A high loading nanocarrier for the 5-fluorouracil anticancer drug based on chloromethylated graphene
In the present work, we report a facile and simple strategy to functionalize graphene with the chloromethyl (CH 2 Cl) functional group as a nanoplatform for effectual loading of the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) anticancer drug. To achieve the highest loading capacity, hydrochloric acid concentration, the q...
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creator | Safaiee, R Aminzadeh, H Sardarian, A. R Nasresfahani, Sh Sheikhi, M. H |
description | In the present work, we report a facile and simple strategy to functionalize graphene with the chloromethyl (CH
2
Cl) functional group as a nanoplatform for effectual loading of the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) anticancer drug. To achieve the highest loading capacity, hydrochloric acid concentration, the quantity of paraformaldehyde, ultrasonic treatment time, and stirring duration were all carefully optimized. The results revealed that the optimum conditions for functionalizing graphene were obtained at 70 mL of hydrochloric acid, 700 mg of paraformaldehyde, and times of 35 min and 2 h of ultrasonication and stirring. Later, the drug (5-FU) was loaded onto CH
2
Cl-functionalized graphene through hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions. The chemical structure of the functionalized material and the loading of the 5-FU drug were confirmed by FTIR analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The 5-FU loading capacity of as-prepared materials was determined using the ion chromatography instrument. Our findings demonstrate that chloromethylated graphene is a very excellent nano-platform for high-efficiency drug loading, yielding a loading capacity of 52.3%, comparatively higher than pure graphene (36.54%).
In the present work, we report a facile and simple strategy to functionalize graphene with the chloromethyl (CH
2
Cl) functional group as a nanoplatform for effectual loading of the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) anticancer drug. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1039/d3cp04211a |
format | Article |
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2
Cl) functional group as a nanoplatform for effectual loading of the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) anticancer drug. To achieve the highest loading capacity, hydrochloric acid concentration, the quantity of paraformaldehyde, ultrasonic treatment time, and stirring duration were all carefully optimized. The results revealed that the optimum conditions for functionalizing graphene were obtained at 70 mL of hydrochloric acid, 700 mg of paraformaldehyde, and times of 35 min and 2 h of ultrasonication and stirring. Later, the drug (5-FU) was loaded onto CH
2
Cl-functionalized graphene through hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions. The chemical structure of the functionalized material and the loading of the 5-FU drug were confirmed by FTIR analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The 5-FU loading capacity of as-prepared materials was determined using the ion chromatography instrument. Our findings demonstrate that chloromethylated graphene is a very excellent nano-platform for high-efficiency drug loading, yielding a loading capacity of 52.3%, comparatively higher than pure graphene (36.54%).
In the present work, we report a facile and simple strategy to functionalize graphene with the chloromethyl (CH
2
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2
Cl) functional group as a nanoplatform for effectual loading of the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) anticancer drug. To achieve the highest loading capacity, hydrochloric acid concentration, the quantity of paraformaldehyde, ultrasonic treatment time, and stirring duration were all carefully optimized. The results revealed that the optimum conditions for functionalizing graphene were obtained at 70 mL of hydrochloric acid, 700 mg of paraformaldehyde, and times of 35 min and 2 h of ultrasonication and stirring. Later, the drug (5-FU) was loaded onto CH
2
Cl-functionalized graphene through hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions. The chemical structure of the functionalized material and the loading of the 5-FU drug were confirmed by FTIR analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The 5-FU loading capacity of as-prepared materials was determined using the ion chromatography instrument. Our findings demonstrate that chloromethylated graphene is a very excellent nano-platform for high-efficiency drug loading, yielding a loading capacity of 52.3%, comparatively higher than pure graphene (36.54%).
In the present work, we report a facile and simple strategy to functionalize graphene with the chloromethyl (CH
2
Cl) functional group as a nanoplatform for effectual loading of the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) anticancer drug.</description><subject>Antineoplastic Agents - chemistry</subject><subject>Cancer</subject><subject>Drug Carriers - chemistry</subject><subject>Drug Delivery Systems</subject><subject>Fluorouracil - chemistry</subject><subject>Formaldehyde</subject><subject>Functional groups</subject><subject>Graphene</subject><subject>Graphite - chemistry</subject><subject>Hydrochloric Acid</subject><subject>Hydrogen bonding</subject><subject>Photoelectrons</subject><subject>Polymers</subject><subject>Stirring</subject><subject>Ultrasonic processing</subject><subject>X ray photoelectron spectroscopy</subject><issn>1463-9076</issn><issn>1463-9084</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpd0c9LwzAUB_AgitPpxbsS8CJCNWmaX8cxf8JAD3ouaZqsHV0yk_aw_97MzQme8kg-PN77BoALjO4wIvK-JnqFihxjdQBOcMFIJpEoDvc1ZyNwGuMCIYQpJsdgRATBlEt0AuoJbNp5Azuv6tbNoVPOaxVCawK0PsC-MZBmtht88ENQuu2gcn2rldNJ1GGYw0pFU0PvoG66pJamb9ad6tPdPKhVY5w5A0dWddGc784x-Hx6_Ji-ZLO359fpZJbpXLI-05pWxOaVEZjZQkphK6ElZ0Ipw41ClbCY1oSTgklitbC8lqSiDFHGc15QMgY3276r4L8GE_ty2UZtuk4544dY5jLPJUUyhTAG1__oIu3n0nQbxUghcy6Sut0qHXyMwdhyFdqlCusSo3KTfflApu8_2U8Svtq1HKqlqff0N-wELrcgRL1__fs88g3dM4iK</recordid><startdate>20240214</startdate><enddate>20240214</enddate><creator>Safaiee, R</creator><creator>Aminzadeh, H</creator><creator>Sardarian, A. R</creator><creator>Nasresfahani, Sh</creator><creator>Sheikhi, M. H</creator><general>Royal Society of Chemistry</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8525-387X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1442-8177</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9368-4776</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20240214</creationdate><title>A high loading nanocarrier for the 5-fluorouracil anticancer drug based on chloromethylated graphene</title><author>Safaiee, R ; Aminzadeh, H ; Sardarian, A. R ; Nasresfahani, Sh ; Sheikhi, M. H</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c296t-cc5b3f2be816f4998fb8c9768aae7ea0b8f15d3734693fc8f7d93b56056727453</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Antineoplastic Agents - chemistry</topic><topic>Cancer</topic><topic>Drug Carriers - chemistry</topic><topic>Drug Delivery Systems</topic><topic>Fluorouracil - chemistry</topic><topic>Formaldehyde</topic><topic>Functional groups</topic><topic>Graphene</topic><topic>Graphite - chemistry</topic><topic>Hydrochloric Acid</topic><topic>Hydrogen bonding</topic><topic>Photoelectrons</topic><topic>Polymers</topic><topic>Stirring</topic><topic>Ultrasonic processing</topic><topic>X ray photoelectron spectroscopy</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Safaiee, R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aminzadeh, H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sardarian, A. R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nasresfahani, Sh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sheikhi, M. H</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Safaiee, R</au><au>Aminzadeh, H</au><au>Sardarian, A. R</au><au>Nasresfahani, Sh</au><au>Sheikhi, M. H</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A high loading nanocarrier for the 5-fluorouracil anticancer drug based on chloromethylated graphene</atitle><jtitle>Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP</jtitle><addtitle>Phys Chem Chem Phys</addtitle><date>2024-02-14</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>26</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>641</spage><epage>6419</epage><pages>641-6419</pages><issn>1463-9076</issn><eissn>1463-9084</eissn><abstract>In the present work, we report a facile and simple strategy to functionalize graphene with the chloromethyl (CH
2
Cl) functional group as a nanoplatform for effectual loading of the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) anticancer drug. To achieve the highest loading capacity, hydrochloric acid concentration, the quantity of paraformaldehyde, ultrasonic treatment time, and stirring duration were all carefully optimized. The results revealed that the optimum conditions for functionalizing graphene were obtained at 70 mL of hydrochloric acid, 700 mg of paraformaldehyde, and times of 35 min and 2 h of ultrasonication and stirring. Later, the drug (5-FU) was loaded onto CH
2
Cl-functionalized graphene through hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions. The chemical structure of the functionalized material and the loading of the 5-FU drug were confirmed by FTIR analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The 5-FU loading capacity of as-prepared materials was determined using the ion chromatography instrument. Our findings demonstrate that chloromethylated graphene is a very excellent nano-platform for high-efficiency drug loading, yielding a loading capacity of 52.3%, comparatively higher than pure graphene (36.54%).
In the present work, we report a facile and simple strategy to functionalize graphene with the chloromethyl (CH
2
Cl) functional group as a nanoplatform for effectual loading of the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) anticancer drug.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Royal Society of Chemistry</pub><pmid>38315790</pmid><doi>10.1039/d3cp04211a</doi><tpages>1</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8525-387X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1442-8177</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9368-4776</orcidid></addata></record> |
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subjects | Antineoplastic Agents - chemistry Cancer Drug Carriers - chemistry Drug Delivery Systems Fluorouracil - chemistry Formaldehyde Functional groups Graphene Graphite - chemistry Hydrochloric Acid Hydrogen bonding Photoelectrons Polymers Stirring Ultrasonic processing X ray photoelectron spectroscopy |
title | A high loading nanocarrier for the 5-fluorouracil anticancer drug based on chloromethylated graphene |
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