Best practices for implementation of Kamishibai cards in the healthcare setting to improve nursing‐sensitive indicator associated outcomes: An integrative review

Background Many adverse events are identified as nursing‐sensitive indicators (NSIs) and have evidence‐based care bundles known to reduce risk of occurrence. Kamishibai cards are a tool from the manufacturing industry used for practice auditing and improvements. Use of Kamishibai cards is believed to be common in the healthcare setting, but true evidence‐based guidelines do not yet exist to guide their implementation. Aims The aim of this integrative review was to identify best practices around the implementation of Kamishibai cards in the healthcare setting for improvement in NSI‐associated outcomes. Methods Eleven nurses at three facilities worked through the evidence using the Johns Hopkins Evidence‐Based Practice Model. Results Ten articles were included for this review. Broad themes included direct observation with non‐punitive and timely feedback, clearly visualized results, use of evidence‐based care bundles, pre‐implementation education, and both leadership and frontline‐staff involvement. All facilities showed improvement in NSI‐associated outcomes after the implementation of K‐cards. Linking Action to Action In health care, K‐cards can be implemented and designed with additional focus on the bundles of care they are intended to audit and staff support, but further evidence would better define guidelines around implementation.