Clinical features and risk factors of primary Sjögren’s syndrome complicated with severe pneumonia: a case–control study

Objectives To analyze clinical characteristics, risk factors, pathogen distribution, and prognostic markers in primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) patients with severe pneumonia (SP) compared to those without severe pneumonia (NSP). Methods This case–control study included 24 hospitalized pSS patients with SP and 96 NSP at the first affiliated hospital of Soochow university from June 2014 to May 2023. Data encompassing demographics, comorbidities, treatments, and laboratory results were retrospectively collected. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses, ROC curves, and statistical analyses using SPSS 23.0 assessed risk factors. The study retrospectively analyzed clinical features and risk factors, highlighting distinct parameters between pSS patients with and without SP. Results Marked differences were observed in several parameters: pSS activity( P