Estimation of the non-isothermal inactivation patterns of Bacillus sporothermodurans IC4 spores in soups from their isothermal survival data

The isothermal survival curves of the heat resistant spores of Bacillus sporothermodurans IC4, in the range of 117–125 °C, were determined in chicken, mushroom and pea soups by the capillary method. They were all non-linear with a noticeable upper concavity and could be described by the equation log 10 [ N( t)/ N 0]=− b( T) t n with a fixed power, n, of the order of 0.7–0.8. The temperature dependence of b( T) could be described by the equation b( T)=log e{1+exp[ k( T− T c)]}, where T c is the temperature where intensive inactivation starts and k is the slope of b( T) at temperatures well above T c. They were 121–123 °C and 0.2–0.4 °C −1, respectively, depending on the soup. These parameters were used to estimate the survival curves of the spores in two non-isothermal heat treatments using the procedure originally proposed by Peleg and Penchina [Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 40 (2000) 159]. The results were compared with experimental survival curves, determined by the direct injection method, in another laboratory. There was a general agreement, although not perfect, between the predicted and experimentally observed survival ratios. Also, the isothermal survival parameters, estimated directly from the non-isothermal inactivation data using the model, were in general agreement with those calculated from the isothermal data. This suggests that the heat inactivation patterns of B. sporothermodurans IC4 spores in soups can be at least roughly estimated using the same general survival model, which has until now only been experimentally validated for vegetative bacterial cells.