Alterations in CX3CL1 Levels and Its Role in Viral Pathogenesis
CX3CL1, also named fractalkine or neurotactin, is the only known member of the CX3C chemokine family that can chemoattract several immune cells. CX3CL1 exists in both membrane-anchored and soluble forms, with each mediating distinct biological activities. CX3CL1 signals are transmitted through its u...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of molecular sciences 2024-04, Vol.25 (8), p.4451 |
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| creator | Zhang, Chunmei Zhang, Yusi Zhuang, Ran Yang, Kun Chen, Lihua Jin, Boquan Ma, Ying Zhang, Yun Tang, Kang |
| description | CX3CL1, also named fractalkine or neurotactin, is the only known member of the CX3C chemokine family that can chemoattract several immune cells. CX3CL1 exists in both membrane-anchored and soluble forms, with each mediating distinct biological activities. CX3CL1 signals are transmitted through its unique receptor, CX3CR1, primarily expressed in the microglia of the central nervous system (CNS). In the CNS, CX3CL1 acts as a regulator of microglia activation in response to brain disorders or inflammation. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the role of CX3CL1 in regulating cell adhesion, chemotaxis, and host immune response in viral infection. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the changes and function of CX3CL1 in various viral infections, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), SARS-CoV-2, influenza virus, and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, to highlight the emerging roles of CX3CL1 in viral infection and associated diseases. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ijms25084451 |
| format | Article |
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CX3CL1 exists in both membrane-anchored and soluble forms, with each mediating distinct biological activities. CX3CL1 signals are transmitted through its unique receptor, CX3CR1, primarily expressed in the microglia of the central nervous system (CNS). In the CNS, CX3CL1 acts as a regulator of microglia activation in response to brain disorders or inflammation. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the role of CX3CL1 in regulating cell adhesion, chemotaxis, and host immune response in viral infection. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the changes and function of CX3CL1 in various viral infections, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), SARS-CoV-2, influenza virus, and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, to highlight the emerging roles of CX3CL1 in viral infection and associated diseases.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1422-0067</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1661-6596</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1422-0067</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084451</identifier><identifier>PMID: 38674036</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Acquired immune deficiency syndrome ; AIDS ; Animals ; Chemokine CX3CL1 - metabolism ; COVID-19 - immunology ; COVID-19 - metabolism ; COVID-19 - virology ; CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1 - genetics ; CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1 - metabolism ; Development and progression ; Health aspects ; HIV ; HIV (Viruses) ; Human immunodeficiency virus ; Humans ; Immune response ; Inflammation ; Influenza ; Influenza viruses ; Kinases ; Microglia - metabolism ; Microglia - virology ; SARS-CoV-2 - pathogenicity ; SARS-CoV-2 - physiology ; Viral infections ; Virus Diseases - immunology ; Virus Diseases - metabolism ; Virus Diseases - virology</subject><ispartof>International journal of molecular sciences, 2024-04, Vol.25 (8), p.4451</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2024 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 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Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the changes and function of CX3CL1 in various viral infections, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), SARS-CoV-2, influenza virus, and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, to highlight the emerging roles of CX3CL1 in viral infection and associated diseases.</description><subject>Acquired immune deficiency syndrome</subject><subject>AIDS</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Chemokine CX3CL1 - metabolism</subject><subject>COVID-19 - immunology</subject><subject>COVID-19 - metabolism</subject><subject>COVID-19 - virology</subject><subject>CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1 - genetics</subject><subject>CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1 - metabolism</subject><subject>Development and progression</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>HIV</subject><subject>HIV (Viruses)</subject><subject>Human immunodeficiency virus</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immune response</subject><subject>Inflammation</subject><subject>Influenza</subject><subject>Influenza viruses</subject><subject>Kinases</subject><subject>Microglia - metabolism</subject><subject>Microglia - virology</subject><subject>SARS-CoV-2 - pathogenicity</subject><subject>SARS-CoV-2 - physiology</subject><subject>Viral infections</subject><subject>Virus Diseases - immunology</subject><subject>Virus Diseases - metabolism</subject><subject>Virus Diseases - virology</subject><issn>1422-0067</issn><issn>1661-6596</issn><issn>1422-0067</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNptkd9LwzAQx4Mobk7ffJaCLz7YeWnSpnmSUfwxKCii4ltJm3RmtM1MWsH_3pbNMUXu4Y67zx3f44vQKYYpIRyu9LJ2QQgxpSHeQ2NMg8AHiNj-Tj1CR84tAQIShPwQjUgcMQokGqPrWdUqK1ptGufpxkveSJJiL1WfqnKeaKQ3b533ZCo1TF-1FZX3KNp3s1CNctodo4NSVE6dbPIEvdzePCf3fvpwN09mqV-QGLd-mXMgeRHIMGechLKMgTFZYhaQOKcgGM5ZSWOgSkoOkkdACxwzoLkgPC9CMkEX67sraz465dqs1q5QVSUaZTqXEaCMU05p1KPnf9Cl6WzTqxuoiGNM-t-31EJUKtNNaVoriuFoNhskhgA07qnpP1QfUtW6MI0qdd__tXC5Xiiscc6qMltZXQv7lWHIBr-yXb96_GyjtctrJbfwj0HkG8cki-c</recordid><startdate>20240401</startdate><enddate>20240401</enddate><creator>Zhang, Chunmei</creator><creator>Zhang, Yusi</creator><creator>Zhuang, Ran</creator><creator>Yang, Kun</creator><creator>Chen, Lihua</creator><creator>Jin, Boquan</creator><creator>Ma, Ying</creator><creator>Zhang, Yun</creator><creator>Tang, Kang</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>COVID</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3614-0422</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0882-9361</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4272-857X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6756-0219</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20240401</creationdate><title>Alterations in CX3CL1 Levels and Its Role in Viral Pathogenesis</title><author>Zhang, Chunmei ; 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CX3CL1 exists in both membrane-anchored and soluble forms, with each mediating distinct biological activities. CX3CL1 signals are transmitted through its unique receptor, CX3CR1, primarily expressed in the microglia of the central nervous system (CNS). In the CNS, CX3CL1 acts as a regulator of microglia activation in response to brain disorders or inflammation. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the role of CX3CL1 in regulating cell adhesion, chemotaxis, and host immune response in viral infection. 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| subjects | Acquired immune deficiency syndrome AIDS Animals Chemokine CX3CL1 - metabolism COVID-19 - immunology COVID-19 - metabolism COVID-19 - virology CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1 - genetics CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1 - metabolism Development and progression Health aspects HIV HIV (Viruses) Human immunodeficiency virus Humans Immune response Inflammation Influenza Influenza viruses Kinases Microglia - metabolism Microglia - virology SARS-CoV-2 - pathogenicity SARS-CoV-2 - physiology Viral infections Virus Diseases - immunology Virus Diseases - metabolism Virus Diseases - virology |
| title | Alterations in CX3CL1 Levels and Its Role in Viral Pathogenesis |
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