Real-world effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccination and age as effect modifier: A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of test-negative design studies
•Influenza vaccines provided moderate protection against influenza-related outpatient visit and hospitalization.•The effectiveness varied substantially by influenza type/subtype, with highest effectiveness against A/H1N1 and lowest against A/H3N2.•Both young adults and elderly manifested significant...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Vaccine 2024-03, Vol.42 (8), p.1883-1891 |
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| creator | Guo, Jinxin Chen, Xin Guo, Yu Liu, Mengze Li, Pei Tao, Yiming Liu, Zhike Yang, Zhirong Zhan, Siyan Sun, Feng |
| description | •Influenza vaccines provided moderate protection against influenza-related outpatient visit and hospitalization.•The effectiveness varied substantially by influenza type/subtype, with highest effectiveness against A/H1N1 and lowest against A/H3N2.•Both young adults and elderly manifested significantly decreased influenza vaccine effectiveness compared with children.
Under the global risk of epidemic rebound of influenza after COVID-19 outbreak, the study aimed to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) and to explore the potential effect modifiers.
We searched for test-negative design studies with IVE estimates published between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2022. We estimated pooled IVE using random-effects meta-analysis, and conducted meta-regression with study site, age, sex and comorbidity as explanatory variables.
We identified 2429 publications and included 191 in the meta-analysis. The pooled IVE was 41.4 % (95 % CI: 39.2–43.5 %) against any influenza. For specific strains, the IVE was 55.4 % (95 % CI: 52.7–58.1 %) against A/H1N1, 26.8 % (95 % CI: 23.5–29.9 %) against A/H3N2, 47.2 % (95 % CI: 38.1–54.9 %) against B/Yamagata, and 40.6 % (95 % CI: 23.7–53.7 %) against B/Victoria, and the effectiveness against A/H3N2 was significantly lower than A/H1N1 (p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.02.059 |
| format | Article |
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Under the global risk of epidemic rebound of influenza after COVID-19 outbreak, the study aimed to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) and to explore the potential effect modifiers.
We searched for test-negative design studies with IVE estimates published between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2022. We estimated pooled IVE using random-effects meta-analysis, and conducted meta-regression with study site, age, sex and comorbidity as explanatory variables.
We identified 2429 publications and included 191 in the meta-analysis. The pooled IVE was 41.4 % (95 % CI: 39.2–43.5 %) against any influenza. For specific strains, the IVE was 55.4 % (95 % CI: 52.7–58.1 %) against A/H1N1, 26.8 % (95 % CI: 23.5–29.9 %) against A/H3N2, 47.2 % (95 % CI: 38.1–54.9 %) against B/Yamagata, and 40.6 % (95 % CI: 23.7–53.7 %) against B/Victoria, and the effectiveness against A/H3N2 was significantly lower than A/H1N1 (p < 0.0001) and B/Yamagata (p < 0.0001). The pooled IVE was 39.2 % (95 % CI: 36.5–41.9 %) in preventing influenza-associated outpatient visit and 43.7 % (95 % CI: 39.7–47.4 %) in preventing influenza-related hospitalization. The IVE against any influenza was 48.6 % (95 % CI: 44.7–52.2 %) for children aged < 18 years, 36.7 % (95 % CI: 31.9–41.1 %) for adults aged 18–64 years, and 30.6 % (95 % CI: 26.2–34.8 %) for elderly aged ≥65 years. Meta-regression revealed that the IVE was associated with the average age of study participants, in which both young adults [relative odds ratio (ROR) = 1.225, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.099–1.365, p = 0.0002] and elderly (ROR = 1.245, 95 % CI: 1.083–1.431, p = 0.002) manifested a significantly decreased effectiveness compared with children.
Influenza vaccines provided moderate protection against laboratory-confirmed influenza and related outpatient visit and hospitalization. However, the effectiveness may vary substantially by virus type and age group, suggesting the necessity to tailor vaccination strategies especially for older individuals and against the A/H3N2 strain, and to promote annual immunization and annual analysis of vaccine effectiveness.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0264-410X</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1873-2518</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-2518</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.02.059</identifier><identifier>PMID: 38423813</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Netherlands: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Adult ; Adults ; Age ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Bias ; Children ; Comorbidity ; Confidence intervals ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 - epidemiology ; COVID-19 - immunology ; COVID-19 - prevention & control ; Effectiveness ; Estimates ; Humans ; Immunization ; Infections ; Influenza ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype - immunology ; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype - immunology ; Influenza B virus - immunology ; Influenza Vaccines - administration & dosage ; Influenza Vaccines - immunology ; Influenza, Human - epidemiology ; Influenza, Human - prevention & control ; Meta-analysis ; Meta-regression ; Middle Aged ; Older people ; Public health ; Regression ; Seasons ; Statistical analysis ; Systematic review ; Test-negative design ; Vaccination - statistics & numerical data ; Vaccine effectiveness ; Vaccine Efficacy ; Vaccines ; Variables ; Young adults</subject><ispartof>Vaccine, 2024-03, Vol.42 (8), p.1883-1891</ispartof><rights>2024 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>2024. Elsevier Ltd</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c341t-9b320217eb4275a972eb8b382c9ef0ada63f5cf7d9d53f0418de925d0c1ea6a23</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-4334-6805</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2956720062?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995,64385,64387,64389,72341</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38423813$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Guo, Jinxin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Xin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guo, Yu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Mengze</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Pei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tao, Yiming</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Zhike</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Zhirong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhan, Siyan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sun, Feng</creatorcontrib><title>Real-world effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccination and age as effect modifier: A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of test-negative design studies</title><title>Vaccine</title><addtitle>Vaccine</addtitle><description>•Influenza vaccines provided moderate protection against influenza-related outpatient visit and hospitalization.•The effectiveness varied substantially by influenza type/subtype, with highest effectiveness against A/H1N1 and lowest against A/H3N2.•Both young adults and elderly manifested significantly decreased influenza vaccine effectiveness compared with children.
Under the global risk of epidemic rebound of influenza after COVID-19 outbreak, the study aimed to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) and to explore the potential effect modifiers.
We searched for test-negative design studies with IVE estimates published between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2022. We estimated pooled IVE using random-effects meta-analysis, and conducted meta-regression with study site, age, sex and comorbidity as explanatory variables.
We identified 2429 publications and included 191 in the meta-analysis. The pooled IVE was 41.4 % (95 % CI: 39.2–43.5 %) against any influenza. For specific strains, the IVE was 55.4 % (95 % CI: 52.7–58.1 %) against A/H1N1, 26.8 % (95 % CI: 23.5–29.9 %) against A/H3N2, 47.2 % (95 % CI: 38.1–54.9 %) against B/Yamagata, and 40.6 % (95 % CI: 23.7–53.7 %) against B/Victoria, and the effectiveness against A/H3N2 was significantly lower than A/H1N1 (p < 0.0001) and B/Yamagata (p < 0.0001). The pooled IVE was 39.2 % (95 % CI: 36.5–41.9 %) in preventing influenza-associated outpatient visit and 43.7 % (95 % CI: 39.7–47.4 %) in preventing influenza-related hospitalization. The IVE against any influenza was 48.6 % (95 % CI: 44.7–52.2 %) for children aged < 18 years, 36.7 % (95 % CI: 31.9–41.1 %) for adults aged 18–64 years, and 30.6 % (95 % CI: 26.2–34.8 %) for elderly aged ≥65 years. Meta-regression revealed that the IVE was associated with the average age of study participants, in which both young adults [relative odds ratio (ROR) = 1.225, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.099–1.365, p = 0.0002] and elderly (ROR = 1.245, 95 % CI: 1.083–1.431, p = 0.002) manifested a significantly decreased effectiveness compared with children.
Influenza vaccines provided moderate protection against laboratory-confirmed influenza and related outpatient visit and hospitalization. However, the effectiveness may vary substantially by virus type and age group, suggesting the necessity to tailor vaccination strategies especially for older individuals and against the A/H3N2 strain, and to promote annual immunization and annual analysis of vaccine effectiveness.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Adults</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Age Factors</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Bias</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Comorbidity</subject><subject>Confidence intervals</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>COVID-19 - epidemiology</subject><subject>COVID-19 - immunology</subject><subject>COVID-19 - prevention & control</subject><subject>Effectiveness</subject><subject>Estimates</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immunization</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Influenza</subject><subject>Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype - immunology</subject><subject>Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype - immunology</subject><subject>Influenza B virus - immunology</subject><subject>Influenza Vaccines - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Influenza Vaccines - immunology</subject><subject>Influenza, Human - epidemiology</subject><subject>Influenza, Human - prevention & control</subject><subject>Meta-analysis</subject><subject>Meta-regression</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Older people</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Regression</subject><subject>Seasons</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Systematic review</subject><subject>Test-negative design</subject><subject>Vaccination - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Vaccine effectiveness</subject><subject>Vaccine Efficacy</subject><subject>Vaccines</subject><subject>Variables</subject><subject>Young adults</subject><issn>0264-410X</issn><issn>1873-2518</issn><issn>1873-2518</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkc2KFDEUhYMoTs_oIygBNy6sMj_162YYBkeFAUEU3IVUctOkqUrG3Koe2nfyHU1Nty7cuAqE75xz7z2EvOCs5Iw3b3flXhvjA5SCiapkomR1_4hseNfKQtS8e0w2TDRVUXH2_YycI-4YY7Xk_VNyJrtKyI7LDfn1BfRY3Mc0WgrOgZn9HgIg0ugogsYY9Eh9cOMC4aemx1A9-xioDpbqLVCNJymdovXOQ3pHrygecIYpk4Ym2Hu4f0MnmHWhs-EBPT7IH34SbFNOXC1z6Aw4FwG2ep2EWkC_DRTnxXrAZ-SJ0yPC89N7Qb7dvP96_bG4_fzh0_XVbWFkxeeiH2Q-Cm9hqERb674VMHSD7ITpwTFtdSNdbVxre1tLxyreWehFbZnhoBst5AV5ffS9S_HHkgdSk0cD46gDxAWV6OXqLNo-o6_-QXdxSXnHlaqbVjDWrIb1kTIpIiZw6i75SaeD4kytfaqdOvWp1j4VEyr3mXUvT-7LMIH9q_pTYAYujwDkc-QrJ4XGQzBgfcqNKBv9fyJ-A3Iqt6I</recordid><startdate>20240319</startdate><enddate>20240319</enddate><creator>Guo, Jinxin</creator><creator>Chen, Xin</creator><creator>Guo, Yu</creator><creator>Liu, Mengze</creator><creator>Li, Pei</creator><creator>Tao, Yiming</creator><creator>Liu, Zhike</creator><creator>Yang, Zhirong</creator><creator>Zhan, Siyan</creator><creator>Sun, Feng</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier Limited</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88C</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9-</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0R</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M0T</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4334-6805</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20240319</creationdate><title>Real-world effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccination and age as effect modifier: A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of test-negative design studies</title><author>Guo, Jinxin ; Chen, Xin ; Guo, Yu ; Liu, Mengze ; Li, Pei ; Tao, Yiming ; Liu, Zhike ; Yang, Zhirong ; Zhan, Siyan ; Sun, Feng</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c341t-9b320217eb4275a972eb8b382c9ef0ada63f5cf7d9d53f0418de925d0c1ea6a23</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Adults</topic><topic>Age</topic><topic>Age Factors</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Bias</topic><topic>Children</topic><topic>Comorbidity</topic><topic>Confidence intervals</topic><topic>COVID-19</topic><topic>COVID-19 - epidemiology</topic><topic>COVID-19 - immunology</topic><topic>COVID-19 - prevention & control</topic><topic>Effectiveness</topic><topic>Estimates</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immunization</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Influenza</topic><topic>Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype - immunology</topic><topic>Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype - immunology</topic><topic>Influenza B virus - immunology</topic><topic>Influenza Vaccines - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Influenza Vaccines - immunology</topic><topic>Influenza, Human - epidemiology</topic><topic>Influenza, Human - prevention & control</topic><topic>Meta-analysis</topic><topic>Meta-regression</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Older people</topic><topic>Public health</topic><topic>Regression</topic><topic>Seasons</topic><topic>Statistical analysis</topic><topic>Systematic review</topic><topic>Test-negative design</topic><topic>Vaccination - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Vaccine effectiveness</topic><topic>Vaccine Efficacy</topic><topic>Vaccines</topic><topic>Variables</topic><topic>Young adults</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Guo, Jinxin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Xin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guo, Yu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Mengze</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Pei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tao, Yiming</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Zhike</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Zhirong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhan, Siyan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sun, Feng</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Healthcare Administration Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Healthcare Administration Database</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Vaccine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Guo, Jinxin</au><au>Chen, Xin</au><au>Guo, Yu</au><au>Liu, Mengze</au><au>Li, Pei</au><au>Tao, Yiming</au><au>Liu, Zhike</au><au>Yang, Zhirong</au><au>Zhan, Siyan</au><au>Sun, Feng</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Real-world effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccination and age as effect modifier: A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of test-negative design studies</atitle><jtitle>Vaccine</jtitle><addtitle>Vaccine</addtitle><date>2024-03-19</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>42</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>1883</spage><epage>1891</epage><pages>1883-1891</pages><issn>0264-410X</issn><issn>1873-2518</issn><eissn>1873-2518</eissn><abstract>•Influenza vaccines provided moderate protection against influenza-related outpatient visit and hospitalization.•The effectiveness varied substantially by influenza type/subtype, with highest effectiveness against A/H1N1 and lowest against A/H3N2.•Both young adults and elderly manifested significantly decreased influenza vaccine effectiveness compared with children.
Under the global risk of epidemic rebound of influenza after COVID-19 outbreak, the study aimed to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) and to explore the potential effect modifiers.
We searched for test-negative design studies with IVE estimates published between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2022. We estimated pooled IVE using random-effects meta-analysis, and conducted meta-regression with study site, age, sex and comorbidity as explanatory variables.
We identified 2429 publications and included 191 in the meta-analysis. The pooled IVE was 41.4 % (95 % CI: 39.2–43.5 %) against any influenza. For specific strains, the IVE was 55.4 % (95 % CI: 52.7–58.1 %) against A/H1N1, 26.8 % (95 % CI: 23.5–29.9 %) against A/H3N2, 47.2 % (95 % CI: 38.1–54.9 %) against B/Yamagata, and 40.6 % (95 % CI: 23.7–53.7 %) against B/Victoria, and the effectiveness against A/H3N2 was significantly lower than A/H1N1 (p < 0.0001) and B/Yamagata (p < 0.0001). The pooled IVE was 39.2 % (95 % CI: 36.5–41.9 %) in preventing influenza-associated outpatient visit and 43.7 % (95 % CI: 39.7–47.4 %) in preventing influenza-related hospitalization. The IVE against any influenza was 48.6 % (95 % CI: 44.7–52.2 %) for children aged < 18 years, 36.7 % (95 % CI: 31.9–41.1 %) for adults aged 18–64 years, and 30.6 % (95 % CI: 26.2–34.8 %) for elderly aged ≥65 years. Meta-regression revealed that the IVE was associated with the average age of study participants, in which both young adults [relative odds ratio (ROR) = 1.225, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.099–1.365, p = 0.0002] and elderly (ROR = 1.245, 95 % CI: 1.083–1.431, p = 0.002) manifested a significantly decreased effectiveness compared with children.
Influenza vaccines provided moderate protection against laboratory-confirmed influenza and related outpatient visit and hospitalization. However, the effectiveness may vary substantially by virus type and age group, suggesting the necessity to tailor vaccination strategies especially for older individuals and against the A/H3N2 strain, and to promote annual immunization and annual analysis of vaccine effectiveness.</abstract><cop>Netherlands</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>38423813</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.02.059</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4334-6805</orcidid></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0264-410X |
| ispartof | Vaccine, 2024-03, Vol.42 (8), p.1883-1891 |
| issn | 0264-410X 1873-2518 1873-2518 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2934275279 |
| source | MEDLINE; ScienceDirect Journals (5 years ago - present); ProQuest Central UK/Ireland |
| subjects | Adult Adults Age Age Factors Aged Bias Children Comorbidity Confidence intervals COVID-19 COVID-19 - epidemiology COVID-19 - immunology COVID-19 - prevention & control Effectiveness Estimates Humans Immunization Infections Influenza Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype - immunology Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype - immunology Influenza B virus - immunology Influenza Vaccines - administration & dosage Influenza Vaccines - immunology Influenza, Human - epidemiology Influenza, Human - prevention & control Meta-analysis Meta-regression Middle Aged Older people Public health Regression Seasons Statistical analysis Systematic review Test-negative design Vaccination - statistics & numerical data Vaccine effectiveness Vaccine Efficacy Vaccines Variables Young adults |
| title | Real-world effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccination and age as effect modifier: A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of test-negative design studies |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-08T03%3A06%3A28IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Real-world%20effectiveness%20of%20seasonal%20influenza%20vaccination%20and%20age%20as%20effect%20modifier:%20A%20systematic%20review,%20meta-analysis%20and%20meta-regression%20of%20test-negative%20design%20studies&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.au=Guo,%20Jinxin&rft.date=2024-03-19&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1883&rft.epage=1891&rft.pages=1883-1891&rft.issn=0264-410X&rft.eissn=1873-2518&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.02.059&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E2956720062%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2956720062&rft_id=info:pmid/38423813&rft_els_id=S0264410X24002184&rfr_iscdi=true |