Burning characteristics and emission products related to metallic content in incense
This study mainly compared particulate emission factors of nine popular incense. The influence of metallic contents upon the burning rate, ash and particulate emission factors of combustion was discussed. The contents of Ca and K were the highest among all metallic elements in the raw materials of t...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of hazardous materials 2007-02, Vol.140 (1), p.165-172 |
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| creator | Lin, Ta-Chang Yang, Chi-Ru Chang, Feng-Hsiang |
| description | This study mainly compared particulate emission factors of nine popular incense. The influence of metallic contents upon the burning rate, ash and particulate emission factors of combustion was discussed. The contents of Ca and K were the highest among all metallic elements in the raw materials of the incense (the geometric mean contents 8.7 and 2.5
mg
g
−1, respectively), followed by Al, Mg, Fe, Na (0.1–1.0
mg
g
−1) and Ba, then Sr, Mn, Cu and Zn ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.06.052 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_29594977</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><els_id>S0304389406006947</els_id><sourcerecordid>19676605</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c486t-db5c7b519ed8554be802fd4e14e7dce8a52ea2f6fe6093e28b5848e6b647a5163</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNkUuLFTEQhYMoznX0JyjZ6K6veT9W4gy-YMDNuA7ppNrJpTs9JmlBf73d3IZZjnCgNl9VHc5B6DUlR0qoen86nu7838m3IyNEHTdJ9gQdqNG845yrp-hAOBEdN1ZcoBe1ngghVEvxHF1QZTVnSh3Q7dVScso_cbjzxYcGJdWWQsU-RwxTqjXNGd-XOS6hVVxg9A0ibjOeoPlxTAGHOTfIDae8KkCu8BI9G_xY4dU-L9GPz59ur792N9-_fLv-eNMFYVTrYi-D7iW1EI2UogdD2BAFUAE6BjBeMvBsUAMoYjkw00sjDKheCe0lVfwSvTvfXf39WqA2txoOMI4-w7xUx6y0wmr9KEit0lr8J6gUkSsoz2Aoc60FBndf0uTLH0eJ2wpyJ7cX5LaC3CbJ1r03-4OlnyA-bO2NrMDbHfA1-HEoPodUHzgjLGNm4z6cOVgD_p2guBoSrPnHVCA0F-f0iJV_T2SyYA</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>19676605</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Burning characteristics and emission products related to metallic content in incense</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Access via ScienceDirect (Elsevier)</source><creator>Lin, Ta-Chang ; Yang, Chi-Ru ; Chang, Feng-Hsiang</creator><creatorcontrib>Lin, Ta-Chang ; Yang, Chi-Ru ; Chang, Feng-Hsiang</creatorcontrib><description>This study mainly compared particulate emission factors of nine popular incense. The influence of metallic contents upon the burning rate, ash and particulate emission factors of combustion was discussed. The contents of Ca and K were the highest among all metallic elements in the raw materials of the incense (the geometric mean contents 8.7 and 2.5
mg
g
−1, respectively), followed by Al, Mg, Fe, Na (0.1–1.0
mg
g
−1) and Ba, then Sr, Mn, Cu and Zn (<0.01–0.1
mg
g
−1). Most calcium existed as inorganic salts, such as CaCO
3. Under the same burning conditions, the particulate generation rates are similar (0.50
mg
min
−1
±
9%) among different types of incense—the shorter the combustion duration of a stick, the lower the total suspended particulate emission. Additionally, with the same incense weight burned, the greater the emission of ash is, the lower the emission of suspended particulate. It is recommended that consumers select incense which produces more ash, hence less particulate, to minimize the threat to their’ health. Additionally, when the total metallic content (with Ca as the major component) was lower than 2% of the raw materials, properly increasing the total metallic content (from 0.5 to 2.0%) can effectively reduce the level of particulates (about 40%) during the combustion.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0304-3894</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-3336</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.06.052</identifier><identifier>PMID: 16973266</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JHMAD9</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Amsterdam: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Applied sciences ; Atmospheric pollution ; Burning rate ; Calcium ; Combustion duration ; Consumer Product Safety ; Emission factor ; Exact sciences and technology ; Generation rate ; Incense ; Inhalation Exposure ; Metals - analysis ; Particulate Matter - analysis ; Pollution ; Potassium</subject><ispartof>Journal of hazardous materials, 2007-02, Vol.140 (1), p.165-172</ispartof><rights>2006 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>2007 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c486t-db5c7b519ed8554be802fd4e14e7dce8a52ea2f6fe6093e28b5848e6b647a5163</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c486t-db5c7b519ed8554be802fd4e14e7dce8a52ea2f6fe6093e28b5848e6b647a5163</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.06.052$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=18492286$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16973266$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lin, Ta-Chang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Chi-Ru</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chang, Feng-Hsiang</creatorcontrib><title>Burning characteristics and emission products related to metallic content in incense</title><title>Journal of hazardous materials</title><addtitle>J Hazard Mater</addtitle><description>This study mainly compared particulate emission factors of nine popular incense. The influence of metallic contents upon the burning rate, ash and particulate emission factors of combustion was discussed. The contents of Ca and K were the highest among all metallic elements in the raw materials of the incense (the geometric mean contents 8.7 and 2.5
mg
g
−1, respectively), followed by Al, Mg, Fe, Na (0.1–1.0
mg
g
−1) and Ba, then Sr, Mn, Cu and Zn (<0.01–0.1
mg
g
−1). Most calcium existed as inorganic salts, such as CaCO
3. Under the same burning conditions, the particulate generation rates are similar (0.50
mg
min
−1
±
9%) among different types of incense—the shorter the combustion duration of a stick, the lower the total suspended particulate emission. Additionally, with the same incense weight burned, the greater the emission of ash is, the lower the emission of suspended particulate. It is recommended that consumers select incense which produces more ash, hence less particulate, to minimize the threat to their’ health. Additionally, when the total metallic content (with Ca as the major component) was lower than 2% of the raw materials, properly increasing the total metallic content (from 0.5 to 2.0%) can effectively reduce the level of particulates (about 40%) during the combustion.</description><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Atmospheric pollution</subject><subject>Burning rate</subject><subject>Calcium</subject><subject>Combustion duration</subject><subject>Consumer Product Safety</subject><subject>Emission factor</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Generation rate</subject><subject>Incense</subject><subject>Inhalation Exposure</subject><subject>Metals - analysis</subject><subject>Particulate Matter - analysis</subject><subject>Pollution</subject><subject>Potassium</subject><issn>0304-3894</issn><issn>1873-3336</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2007</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkUuLFTEQhYMoznX0JyjZ6K6veT9W4gy-YMDNuA7ppNrJpTs9JmlBf73d3IZZjnCgNl9VHc5B6DUlR0qoen86nu7838m3IyNEHTdJ9gQdqNG845yrp-hAOBEdN1ZcoBe1ngghVEvxHF1QZTVnSh3Q7dVScso_cbjzxYcGJdWWQsU-RwxTqjXNGd-XOS6hVVxg9A0ibjOeoPlxTAGHOTfIDae8KkCu8BI9G_xY4dU-L9GPz59ur792N9-_fLv-eNMFYVTrYi-D7iW1EI2UogdD2BAFUAE6BjBeMvBsUAMoYjkw00sjDKheCe0lVfwSvTvfXf39WqA2txoOMI4-w7xUx6y0wmr9KEit0lr8J6gUkSsoz2Aoc60FBndf0uTLH0eJ2wpyJ7cX5LaC3CbJ1r03-4OlnyA-bO2NrMDbHfA1-HEoPodUHzgjLGNm4z6cOVgD_p2guBoSrPnHVCA0F-f0iJV_T2SyYA</recordid><startdate>20070209</startdate><enddate>20070209</enddate><creator>Lin, Ta-Chang</creator><creator>Yang, Chi-Ru</creator><creator>Chang, Feng-Hsiang</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>7QF</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KR7</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20070209</creationdate><title>Burning characteristics and emission products related to metallic content in incense</title><author>Lin, Ta-Chang ; Yang, Chi-Ru ; Chang, Feng-Hsiang</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c486t-db5c7b519ed8554be802fd4e14e7dce8a52ea2f6fe6093e28b5848e6b647a5163</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2007</creationdate><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>Atmospheric pollution</topic><topic>Burning rate</topic><topic>Calcium</topic><topic>Combustion duration</topic><topic>Consumer Product Safety</topic><topic>Emission factor</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Generation rate</topic><topic>Incense</topic><topic>Inhalation Exposure</topic><topic>Metals - analysis</topic><topic>Particulate Matter - analysis</topic><topic>Pollution</topic><topic>Potassium</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lin, Ta-Chang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Chi-Ru</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chang, Feng-Hsiang</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><collection>Aluminium Industry Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Journal of hazardous materials</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lin, Ta-Chang</au><au>Yang, Chi-Ru</au><au>Chang, Feng-Hsiang</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Burning characteristics and emission products related to metallic content in incense</atitle><jtitle>Journal of hazardous materials</jtitle><addtitle>J Hazard Mater</addtitle><date>2007-02-09</date><risdate>2007</risdate><volume>140</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>165</spage><epage>172</epage><pages>165-172</pages><issn>0304-3894</issn><eissn>1873-3336</eissn><coden>JHMAD9</coden><abstract>This study mainly compared particulate emission factors of nine popular incense. The influence of metallic contents upon the burning rate, ash and particulate emission factors of combustion was discussed. The contents of Ca and K were the highest among all metallic elements in the raw materials of the incense (the geometric mean contents 8.7 and 2.5
mg
g
−1, respectively), followed by Al, Mg, Fe, Na (0.1–1.0
mg
g
−1) and Ba, then Sr, Mn, Cu and Zn (<0.01–0.1
mg
g
−1). Most calcium existed as inorganic salts, such as CaCO
3. Under the same burning conditions, the particulate generation rates are similar (0.50
mg
min
−1
±
9%) among different types of incense—the shorter the combustion duration of a stick, the lower the total suspended particulate emission. Additionally, with the same incense weight burned, the greater the emission of ash is, the lower the emission of suspended particulate. It is recommended that consumers select incense which produces more ash, hence less particulate, to minimize the threat to their’ health. Additionally, when the total metallic content (with Ca as the major component) was lower than 2% of the raw materials, properly increasing the total metallic content (from 0.5 to 2.0%) can effectively reduce the level of particulates (about 40%) during the combustion.</abstract><cop>Amsterdam</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>16973266</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.06.052</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
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| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; Access via ScienceDirect (Elsevier) |
| subjects | Applied sciences Atmospheric pollution Burning rate Calcium Combustion duration Consumer Product Safety Emission factor Exact sciences and technology Generation rate Incense Inhalation Exposure Metals - analysis Particulate Matter - analysis Pollution Potassium |
| title | Burning characteristics and emission products related to metallic content in incense |
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