At-home bleaching with carbamide peroxide with concentrations below 10%: bleaching efficacy and permeability in the pulp chamber
Objectives To evaluate the bleaching efficacy and permeability of hydrogen peroxide (HP) in the pulp chamber of human teeth bleached with lower concentrations of carbamide peroxide gel (4%, 5% and 7% CP). Materials and methods Bleaching gels with lower concentrations were formulated and a commercial...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Clinical oral investigations 2024-03, Vol.28 (4), p.224-224, Article 224 |
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| creator | Cordeiro, Deisy Cristina Ferreira Favoreto, Michael Willian Centenaro, Gabrielle Gomes Gumy, Fernanda Novak Loguercio, Alessandro D. Borges, Christiane Philippini Ferreira Reis, Alessandra |
| description | Objectives
To evaluate the bleaching efficacy and permeability of hydrogen peroxide (HP) in the pulp chamber of human teeth bleached with lower concentrations of carbamide peroxide gel (4%, 5% and 7% CP).
Materials and methods
Bleaching gels with lower concentrations were formulated and a commercial standard gel, 10% CP, was used as a reference. Fifty-six human premolars were randomly divided into four groups. Applications of the bleaching gel were made for 3 h for 21 days. The bleaching efficacy was evaluated by digital spectrophotometry on 1, 7, 14 and 21 days, with analysis in the ∆E
ab
, ∆E
00
and WI
D
color spaces. The concentration of HP in the pulp chamber was measured in the same periods by UV-Vis spectrophotometry (µg/mL). Two-way repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA) examined bleaching efficacy and HP permeability, followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test (α = 0.05).
Results
All groups showed significant color changes, with no statistical differences after the second and third week of bleaching (
p
> 0.05). The ‘time’ factor was statistically different (
p
|
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00784-024-05604-7 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2973102700</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2973102700</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c326t-61e2b3336892b33d1264c80dcdf11f158863f14203f4ccb133065ef2c48299883</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kUtv1TAQhSMEoqXwB1ggSwiJTcr4EcdhV1W8pErdlLXlOOPGVWJf7ETt3fHT8SUFKhZdjGfk-c6xpVNVrymcUoD2Qy6HEjWwUo0EUbdPqmMquKx529KnD-aj6kXONwBUyJY_r464aqATII-rn2dLPcYZST-hsaMP1-TWLyOxJvVm9gOSHaZ4dxi2-xgshiWZxceQSY9TvCUU3n18YIDOeWvsnpgwHOQzmt5PftkTH8gyFst12hE7mrnH9LJ65syU8dV9P6m-f_50df61vrj88u387KK2nMmllhRZzzmXqjv0gTIprILBDo5SRxulJHdUMOBOWNtTzkE26JgVinWdUvyker_57lL8sWJe9OyzxWkyAeOaNetaToG1AAV9-x96E9cUyu8KJTvWgFJdodhG2RRzTuj0LvnZpL2moA_56C0fXfLRv_PRbRG9ubde-xmHv5I_gRSAb0Auq3CN6d_bj9j-ArhlmmI</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2969250889</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>At-home bleaching with carbamide peroxide with concentrations below 10%: bleaching efficacy and permeability in the pulp chamber</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals</source><creator>Cordeiro, Deisy Cristina Ferreira ; Favoreto, Michael Willian ; Centenaro, Gabrielle Gomes ; Gumy, Fernanda Novak ; Loguercio, Alessandro D. ; Borges, Christiane Philippini Ferreira ; Reis, Alessandra</creator><creatorcontrib>Cordeiro, Deisy Cristina Ferreira ; Favoreto, Michael Willian ; Centenaro, Gabrielle Gomes ; Gumy, Fernanda Novak ; Loguercio, Alessandro D. ; Borges, Christiane Philippini Ferreira ; Reis, Alessandra</creatorcontrib><description>Objectives
To evaluate the bleaching efficacy and permeability of hydrogen peroxide (HP) in the pulp chamber of human teeth bleached with lower concentrations of carbamide peroxide gel (4%, 5% and 7% CP).
Materials and methods
Bleaching gels with lower concentrations were formulated and a commercial standard gel, 10% CP, was used as a reference. Fifty-six human premolars were randomly divided into four groups. Applications of the bleaching gel were made for 3 h for 21 days. The bleaching efficacy was evaluated by digital spectrophotometry on 1, 7, 14 and 21 days, with analysis in the ∆E
ab
, ∆E
00
and WI
D
color spaces. The concentration of HP in the pulp chamber was measured in the same periods by UV-Vis spectrophotometry (µg/mL). Two-way repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA) examined bleaching efficacy and HP permeability, followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test (α = 0.05).
Results
All groups showed significant color changes, with no statistical differences after the second and third week of bleaching (
p
> 0.05). The ‘time’ factor was statistically different (
p
< 0.05), increasing the bleaching efficacy throughout the treatment. The 4% CP group had lower HP levels in the pulp chamber (
p
< 0.05).
Conclusions
The results seem promising, revealing that low concentration gels are as effective as 10% CP with the benefit of reducing the amount of HP in the pulp chamber.
Clinical relevance
Low concentration 4% PC and 5% PC maintains bleaching efficacy, reduces the penetration of HP peroxide into the pulp chamber, and may reduce tooth sensitivity.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1436-3771</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1432-6981</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1436-3771</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05604-7</identifier><identifier>PMID: 38509406</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Bleaching ; Carbamide Peroxide ; Dental pulp ; Dental Pulp Cavity ; Dentistry ; Gels ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Hypochlorous Acid ; Medicine ; Permeability ; Peroxides - pharmacology ; Premolars ; Spectrophotometry ; Time ; Tooth Bleaching - methods ; Tooth Bleaching Agents - pharmacology ; Urea - pharmacology ; Variance analysis</subject><ispartof>Clinical oral investigations, 2024-03, Vol.28 (4), p.224-224, Article 224</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</rights><rights>2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c326t-61e2b3336892b33d1264c80dcdf11f158863f14203f4ccb133065ef2c48299883</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00784-024-05604-7$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00784-024-05604-7$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38509406$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Cordeiro, Deisy Cristina Ferreira</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Favoreto, Michael Willian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Centenaro, Gabrielle Gomes</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gumy, Fernanda Novak</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Loguercio, Alessandro D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Borges, Christiane Philippini Ferreira</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reis, Alessandra</creatorcontrib><title>At-home bleaching with carbamide peroxide with concentrations below 10%: bleaching efficacy and permeability in the pulp chamber</title><title>Clinical oral investigations</title><addtitle>Clin Oral Invest</addtitle><addtitle>Clin Oral Investig</addtitle><description>Objectives
To evaluate the bleaching efficacy and permeability of hydrogen peroxide (HP) in the pulp chamber of human teeth bleached with lower concentrations of carbamide peroxide gel (4%, 5% and 7% CP).
Materials and methods
Bleaching gels with lower concentrations were formulated and a commercial standard gel, 10% CP, was used as a reference. Fifty-six human premolars were randomly divided into four groups. Applications of the bleaching gel were made for 3 h for 21 days. The bleaching efficacy was evaluated by digital spectrophotometry on 1, 7, 14 and 21 days, with analysis in the ∆E
ab
, ∆E
00
and WI
D
color spaces. The concentration of HP in the pulp chamber was measured in the same periods by UV-Vis spectrophotometry (µg/mL). Two-way repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA) examined bleaching efficacy and HP permeability, followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test (α = 0.05).
Results
All groups showed significant color changes, with no statistical differences after the second and third week of bleaching (
p
> 0.05). The ‘time’ factor was statistically different (
p
< 0.05), increasing the bleaching efficacy throughout the treatment. The 4% CP group had lower HP levels in the pulp chamber (
p
< 0.05).
Conclusions
The results seem promising, revealing that low concentration gels are as effective as 10% CP with the benefit of reducing the amount of HP in the pulp chamber.
Clinical relevance
Low concentration 4% PC and 5% PC maintains bleaching efficacy, reduces the penetration of HP peroxide into the pulp chamber, and may reduce tooth sensitivity.</description><subject>Bleaching</subject><subject>Carbamide Peroxide</subject><subject>Dental pulp</subject><subject>Dental Pulp Cavity</subject><subject>Dentistry</subject><subject>Gels</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hydrogen Peroxide</subject><subject>Hypochlorous Acid</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Permeability</subject><subject>Peroxides - pharmacology</subject><subject>Premolars</subject><subject>Spectrophotometry</subject><subject>Time</subject><subject>Tooth Bleaching - methods</subject><subject>Tooth Bleaching Agents - pharmacology</subject><subject>Urea - pharmacology</subject><subject>Variance analysis</subject><issn>1436-3771</issn><issn>1432-6981</issn><issn>1436-3771</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kUtv1TAQhSMEoqXwB1ggSwiJTcr4EcdhV1W8pErdlLXlOOPGVWJf7ETt3fHT8SUFKhZdjGfk-c6xpVNVrymcUoD2Qy6HEjWwUo0EUbdPqmMquKx529KnD-aj6kXONwBUyJY_r464aqATII-rn2dLPcYZST-hsaMP1-TWLyOxJvVm9gOSHaZ4dxi2-xgshiWZxceQSY9TvCUU3n18YIDOeWvsnpgwHOQzmt5PftkTH8gyFst12hE7mrnH9LJ65syU8dV9P6m-f_50df61vrj88u387KK2nMmllhRZzzmXqjv0gTIprILBDo5SRxulJHdUMOBOWNtTzkE26JgVinWdUvyker_57lL8sWJe9OyzxWkyAeOaNetaToG1AAV9-x96E9cUyu8KJTvWgFJdodhG2RRzTuj0LvnZpL2moA_56C0fXfLRv_PRbRG9ubde-xmHv5I_gRSAb0Auq3CN6d_bj9j-ArhlmmI</recordid><startdate>20240321</startdate><enddate>20240321</enddate><creator>Cordeiro, Deisy Cristina Ferreira</creator><creator>Favoreto, Michael Willian</creator><creator>Centenaro, Gabrielle Gomes</creator><creator>Gumy, Fernanda Novak</creator><creator>Loguercio, Alessandro D.</creator><creator>Borges, Christiane Philippini Ferreira</creator><creator>Reis, Alessandra</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20240321</creationdate><title>At-home bleaching with carbamide peroxide with concentrations below 10%: bleaching efficacy and permeability in the pulp chamber</title><author>Cordeiro, Deisy Cristina Ferreira ; Favoreto, Michael Willian ; Centenaro, Gabrielle Gomes ; Gumy, Fernanda Novak ; Loguercio, Alessandro D. ; Borges, Christiane Philippini Ferreira ; Reis, Alessandra</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c326t-61e2b3336892b33d1264c80dcdf11f158863f14203f4ccb133065ef2c48299883</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Bleaching</topic><topic>Carbamide Peroxide</topic><topic>Dental pulp</topic><topic>Dental Pulp Cavity</topic><topic>Dentistry</topic><topic>Gels</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hydrogen Peroxide</topic><topic>Hypochlorous Acid</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Permeability</topic><topic>Peroxides - pharmacology</topic><topic>Premolars</topic><topic>Spectrophotometry</topic><topic>Time</topic><topic>Tooth Bleaching - methods</topic><topic>Tooth Bleaching Agents - pharmacology</topic><topic>Urea - pharmacology</topic><topic>Variance analysis</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Cordeiro, Deisy Cristina Ferreira</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Favoreto, Michael Willian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Centenaro, Gabrielle Gomes</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gumy, Fernanda Novak</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Loguercio, Alessandro D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Borges, Christiane Philippini Ferreira</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reis, Alessandra</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Clinical oral investigations</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Cordeiro, Deisy Cristina Ferreira</au><au>Favoreto, Michael Willian</au><au>Centenaro, Gabrielle Gomes</au><au>Gumy, Fernanda Novak</au><au>Loguercio, Alessandro D.</au><au>Borges, Christiane Philippini Ferreira</au><au>Reis, Alessandra</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>At-home bleaching with carbamide peroxide with concentrations below 10%: bleaching efficacy and permeability in the pulp chamber</atitle><jtitle>Clinical oral investigations</jtitle><stitle>Clin Oral Invest</stitle><addtitle>Clin Oral Investig</addtitle><date>2024-03-21</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>28</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>224</spage><epage>224</epage><pages>224-224</pages><artnum>224</artnum><issn>1436-3771</issn><issn>1432-6981</issn><eissn>1436-3771</eissn><abstract>Objectives
To evaluate the bleaching efficacy and permeability of hydrogen peroxide (HP) in the pulp chamber of human teeth bleached with lower concentrations of carbamide peroxide gel (4%, 5% and 7% CP).
Materials and methods
Bleaching gels with lower concentrations were formulated and a commercial standard gel, 10% CP, was used as a reference. Fifty-six human premolars were randomly divided into four groups. Applications of the bleaching gel were made for 3 h for 21 days. The bleaching efficacy was evaluated by digital spectrophotometry on 1, 7, 14 and 21 days, with analysis in the ∆E
ab
, ∆E
00
and WI
D
color spaces. The concentration of HP in the pulp chamber was measured in the same periods by UV-Vis spectrophotometry (µg/mL). Two-way repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA) examined bleaching efficacy and HP permeability, followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test (α = 0.05).
Results
All groups showed significant color changes, with no statistical differences after the second and third week of bleaching (
p
> 0.05). The ‘time’ factor was statistically different (
p
< 0.05), increasing the bleaching efficacy throughout the treatment. The 4% CP group had lower HP levels in the pulp chamber (
p
< 0.05).
Conclusions
The results seem promising, revealing that low concentration gels are as effective as 10% CP with the benefit of reducing the amount of HP in the pulp chamber.
Clinical relevance
Low concentration 4% PC and 5% PC maintains bleaching efficacy, reduces the penetration of HP peroxide into the pulp chamber, and may reduce tooth sensitivity.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>38509406</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00784-024-05604-7</doi><tpages>1</tpages></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 1436-3771 |
| ispartof | Clinical oral investigations, 2024-03, Vol.28 (4), p.224-224, Article 224 |
| issn | 1436-3771 1432-6981 1436-3771 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2973102700 |
| source | MEDLINE; Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals |
| subjects | Bleaching Carbamide Peroxide Dental pulp Dental Pulp Cavity Dentistry Gels Humans Hydrogen Peroxide Hypochlorous Acid Medicine Permeability Peroxides - pharmacology Premolars Spectrophotometry Time Tooth Bleaching - methods Tooth Bleaching Agents - pharmacology Urea - pharmacology Variance analysis |
| title | At-home bleaching with carbamide peroxide with concentrations below 10%: bleaching efficacy and permeability in the pulp chamber |
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