Magnitude of arsenic pollution in the Mekong and Red River Deltas -Cambodia and Vietnam
Large alluvial deltas of the Mekong River in southern Vietnam and Cambodia and the Red River in northern Vietnam have groundwaters that are exploited for drinking water by private tube-wells, which are of increasing demand since the mid-1990s. This paper presents an overview of groundwater arsenic p...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The Science of the total environment 2007, Vol.372 (2-3), p.413-425 |
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| creator | BERG, Michael STENGEL, Caroline PHAM THI KIM TRANG PHAM HUNG VIET SAMPSON, Mickey L LENG, Moniphea SAMRETH, Sopheap FREDERICKS, David |
| description | Large alluvial deltas of the Mekong River in southern Vietnam and Cambodia and the Red River in northern Vietnam have groundwaters that are exploited for drinking water by private tube-wells, which are of increasing demand since the mid-1990s. This paper presents an overview of groundwater arsenic pollution in the Mekong delta: arsenic concentrations ranged from 1-1610 microg/L in Cambodia (average 217 microg/L) and 1-845 microg/L in southern Vietnam (average 39 microg/L), respectively. It also evaluates the situation in Red River delta where groundwater arsenic concentrations vary from 1-3050 microg/L (average 159 microg/L). In addition to rural areas, the drinking water supply of the city of Hanoi has elevated arsenic concentrations. The sediments of 12-40 m deep cores from the Red River delta contain arsenic levels of 2-33 microg/g (average 7 microg/g, dry weight) and show a remarkable correlation with sediment-bound iron. In all three areas, the groundwater arsenic pollution seem to be of natural origin and caused by reductive dissolution of arsenic-bearing iron phases buried in aquifers. The population at risk of chronic arsenic poisoning is estimated to be 10 million in the Red River delta and 0.5-1 million in the Mekong delta. A subset of hair samples collected in Vietnam and Cambodia from residents drinking groundwater with arsenic levels >50 microg/L have a significantly higher arsenic content than control groups ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.09.010 |
| format | Article |
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This paper presents an overview of groundwater arsenic pollution in the Mekong delta: arsenic concentrations ranged from 1-1610 microg/L in Cambodia (average 217 microg/L) and 1-845 microg/L in southern Vietnam (average 39 microg/L), respectively. It also evaluates the situation in Red River delta where groundwater arsenic concentrations vary from 1-3050 microg/L (average 159 microg/L). In addition to rural areas, the drinking water supply of the city of Hanoi has elevated arsenic concentrations. The sediments of 12-40 m deep cores from the Red River delta contain arsenic levels of 2-33 microg/g (average 7 microg/g, dry weight) and show a remarkable correlation with sediment-bound iron. In all three areas, the groundwater arsenic pollution seem to be of natural origin and caused by reductive dissolution of arsenic-bearing iron phases buried in aquifers. The population at risk of chronic arsenic poisoning is estimated to be 10 million in the Red River delta and 0.5-1 million in the Mekong delta. A subset of hair samples collected in Vietnam and Cambodia from residents drinking groundwater with arsenic levels >50 microg/L have a significantly higher arsenic content than control groups (<50 microg/L). Few cases of arsenic related health problems are recognized in the study areas compared to Bangladesh and West Bengal. This difference probably relates to arsenic contaminated tube-well water only being used substantially over the past 7 to 10 years in Vietnam and Cambodia. Because symptoms of chronic arsenic poisoning usually take more than 10 years to develop, the number of future arsenic related ailments in Cambodia and Vietnam is likely to increase. Early mitigation measures should be a high priority.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0048-9697</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-1026</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.09.010</identifier><identifier>PMID: 17081593</identifier><identifier>CODEN: STENDL</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Shannon: Elsevier Science</publisher><subject>Air. Soil. Water. Waste. Feeding ; Applied sciences ; Arsenic - analysis ; Arsenic Poisoning - epidemiology ; Biological and medical sciences ; Cambodia - epidemiology ; Drinking water and swimming-pool water. Desalination ; Earth sciences ; Earth, ocean, space ; Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics ; Environment. Living conditions ; Environmental Monitoring - methods ; Epidemiological Monitoring ; Exact sciences and technology ; Geologic Sediments ; Groundwaters ; Hair - chemistry ; Humans ; Medical sciences ; Natural water pollution ; Pollution ; Pollution, environment geology ; Public health. Hygiene ; Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine ; Rivers ; Rural Population ; Vietnam - epidemiology ; Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis ; Water Supply ; Water treatment and pollution</subject><ispartof>The Science of the total environment, 2007, Vol.372 (2-3), p.413-425</ispartof><rights>2007 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c438t-cd5df75487f4aa41a2e3b9c7a5c649fbb17021801c3b31bc1faf0289e4a94e4a3</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,4010,27904,27905,27906</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=18429631$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17081593$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>BERG, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>STENGEL, Caroline</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>PHAM THI KIM TRANG</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>PHAM HUNG VIET</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>SAMPSON, Mickey L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>LENG, Moniphea</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>SAMRETH, Sopheap</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>FREDERICKS, David</creatorcontrib><title>Magnitude of arsenic pollution in the Mekong and Red River Deltas -Cambodia and Vietnam</title><title>The Science of the total environment</title><addtitle>Sci Total Environ</addtitle><description>Large alluvial deltas of the Mekong River in southern Vietnam and Cambodia and the Red River in northern Vietnam have groundwaters that are exploited for drinking water by private tube-wells, which are of increasing demand since the mid-1990s. This paper presents an overview of groundwater arsenic pollution in the Mekong delta: arsenic concentrations ranged from 1-1610 microg/L in Cambodia (average 217 microg/L) and 1-845 microg/L in southern Vietnam (average 39 microg/L), respectively. It also evaluates the situation in Red River delta where groundwater arsenic concentrations vary from 1-3050 microg/L (average 159 microg/L). In addition to rural areas, the drinking water supply of the city of Hanoi has elevated arsenic concentrations. The sediments of 12-40 m deep cores from the Red River delta contain arsenic levels of 2-33 microg/g (average 7 microg/g, dry weight) and show a remarkable correlation with sediment-bound iron. In all three areas, the groundwater arsenic pollution seem to be of natural origin and caused by reductive dissolution of arsenic-bearing iron phases buried in aquifers. The population at risk of chronic arsenic poisoning is estimated to be 10 million in the Red River delta and 0.5-1 million in the Mekong delta. A subset of hair samples collected in Vietnam and Cambodia from residents drinking groundwater with arsenic levels >50 microg/L have a significantly higher arsenic content than control groups (<50 microg/L). Few cases of arsenic related health problems are recognized in the study areas compared to Bangladesh and West Bengal. This difference probably relates to arsenic contaminated tube-well water only being used substantially over the past 7 to 10 years in Vietnam and Cambodia. Because symptoms of chronic arsenic poisoning usually take more than 10 years to develop, the number of future arsenic related ailments in Cambodia and Vietnam is likely to increase. Early mitigation measures should be a high priority.</description><subject>Air. Soil. Water. Waste. Feeding</subject><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Arsenic - analysis</subject><subject>Arsenic Poisoning - epidemiology</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Cambodia - epidemiology</subject><subject>Drinking water and swimming-pool water. Desalination</subject><subject>Earth sciences</subject><subject>Earth, ocean, space</subject><subject>Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics</subject><subject>Environment. Living conditions</subject><subject>Environmental Monitoring - methods</subject><subject>Epidemiological Monitoring</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Geologic Sediments</subject><subject>Groundwaters</subject><subject>Hair - chemistry</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Natural water pollution</subject><subject>Pollution</subject><subject>Pollution, environment geology</subject><subject>Public health. Hygiene</subject><subject>Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine</subject><subject>Rivers</subject><subject>Rural Population</subject><subject>Vietnam - epidemiology</subject><subject>Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis</subject><subject>Water Supply</subject><subject>Water treatment and pollution</subject><issn>0048-9697</issn><issn>1879-1026</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2007</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpFkE1v3CAQQFHUqtmk_Qspl_ZmFww2cKy2bRIpUaWqH0c0xkPC1oatwZH67-Mkq2SkmTnMGxg9Qt5zVnPGu0-7OrtQUsF4VzeMdTUzNePsiGy4VqbirOlekQ1jUlemM-qYnOS8Y2sozd-QY66Y5q0RG_LnGm5iKMuANHkKc8YYHN2ncVxKSJGGSMst0mv8m-INhTjQH7hmuMOZfsGxQKbVFqY-DQEex78DlgjTW_Law5jx3aGfkl_fvv7cXlRX388vt5-vKieFLpUb2sGrVmrlJYDk0KDojVPQuk4a3_frpQ3XjDvRC9477sGzRhuUYORaxCn5-PTufk7_FszFTiE7HEeImJZsG9MKqVu1guoJdHPKeUZv93OYYP5vObMPTu3OPju1D04tM3Z1um6eHb5Y-gmHl72DxBX4cAAgOxj9DNGF_MJp2ZhOcHEPjkSDBA</recordid><startdate>2007</startdate><enddate>2007</enddate><creator>BERG, Michael</creator><creator>STENGEL, Caroline</creator><creator>PHAM THI KIM TRANG</creator><creator>PHAM HUNG VIET</creator><creator>SAMPSON, Mickey L</creator><creator>LENG, Moniphea</creator><creator>SAMRETH, Sopheap</creator><creator>FREDERICKS, David</creator><general>Elsevier Science</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>KR7</scope></search><sort><creationdate>2007</creationdate><title>Magnitude of arsenic pollution in the Mekong and Red River Deltas -Cambodia and Vietnam</title><author>BERG, Michael ; STENGEL, Caroline ; PHAM THI KIM TRANG ; PHAM HUNG VIET ; SAMPSON, Mickey L ; LENG, Moniphea ; SAMRETH, Sopheap ; FREDERICKS, David</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c438t-cd5df75487f4aa41a2e3b9c7a5c649fbb17021801c3b31bc1faf0289e4a94e4a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2007</creationdate><topic>Air. Soil. Water. Waste. Feeding</topic><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>Arsenic - analysis</topic><topic>Arsenic Poisoning - epidemiology</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Cambodia - epidemiology</topic><topic>Drinking water and swimming-pool water. Desalination</topic><topic>Earth sciences</topic><topic>Earth, ocean, space</topic><topic>Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics</topic><topic>Environment. Living conditions</topic><topic>Environmental Monitoring - methods</topic><topic>Epidemiological Monitoring</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Geologic Sediments</topic><topic>Groundwaters</topic><topic>Hair - chemistry</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Natural water pollution</topic><topic>Pollution</topic><topic>Pollution, environment geology</topic><topic>Public health. Hygiene</topic><topic>Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine</topic><topic>Rivers</topic><topic>Rural Population</topic><topic>Vietnam - epidemiology</topic><topic>Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis</topic><topic>Water Supply</topic><topic>Water treatment and pollution</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>BERG, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>STENGEL, Caroline</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>PHAM THI KIM TRANG</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>PHAM HUNG VIET</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>SAMPSON, Mickey L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>LENG, Moniphea</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>SAMRETH, Sopheap</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>FREDERICKS, David</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><jtitle>The Science of the total environment</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>BERG, Michael</au><au>STENGEL, Caroline</au><au>PHAM THI KIM TRANG</au><au>PHAM HUNG VIET</au><au>SAMPSON, Mickey L</au><au>LENG, Moniphea</au><au>SAMRETH, Sopheap</au><au>FREDERICKS, David</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Magnitude of arsenic pollution in the Mekong and Red River Deltas -Cambodia and Vietnam</atitle><jtitle>The Science of the total environment</jtitle><addtitle>Sci Total Environ</addtitle><date>2007</date><risdate>2007</risdate><volume>372</volume><issue>2-3</issue><spage>413</spage><epage>425</epage><pages>413-425</pages><issn>0048-9697</issn><eissn>1879-1026</eissn><coden>STENDL</coden><abstract>Large alluvial deltas of the Mekong River in southern Vietnam and Cambodia and the Red River in northern Vietnam have groundwaters that are exploited for drinking water by private tube-wells, which are of increasing demand since the mid-1990s. This paper presents an overview of groundwater arsenic pollution in the Mekong delta: arsenic concentrations ranged from 1-1610 microg/L in Cambodia (average 217 microg/L) and 1-845 microg/L in southern Vietnam (average 39 microg/L), respectively. It also evaluates the situation in Red River delta where groundwater arsenic concentrations vary from 1-3050 microg/L (average 159 microg/L). In addition to rural areas, the drinking water supply of the city of Hanoi has elevated arsenic concentrations. The sediments of 12-40 m deep cores from the Red River delta contain arsenic levels of 2-33 microg/g (average 7 microg/g, dry weight) and show a remarkable correlation with sediment-bound iron. In all three areas, the groundwater arsenic pollution seem to be of natural origin and caused by reductive dissolution of arsenic-bearing iron phases buried in aquifers. The population at risk of chronic arsenic poisoning is estimated to be 10 million in the Red River delta and 0.5-1 million in the Mekong delta. A subset of hair samples collected in Vietnam and Cambodia from residents drinking groundwater with arsenic levels >50 microg/L have a significantly higher arsenic content than control groups (<50 microg/L). Few cases of arsenic related health problems are recognized in the study areas compared to Bangladesh and West Bengal. This difference probably relates to arsenic contaminated tube-well water only being used substantially over the past 7 to 10 years in Vietnam and Cambodia. Because symptoms of chronic arsenic poisoning usually take more than 10 years to develop, the number of future arsenic related ailments in Cambodia and Vietnam is likely to increase. Early mitigation measures should be a high priority.</abstract><cop>Shannon</cop><pub>Elsevier Science</pub><pmid>17081593</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.09.010</doi><tpages>13</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Air. Soil. Water. Waste. Feeding Applied sciences Arsenic - analysis Arsenic Poisoning - epidemiology Biological and medical sciences Cambodia - epidemiology Drinking water and swimming-pool water. Desalination Earth sciences Earth, ocean, space Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics Environment. Living conditions Environmental Monitoring - methods Epidemiological Monitoring Exact sciences and technology Geologic Sediments Groundwaters Hair - chemistry Humans Medical sciences Natural water pollution Pollution Pollution, environment geology Public health. Hygiene Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine Rivers Rural Population Vietnam - epidemiology Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis Water Supply Water treatment and pollution |
| title | Magnitude of arsenic pollution in the Mekong and Red River Deltas -Cambodia and Vietnam |
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