Long term performance of the sand-plant-filter Schattweid (Switzerland)
The human waste concept of the Centre for Applied Ecology Schattweid. Switzerland combines treatment of feces in compost toilets and a constructed wetland for the liquid wastes, The wastewater of 5.1 population equivalents (greywater and urine) is treated in a two chambered settling tank followed by...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Water science and technology 1997, Vol.35 (5), p.307-314 |
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| creator | Schönbom, Andreas Züst, Brigitta Underwood, Evelyn |
| description | The human waste concept of the Centre for Applied Ecology Schattweid. Switzerland combines treatment of feces in compost toilets and a constructed wetland for the liquid wastes, The wastewater of 5.1 population equivalents (greywater and urine) is treated in a two chambered settling tank followed by an underground vertical flow sand filter and a horizontal flow constructed wetland. The wastewater system has been in operation since 1985. Its performance has been monitored on COD. NH4-N, NO3-N. NO2-N, Total-P and Total-N almost monthly since then. and on other parameters (Total-Fe. CI) occasionally.
COD elimination (91.4 %) and Total-P removal (90.6%) were stable over the years, whereas NH4-N and Total-N elimination have improved markedly from around 55% to 93.0% (NH4-N) and 80.0% (Total-N). Performance in winter was excellent. The addition of an easily degradable carbon source to the plant filter in summer 1991 led to a markedly decreased phosphorus retention and a washout of iron during the experiment. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/S0273-1223(97)00084-X |
| format | Article |
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COD elimination (91.4 %) and Total-P removal (90.6%) were stable over the years, whereas NH4-N and Total-N elimination have improved markedly from around 55% to 93.0% (NH4-N) and 80.0% (Total-N). Performance in winter was excellent. The addition of an easily degradable carbon source to the plant filter in summer 1991 led to a markedly decreased phosphorus retention and a washout of iron during the experiment.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0273-1223</identifier><identifier>ISBN: 9780080431031</identifier><identifier>ISBN: 0080431038</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1996-9732</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/S0273-1223(97)00084-X</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Advection ; Artificial wetlands ; Carbon sources ; COD ; Composting ; Composts ; conductivity ; constructed wetland ; Greywater ; human waste treatment concept ; Human wastes ; hydraulic ; Iron ; iron leakage ; Liquid wastes ; low load conditions ; NH4-N ; Nitrogen dioxide ; Phosphorus ; plant filter ; Removal ; Sand ; sand filter ; Sand filters ; Toilets ; total-P ; Underground construction ; Urine ; Vertical flow ; Vertical mixing ; Wastewater ; Wastewater treatment ; Wetlands</subject><ispartof>Water science and technology, 1997, Vol.35 (5), p.307-314</ispartof><rights>1997 International Association on Water Quality</rights><rights>Copyright IWA Publishing Mar 1997</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c405t-e782d8842f03b05c3b7601ffebec99065ab632d972c5539da6a360ed06e19b8a3</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>309,310,314,780,784,789,790,4024,4050,4051,27923,27924,27925</link.rule.ids></links><search><contributor>Perfler, R</contributor><contributor>Laber, J</contributor><contributor>Haberl, R</contributor><contributor>Cooper, P (eds)</contributor><creatorcontrib>Schönbom, Andreas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Züst, Brigitta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Underwood, Evelyn</creatorcontrib><title>Long term performance of the sand-plant-filter Schattweid (Switzerland)</title><title>Water science and technology</title><description>The human waste concept of the Centre for Applied Ecology Schattweid. Switzerland combines treatment of feces in compost toilets and a constructed wetland for the liquid wastes, The wastewater of 5.1 population equivalents (greywater and urine) is treated in a two chambered settling tank followed by an underground vertical flow sand filter and a horizontal flow constructed wetland. The wastewater system has been in operation since 1985. Its performance has been monitored on COD. NH4-N, NO3-N. NO2-N, Total-P and Total-N almost monthly since then. and on other parameters (Total-Fe. CI) occasionally.
COD elimination (91.4 %) and Total-P removal (90.6%) were stable over the years, whereas NH4-N and Total-N elimination have improved markedly from around 55% to 93.0% (NH4-N) and 80.0% (Total-N). Performance in winter was excellent. The addition of an easily degradable carbon source to the plant filter in summer 1991 led to a markedly decreased phosphorus retention and a washout of iron during the experiment.</description><subject>Advection</subject><subject>Artificial wetlands</subject><subject>Carbon sources</subject><subject>COD</subject><subject>Composting</subject><subject>Composts</subject><subject>conductivity</subject><subject>constructed wetland</subject><subject>Greywater</subject><subject>human waste treatment concept</subject><subject>Human wastes</subject><subject>hydraulic</subject><subject>Iron</subject><subject>iron leakage</subject><subject>Liquid wastes</subject><subject>low load conditions</subject><subject>NH4-N</subject><subject>Nitrogen dioxide</subject><subject>Phosphorus</subject><subject>plant filter</subject><subject>Removal</subject><subject>Sand</subject><subject>sand filter</subject><subject>Sand filters</subject><subject>Toilets</subject><subject>total-P</subject><subject>Underground 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Switzerland combines treatment of feces in compost toilets and a constructed wetland for the liquid wastes, The wastewater of 5.1 population equivalents (greywater and urine) is treated in a two chambered settling tank followed by an underground vertical flow sand filter and a horizontal flow constructed wetland. The wastewater system has been in operation since 1985. Its performance has been monitored on COD. NH4-N, NO3-N. NO2-N, Total-P and Total-N almost monthly since then. and on other parameters (Total-Fe. CI) occasionally.
COD elimination (91.4 %) and Total-P removal (90.6%) were stable over the years, whereas NH4-N and Total-N elimination have improved markedly from around 55% to 93.0% (NH4-N) and 80.0% (Total-N). Performance in winter was excellent. The addition of an easily degradable carbon source to the plant filter in summer 1991 led to a markedly decreased phosphorus retention and a washout of iron during the experiment.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><doi>10.1016/S0273-1223(97)00084-X</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 0273-1223 |
| ispartof | Water science and technology, 1997, Vol.35 (5), p.307-314 |
| issn | 0273-1223 1996-9732 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_29733756 |
| source | EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals |
| subjects | Advection Artificial wetlands Carbon sources COD Composting Composts conductivity constructed wetland Greywater human waste treatment concept Human wastes hydraulic Iron iron leakage Liquid wastes low load conditions NH4-N Nitrogen dioxide Phosphorus plant filter Removal Sand sand filter Sand filters Toilets total-P Underground construction Urine Vertical flow Vertical mixing Wastewater Wastewater treatment Wetlands |
| title | Long term performance of the sand-plant-filter Schattweid (Switzerland) |
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