Mercury speciation in the San Francisco Bay estuary
In order to understand the biogeochemistry of mercury in the San Francisco Bay estuary, California, we undertook a 2-year study of sediments and surface waters to investigate sources of mercury to the estuary and the processes that control its distribution. Over several seasons, unfiltered and filte...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Marine chemistry 2003, Vol.80 (2), p.199-225 |
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| creator | Conaway, Christopher H. Squire, Sharon Mason, Robert P. Flegal, A.Russell |
| description | In order to understand the biogeochemistry of mercury in the San Francisco Bay estuary, California, we undertook a 2-year study of sediments and surface waters to investigate sources of mercury to the estuary and the processes that control its distribution. Over several seasons, unfiltered and filtered ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/S0304-4203(02)00135-4 |
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T), monomethylmercury (MMHg), and ancillary water quality parameters. Concentrations of mercury in unfiltered surface water UHg
T ranged from 0.73 to 440 pM, and were well correlated with suspended particulate matter (SPM). Concentrations of UHg
T were typically highest in the winter and spring, when precipitation, fluvial discharges, and SPM were greatest. Although the concentrations of UHg
T appear elevated with respect to other contaminated estuaries, this is largely explained by the high SPM in this system. The average concentration of mercury in suspended particles was 1.8±0.6 nmol g
−1, and was similar to the concentration of Hg
T in sediments (1.1±0.7 nmol g
−1), especially when normalized to grain size (%<63 μm; 1.7±0.7 nmol g
−1), demonstrating the preferential resuspension of fine-grained sediment, and the importance of wind and tidal driven resuspension in controlling UHg
T concentrations. Concentrations of dissolved gaseous mercury averaged 0.90±0.88 pM, and the estuary was a net source of mercury to the atmosphere of 40–240 kg year
−1. The concentrations of surface water MMHg ranged from <0.050 to 2.3 pM, and appeared to be controlled by input from the Sacramento–San Joaquin delta in the northern reach and by wastewater inputs in the extreme southern reach. Sediment mercury concentrations were significantly correlated with the fraction of fine-grained material present and the concentrations of total organic carbon. Concentrations of MMHg in the sediments ranged from 0.5 to 5.0 pmol g
−1, with an average of about 2 pmol g
−1; the highest concentrations were found in areas with detectable pore water sulfide, high nutrient input from wastewater, and low salinity. Although the mercury in this system is principally attributed to contamination from historic mining activity, concentrations were similar to those of other large, urbanized estuaries that are primarily contaminated with recent industrial inputs.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0304-4203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1872-7581</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/S0304-4203(02)00135-4</identifier><identifier>CODEN: MRCHBD</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Amsterdam: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Brackish ; Earth sciences ; Earth, ocean, space ; Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics ; Estuaries ; Exact sciences and technology ; External geophysics ; Geochemistry ; Mercury ; Mineralogy ; Physical and chemical properties of sea water ; Physics of the oceans ; Pollution, environment geology ; San Francisco Bay ; Silicates ; Water geochemistry</subject><ispartof>Marine chemistry, 2003, Vol.80 (2), p.199-225</ispartof><rights>2002 Elsevier Science B.V.</rights><rights>2003 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a453t-4dfaf3ccfa8877836467e3b1085793702ec3fb31f00832fe01a7d6fcfb3be2a53</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a453t-4dfaf3ccfa8877836467e3b1085793702ec3fb31f00832fe01a7d6fcfb3be2a53</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4203(02)00135-4$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,4024,27923,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=14486720$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Conaway, Christopher H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Squire, Sharon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mason, Robert P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Flegal, A.Russell</creatorcontrib><title>Mercury speciation in the San Francisco Bay estuary</title><title>Marine chemistry</title><description>In order to understand the biogeochemistry of mercury in the San Francisco Bay estuary, California, we undertook a 2-year study of sediments and surface waters to investigate sources of mercury to the estuary and the processes that control its distribution. Over several seasons, unfiltered and filtered (<0.45 μm) surface water samples were collected from 26 sites in the estuary and analyzed for total mercury (Hg
T), monomethylmercury (MMHg), and ancillary water quality parameters. Concentrations of mercury in unfiltered surface water UHg
T ranged from 0.73 to 440 pM, and were well correlated with suspended particulate matter (SPM). Concentrations of UHg
T were typically highest in the winter and spring, when precipitation, fluvial discharges, and SPM were greatest. Although the concentrations of UHg
T appear elevated with respect to other contaminated estuaries, this is largely explained by the high SPM in this system. The average concentration of mercury in suspended particles was 1.8±0.6 nmol g
−1, and was similar to the concentration of Hg
T in sediments (1.1±0.7 nmol g
−1), especially when normalized to grain size (%<63 μm; 1.7±0.7 nmol g
−1), demonstrating the preferential resuspension of fine-grained sediment, and the importance of wind and tidal driven resuspension in controlling UHg
T concentrations. Concentrations of dissolved gaseous mercury averaged 0.90±0.88 pM, and the estuary was a net source of mercury to the atmosphere of 40–240 kg year
−1. The concentrations of surface water MMHg ranged from <0.050 to 2.3 pM, and appeared to be controlled by input from the Sacramento–San Joaquin delta in the northern reach and by wastewater inputs in the extreme southern reach. Sediment mercury concentrations were significantly correlated with the fraction of fine-grained material present and the concentrations of total organic carbon. Concentrations of MMHg in the sediments ranged from 0.5 to 5.0 pmol g
−1, with an average of about 2 pmol g
−1; the highest concentrations were found in areas with detectable pore water sulfide, high nutrient input from wastewater, and low salinity. Although the mercury in this system is principally attributed to contamination from historic mining activity, concentrations were similar to those of other large, urbanized estuaries that are primarily contaminated with recent industrial inputs.</description><subject>Brackish</subject><subject>Earth sciences</subject><subject>Earth, ocean, space</subject><subject>Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics</subject><subject>Estuaries</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>External geophysics</subject><subject>Geochemistry</subject><subject>Mercury</subject><subject>Mineralogy</subject><subject>Physical and chemical properties of sea water</subject><subject>Physics of the oceans</subject><subject>Pollution, environment geology</subject><subject>San Francisco Bay</subject><subject>Silicates</subject><subject>Water geochemistry</subject><issn>0304-4203</issn><issn>1872-7581</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2003</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqNkEFLwzAUx4MoOKcfQehF0UP1pUmT9CQ6nAoTD9NzyNIXjHTtTFph395uHXrU04Pw--f_3o-QUwpXFKi4ngMDnvIM2AVklwCU5SnfIyOqZJbKXNF9MvpBDslRjB8AIFhejAh7xmC7sE7iCq03rW_qxNdJ-47J3NTJNJja-mib5M6sE4xtZ8L6mBw4U0U82c0xeZvev04e09nLw9PkdpYanrM25aUzjlnrjFJSKia4kMgWFFQuCyYhQ8vcglEHoFjmEKiRpXC2f1tgZnI2JufDv6vQfHZ9uV72q2BVmRqbLuqskCIHKP4BskIBpX-CVFAuOduA-QDa0MQY0OlV8Mv-dk1Bb6TrrXS9Maoh01vpmve5s12BidZUbtD3G-ZcCdlnxuRm4LD39-Ux6Gg91hZLH9C2umz8H03fN8uUEw</recordid><startdate>2003</startdate><enddate>2003</enddate><creator>Conaway, Christopher H.</creator><creator>Squire, Sharon</creator><creator>Mason, Robert P.</creator><creator>Flegal, A.Russell</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier Science</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TN</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KR7</scope></search><sort><creationdate>2003</creationdate><title>Mercury speciation in the San Francisco Bay estuary</title><author>Conaway, Christopher H. ; Squire, Sharon ; Mason, Robert P. ; Flegal, A.Russell</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a453t-4dfaf3ccfa8877836467e3b1085793702ec3fb31f00832fe01a7d6fcfb3be2a53</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2003</creationdate><topic>Brackish</topic><topic>Earth sciences</topic><topic>Earth, ocean, space</topic><topic>Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics</topic><topic>Estuaries</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>External geophysics</topic><topic>Geochemistry</topic><topic>Mercury</topic><topic>Mineralogy</topic><topic>Physical and chemical properties of sea water</topic><topic>Physics of the oceans</topic><topic>Pollution, environment geology</topic><topic>San Francisco Bay</topic><topic>Silicates</topic><topic>Water geochemistry</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Conaway, Christopher H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Squire, Sharon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mason, Robert P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Flegal, A.Russell</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Aqualine</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Oceanic Abstracts</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Marine chemistry</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Conaway, Christopher H.</au><au>Squire, Sharon</au><au>Mason, Robert P.</au><au>Flegal, A.Russell</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Mercury speciation in the San Francisco Bay estuary</atitle><jtitle>Marine chemistry</jtitle><date>2003</date><risdate>2003</risdate><volume>80</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>199</spage><epage>225</epage><pages>199-225</pages><issn>0304-4203</issn><eissn>1872-7581</eissn><coden>MRCHBD</coden><abstract>In order to understand the biogeochemistry of mercury in the San Francisco Bay estuary, California, we undertook a 2-year study of sediments and surface waters to investigate sources of mercury to the estuary and the processes that control its distribution. Over several seasons, unfiltered and filtered (<0.45 μm) surface water samples were collected from 26 sites in the estuary and analyzed for total mercury (Hg
T), monomethylmercury (MMHg), and ancillary water quality parameters. Concentrations of mercury in unfiltered surface water UHg
T ranged from 0.73 to 440 pM, and were well correlated with suspended particulate matter (SPM). Concentrations of UHg
T were typically highest in the winter and spring, when precipitation, fluvial discharges, and SPM were greatest. Although the concentrations of UHg
T appear elevated with respect to other contaminated estuaries, this is largely explained by the high SPM in this system. The average concentration of mercury in suspended particles was 1.8±0.6 nmol g
−1, and was similar to the concentration of Hg
T in sediments (1.1±0.7 nmol g
−1), especially when normalized to grain size (%<63 μm; 1.7±0.7 nmol g
−1), demonstrating the preferential resuspension of fine-grained sediment, and the importance of wind and tidal driven resuspension in controlling UHg
T concentrations. Concentrations of dissolved gaseous mercury averaged 0.90±0.88 pM, and the estuary was a net source of mercury to the atmosphere of 40–240 kg year
−1. The concentrations of surface water MMHg ranged from <0.050 to 2.3 pM, and appeared to be controlled by input from the Sacramento–San Joaquin delta in the northern reach and by wastewater inputs in the extreme southern reach. Sediment mercury concentrations were significantly correlated with the fraction of fine-grained material present and the concentrations of total organic carbon. Concentrations of MMHg in the sediments ranged from 0.5 to 5.0 pmol g
−1, with an average of about 2 pmol g
−1; the highest concentrations were found in areas with detectable pore water sulfide, high nutrient input from wastewater, and low salinity. Although the mercury in this system is principally attributed to contamination from historic mining activity, concentrations were similar to those of other large, urbanized estuaries that are primarily contaminated with recent industrial inputs.</abstract><cop>Amsterdam</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><doi>10.1016/S0304-4203(02)00135-4</doi><tpages>27</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Brackish Earth sciences Earth, ocean, space Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics Estuaries Exact sciences and technology External geophysics Geochemistry Mercury Mineralogy Physical and chemical properties of sea water Physics of the oceans Pollution, environment geology San Francisco Bay Silicates Water geochemistry |
| title | Mercury speciation in the San Francisco Bay estuary |
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