A mosquito salivary protein-driven influx of myeloid cells facilitates flavivirus transmission

Mosquitoes transmit many disease-relevant flaviviruses. Efficient viral transmission to mammalian hosts requires mosquito salivary factors. However, the specific salivary components facilitating viral transmission and their mechanisms of action remain largely unknown. Here, we show that a female mos...

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Veröffentlicht in:The EMBO journal 2024-05, Vol.43 (9), p.1690-1721
Hauptverfasser: Wang, Zhaoyang, Nie, Kaixiao, Liang, Yan, Niu, Jichen, Yu, Xi, Zhang, Oujia, Liu, Long, Shi, Xiaolu, Wang, Yibaina, Feng, Xuechun, Zhu, Yibin, Wang, Penghua, Cheng, Gong
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container_issue 9
container_start_page 1690
container_title The EMBO journal
container_volume 43
creator Wang, Zhaoyang
Nie, Kaixiao
Liang, Yan
Niu, Jichen
Yu, Xi
Zhang, Oujia
Liu, Long
Shi, Xiaolu
Wang, Yibaina
Feng, Xuechun
Zhu, Yibin
Wang, Penghua
Cheng, Gong
description Mosquitoes transmit many disease-relevant flaviviruses. Efficient viral transmission to mammalian hosts requires mosquito salivary factors. However, the specific salivary components facilitating viral transmission and their mechanisms of action remain largely unknown. Here, we show that a female mosquito salivary gland-specific protein, here named A. aegypti Neutrophil Recruitment Protein ( Aa NRP), facilitates the transmission of Zika and dengue viruses. Aa NRP promotes a rapid influx of neutrophils, followed by virus-susceptible myeloid cells toward mosquito bite sites, which facilitates establishment of local infection and systemic dissemination. Mechanistically, Aa NRP engages TLR1 and TLR4 of skin-resident macrophages and activates MyD88-dependent NF-κB signaling to induce the expression of neutrophil chemoattractants. Inhibition of MyD88-NF-κB signaling with the dietary phytochemical resveratrol reduces Aa NRP-mediated enhancement of flavivirus transmission by mosquitoes. These findings exemplify how salivary components can aid viral transmission, and suggest a potential prophylactic target. Synopsis Mosquito saliva contains factors that promote flavivirus infection in the animal host. This study reveals that the mosquito salivary protein Aa NRP mediates cutaneous recruitment of flavivirus-susceptible myeloid cells to mosquito bite sites, thus aiding flavivirus transmission. Aa NRP is a female-mosquito-specific salivary protein. Aa NRP stimulates skin-resident macrophages via TLR1/4-MyD88-NF-κB signaling to release chemoattractants for neutrophils. The Aa NRP-induced influx of myeloid cells promotes flaviviral cutaneous infection. Dietary supplementation with resveratrol suppresses Aa NRP-promoted flavivirus transmission by mosquitoes. Aa NRP is a female-specific mosquito salivary protein that promotes Zika and dengue virus infection by stimulating skin macrophage-dependent neutrophil recruitment.
doi_str_mv 10.1038/s44318-024-00056-x
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Efficient viral transmission to mammalian hosts requires mosquito salivary factors. However, the specific salivary components facilitating viral transmission and their mechanisms of action remain largely unknown. Here, we show that a female mosquito salivary gland-specific protein, here named A. aegypti Neutrophil Recruitment Protein ( Aa NRP), facilitates the transmission of Zika and dengue viruses. Aa NRP promotes a rapid influx of neutrophils, followed by virus-susceptible myeloid cells toward mosquito bite sites, which facilitates establishment of local infection and systemic dissemination. Mechanistically, Aa NRP engages TLR1 and TLR4 of skin-resident macrophages and activates MyD88-dependent NF-κB signaling to induce the expression of neutrophil chemoattractants. Inhibition of MyD88-NF-κB signaling with the dietary phytochemical resveratrol reduces Aa NRP-mediated enhancement of flavivirus transmission by mosquitoes. These findings exemplify how salivary components can aid viral transmission, and suggest a potential prophylactic target. Synopsis Mosquito saliva contains factors that promote flavivirus infection in the animal host. This study reveals that the mosquito salivary protein Aa NRP mediates cutaneous recruitment of flavivirus-susceptible myeloid cells to mosquito bite sites, thus aiding flavivirus transmission. Aa NRP is a female-mosquito-specific salivary protein. Aa NRP stimulates skin-resident macrophages via TLR1/4-MyD88-NF-κB signaling to release chemoattractants for neutrophils. The Aa NRP-induced influx of myeloid cells promotes flaviviral cutaneous infection. Dietary supplementation with resveratrol suppresses Aa NRP-promoted flavivirus transmission by mosquitoes. 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Efficient viral transmission to mammalian hosts requires mosquito salivary factors. However, the specific salivary components facilitating viral transmission and their mechanisms of action remain largely unknown. Here, we show that a female mosquito salivary gland-specific protein, here named A. aegypti Neutrophil Recruitment Protein ( Aa NRP), facilitates the transmission of Zika and dengue viruses. Aa NRP promotes a rapid influx of neutrophils, followed by virus-susceptible myeloid cells toward mosquito bite sites, which facilitates establishment of local infection and systemic dissemination. Mechanistically, Aa NRP engages TLR1 and TLR4 of skin-resident macrophages and activates MyD88-dependent NF-κB signaling to induce the expression of neutrophil chemoattractants. Inhibition of MyD88-NF-κB signaling with the dietary phytochemical resveratrol reduces Aa NRP-mediated enhancement of flavivirus transmission by mosquitoes. 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Efficient viral transmission to mammalian hosts requires mosquito salivary factors. However, the specific salivary components facilitating viral transmission and their mechanisms of action remain largely unknown. Here, we show that a female mosquito salivary gland-specific protein, here named A. aegypti Neutrophil Recruitment Protein ( Aa NRP), facilitates the transmission of Zika and dengue viruses. Aa NRP promotes a rapid influx of neutrophils, followed by virus-susceptible myeloid cells toward mosquito bite sites, which facilitates establishment of local infection and systemic dissemination. Mechanistically, Aa NRP engages TLR1 and TLR4 of skin-resident macrophages and activates MyD88-dependent NF-κB signaling to induce the expression of neutrophil chemoattractants. Inhibition of MyD88-NF-κB signaling with the dietary phytochemical resveratrol reduces Aa NRP-mediated enhancement of flavivirus transmission by mosquitoes. These findings exemplify how salivary components can aid viral transmission, and suggest a potential prophylactic target. Synopsis Mosquito saliva contains factors that promote flavivirus infection in the animal host. This study reveals that the mosquito salivary protein Aa NRP mediates cutaneous recruitment of flavivirus-susceptible myeloid cells to mosquito bite sites, thus aiding flavivirus transmission. Aa NRP is a female-mosquito-specific salivary protein. Aa NRP stimulates skin-resident macrophages via TLR1/4-MyD88-NF-κB signaling to release chemoattractants for neutrophils. The Aa NRP-induced influx of myeloid cells promotes flaviviral cutaneous infection. Dietary supplementation with resveratrol suppresses Aa NRP-promoted flavivirus transmission by mosquitoes. Aa NRP is a female-specific mosquito salivary protein that promotes Zika and dengue virus infection by stimulating skin macrophage-dependent neutrophil recruitment.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>38378891</pmid><doi>10.1038/s44318-024-00056-x</doi><tpages>32</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7332-1871</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7447-5488</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2773-2474</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1265-7603</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects Aedes - metabolism
Aedes - virology
Animals
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Dengue - metabolism
Dengue - transmission
Dengue - virology
Dengue Virus - physiology
EMBO19
EMBO23
Female
Insect Proteins - metabolism
Life Sciences
Mice
Mosquito Vectors - virology
Myeloid Cells - metabolism
Myeloid Cells - virology
Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 - genetics
Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 - metabolism
NF-kappa B - metabolism
Salivary Proteins and Peptides - metabolism
Signal Transduction
Zika Virus - physiology
Zika Virus Infection - metabolism
Zika Virus Infection - transmission
Zika Virus Infection - virology
title A mosquito salivary protein-driven influx of myeloid cells facilitates flavivirus transmission
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