A Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly of the Non-Hematophagous Leech Whitmania pigra (Whitman 1884): Identification and Expression Analysis of Antithrombotic Genes
Despite being a non-hematophagous leech, is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of antithrombotic diseases. In this study, we provide a high quality genome of and based on which, we performed a systematic identification of the potential antithrombotic genes and their corres...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Genes 2024-01, Vol.15 (2), p.164 |
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| creator | Liu, Zichao Zhao, Fang Huang, Zuhao He, Bo Liu, Kaiqing Shi, Feng Zhao, Zheng Lin, Gonghua |
| description | Despite being a non-hematophagous leech,
is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of antithrombotic diseases. In this study, we provide a high quality genome of
and based on which, we performed a systematic identification of the potential antithrombotic genes and their corresponding proteins. We identified twenty antithrombotic gene families including thirteen coagulation inhibitors, three platelet aggregation inhibitors, three fibrinolysis enhancers, and one tissue penetration enhancer. Unexpectedly, a total of 79 antithrombotic genes were identified, more than a typical blood-feeding
, which had only 72 antithrombotic genes. In addition, combining with the RNA-seq data of
and
, we calculated the expression levels of antithrombotic genes of the two species. Five and four gene families had significantly higher and lower expression levels in
than in
, respectively. These results showed that the number and expression level of antithrombotic genes of a non-hematophagous leech are not always less than those of a hematophagous leech. Our study provides the most comprehensive collection of antithrombotic biomacromolecules from a non-hematophagous leech to date and will significantly enhance the investigation and utilization of leech derivatives in thrombosis therapy research and pharmaceutical applications. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/genes15020164 |
| format | Article |
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is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of antithrombotic diseases. In this study, we provide a high quality genome of
and based on which, we performed a systematic identification of the potential antithrombotic genes and their corresponding proteins. We identified twenty antithrombotic gene families including thirteen coagulation inhibitors, three platelet aggregation inhibitors, three fibrinolysis enhancers, and one tissue penetration enhancer. Unexpectedly, a total of 79 antithrombotic genes were identified, more than a typical blood-feeding
, which had only 72 antithrombotic genes. In addition, combining with the RNA-seq data of
and
, we calculated the expression levels of antithrombotic genes of the two species. Five and four gene families had significantly higher and lower expression levels in
than in
, respectively. These results showed that the number and expression level of antithrombotic genes of a non-hematophagous leech are not always less than those of a hematophagous leech. Our study provides the most comprehensive collection of antithrombotic biomacromolecules from a non-hematophagous leech to date and will significantly enhance the investigation and utilization of leech derivatives in thrombosis therapy research and pharmaceutical applications.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2073-4425</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2073-4425</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/genes15020164</identifier><identifier>PMID: 38397154</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Animals ; Anticoagulants ; Blood vessels ; Chromosomes ; Enhancers ; Fibrinolysis ; Fibrinolytic Agents ; Gene families ; Genes ; Genomes ; Genomics ; Humans ; Leeches - genetics ; Mollusks ; Platelet aggregation ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; R&D ; Research & development ; Thrombosis ; Thrombosis - genetics ; Traditional Chinese medicine ; Whitmania pigra</subject><ispartof>Genes, 2024-01, Vol.15 (2), p.164</ispartof><rights>2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c360t-1de0c14315ff2395d3677ea444e2ee344ff10fca86376a6b17263f278319261b3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c360t-1de0c14315ff2395d3677ea444e2ee344ff10fca86376a6b17263f278319261b3</cites><orcidid>0009-0004-7778-8892 ; 0000-0001-7670-7932</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38397154$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Liu, Zichao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Fang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Zuhao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>He, Bo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Kaiqing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shi, Feng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Zheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lin, Gonghua</creatorcontrib><title>A Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly of the Non-Hematophagous Leech Whitmania pigra (Whitman 1884): Identification and Expression Analysis of Antithrombotic Genes</title><title>Genes</title><addtitle>Genes (Basel)</addtitle><description>Despite being a non-hematophagous leech,
is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of antithrombotic diseases. In this study, we provide a high quality genome of
and based on which, we performed a systematic identification of the potential antithrombotic genes and their corresponding proteins. We identified twenty antithrombotic gene families including thirteen coagulation inhibitors, three platelet aggregation inhibitors, three fibrinolysis enhancers, and one tissue penetration enhancer. Unexpectedly, a total of 79 antithrombotic genes were identified, more than a typical blood-feeding
, which had only 72 antithrombotic genes. In addition, combining with the RNA-seq data of
and
, we calculated the expression levels of antithrombotic genes of the two species. Five and four gene families had significantly higher and lower expression levels in
than in
, respectively. These results showed that the number and expression level of antithrombotic genes of a non-hematophagous leech are not always less than those of a hematophagous leech. Our study provides the most comprehensive collection of antithrombotic biomacromolecules from a non-hematophagous leech to date and will significantly enhance the investigation and utilization of leech derivatives in thrombosis therapy research and pharmaceutical applications.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Anticoagulants</subject><subject>Blood vessels</subject><subject>Chromosomes</subject><subject>Enhancers</subject><subject>Fibrinolysis</subject><subject>Fibrinolytic Agents</subject><subject>Gene families</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Genomes</subject><subject>Genomics</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Leeches - genetics</subject><subject>Mollusks</subject><subject>Platelet aggregation</subject><subject>Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors</subject><subject>R&D</subject><subject>Research & development</subject><subject>Thrombosis</subject><subject>Thrombosis - genetics</subject><subject>Traditional Chinese medicine</subject><subject>Whitmania pigra</subject><issn>2073-4425</issn><issn>2073-4425</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkU1P3DAQhi0EAkQ59oos9UIPaf0VJ-ktWlFAWsEF1GPkJOONUWKnthd1_01_ap2yRZS5zLyjR_OhF6GPlHzhvCJfN2Ah0JwwQqU4QKeMFDwTguWHb-oTdB7CE0khEkjyY3TCS14VNBen6HeNV4N3kwtugmwNzzDia7BJ4DoEmNpxh53GcQB852x2A5OKbh7Uxm0DXgN0A_4xmDgpaxSezcYrfLlvYFqW4vM3fNuDjUabTkXjLFa2x1e_Zg8hLLK2atwFE5YtdeLick3roumWOyB8QEdajQHO9_kMPX6_eljdZOv769tVvc46LknMaA-ko4LTXGvGq7znsihACSGAAXAhtKZEd6qUvJBKtrRgkmtWlJxWTNKWn6HLl7mzdz-3EGIzmdDBOCoL6deGVZwRxgopEvrpHfrktj798ZcilagqRhOVvVCddyF40M3szaT8rqGkWdxr_nMv8Rf7qdt2gv6V_ucV_wNs0pVe</recordid><startdate>20240126</startdate><enddate>20240126</enddate><creator>Liu, Zichao</creator><creator>Zhao, Fang</creator><creator>Huang, Zuhao</creator><creator>He, Bo</creator><creator>Liu, Kaiqing</creator><creator>Shi, Feng</creator><creator>Zhao, Zheng</creator><creator>Lin, Gonghua</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7778-8892</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7670-7932</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20240126</creationdate><title>A Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly of the Non-Hematophagous Leech Whitmania pigra (Whitman 1884): Identification and Expression Analysis of Antithrombotic Genes</title><author>Liu, Zichao ; 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is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of antithrombotic diseases. In this study, we provide a high quality genome of
and based on which, we performed a systematic identification of the potential antithrombotic genes and their corresponding proteins. We identified twenty antithrombotic gene families including thirteen coagulation inhibitors, three platelet aggregation inhibitors, three fibrinolysis enhancers, and one tissue penetration enhancer. Unexpectedly, a total of 79 antithrombotic genes were identified, more than a typical blood-feeding
, which had only 72 antithrombotic genes. In addition, combining with the RNA-seq data of
and
, we calculated the expression levels of antithrombotic genes of the two species. Five and four gene families had significantly higher and lower expression levels in
than in
, respectively. These results showed that the number and expression level of antithrombotic genes of a non-hematophagous leech are not always less than those of a hematophagous leech. Our study provides the most comprehensive collection of antithrombotic biomacromolecules from a non-hematophagous leech to date and will significantly enhance the investigation and utilization of leech derivatives in thrombosis therapy research and pharmaceutical applications.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>38397154</pmid><doi>10.3390/genes15020164</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7778-8892</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7670-7932</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
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| ispartof | Genes, 2024-01, Vol.15 (2), p.164 |
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| source | MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; MEDLINE; PubMed Central; EZB Electronic Journals Library; PubMed Central Open Access |
| subjects | Animals Anticoagulants Blood vessels Chromosomes Enhancers Fibrinolysis Fibrinolytic Agents Gene families Genes Genomes Genomics Humans Leeches - genetics Mollusks Platelet aggregation Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors R&D Research & development Thrombosis Thrombosis - genetics Traditional Chinese medicine Whitmania pigra |
| title | A Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly of the Non-Hematophagous Leech Whitmania pigra (Whitman 1884): Identification and Expression Analysis of Antithrombotic Genes |
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