Nanobodies counteract the toxicity of an amyloidogenic light chain by stabilizing a partially open dimeric conformation

Light chain amyloidosis (AL) is a systemic disease where fibrillar deposition of misfolded immunoglobulin light chains (LCs) severely affects organ function and results in poor prognosis for patients, especially when heart involvement is severe. Particularly relevant in this context is the cardiotox...

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Veröffentlicht in:Journal of molecular biology 2023-12, Vol.435 (24), p.168320-168320, Article 168320
Hauptverfasser: Broggini, Luca, Barzago, Maria Monica, Speranzini, Valentina, Schulte, Tim, Sonzini, Federica, Giono, Matteo, Romeo, Margherita, Milani, Paolo, Caminito, Serena, Mazzini, Giulia, Rognoni, Paola, Merlini, Giampaolo, Pappone, Carlo, Anastasia, Luigi, Nuvolone, Mario, Palladini, Giovanni, Diomede, Luisa, Ricagno, Stefano
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container_end_page 168320
container_issue 24
container_start_page 168320
container_title Journal of molecular biology
container_volume 435
creator Broggini, Luca
Barzago, Maria Monica
Speranzini, Valentina
Schulte, Tim
Sonzini, Federica
Giono, Matteo
Romeo, Margherita
Milani, Paolo
Caminito, Serena
Mazzini, Giulia
Rognoni, Paola
Merlini, Giampaolo
Pappone, Carlo
Anastasia, Luigi
Nuvolone, Mario
Palladini, Giovanni
Diomede, Luisa
Ricagno, Stefano
description Light chain amyloidosis (AL) is a systemic disease where fibrillar deposition of misfolded immunoglobulin light chains (LCs) severely affects organ function and results in poor prognosis for patients, especially when heart involvement is severe. Particularly relevant in this context is the cardiotoxicity exerted by still uncharacterized soluble LC species. Here, with the final goal of identifying alternative therapeutic strategies to tackle AL amyloidosis, we produced five llama-derived nanobodies (Nbs) specific against H3, a well-characterized amyloidogenic and cardiotoxic LC from an AL patient with severe cardiac involvement. We found that Nbs are specific and potent agents capable of abolishing H3 soluble toxicity in C. elegans in vivo model. Structural characterization of H3-Nb complexes revealed that the protective effect of Nbs is related to their ability to bind to the H3 V domain and stabilise an unexpected partially open LC dimer in which the two V domains no longer interact with each other. Thus, while identifying potent inhibitors of LC soluble toxicity, we also describe the first non-native structure of an amyloidogenic LC that may represent a crucial step in toxicity and aggregation mechanisms.
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168320
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source MEDLINE; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals
subjects Amyloid - immunology
amyloidosis
Animals
Caenorhabditis elegans
cardiotoxicity
domain
heart
Humans
Immunoglobulin Light Chains - chemistry
Immunoglobulin Light Chains - immunology
Immunoglobulin Light Chains - therapeutic use
Immunoglobulin Light-chain Amyloidosis - immunology
Immunoglobulin Light-chain Amyloidosis - therapy
immunoglobulins
molecular biology
Myocytes, Cardiac - metabolism
patients
prognosis
protective effect
Single-Domain Antibodies - chemistry
Single-Domain Antibodies - immunology
Single-Domain Antibodies - therapeutic use
species
therapeutics
toxicity
title Nanobodies counteract the toxicity of an amyloidogenic light chain by stabilizing a partially open dimeric conformation
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