Evidence for transporter-mediated uptake of environmental l-glutamate in a freshwater sponge, Ephydatia muelleri

The freshwater sponge, Ephydatia muelleri, lacks a nervous or endocrine system and yet it exhibits a coordinated whole-body action known as a “sneeze” that can be triggered by exposure to l -glutamate. It is not known how l -glutamate is obtained by E. muelleri in sufficient quantities (i.e., 70 µM)...

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