A Critical Review of Groundwater Table Fluctuation: Formation, Effects on Multifields, and Contaminant Behaviors in a Soil and Aquifer System

The groundwater table fluctuation (GTF) zone is an important medium for the hydrologic cycle between unsaturated soil and saturated aquifers, which accelerates the migration, transformation, and redistribution of contaminants and further poses a potential environmental risk to humans. In this review...

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Veröffentlicht in:Environmental science & technology 2024-02, Vol.58 (5), p.2185-2203
Hauptverfasser: Wei, Yaqiang, Chen, Yuling, Cao, Xinde, Xiang, Minghui, Huang, Yuan, Li, Hui
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container_issue 5
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container_title Environmental science & technology
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creator Wei, Yaqiang
Chen, Yuling
Cao, Xinde
Xiang, Minghui
Huang, Yuan
Li, Hui
description The groundwater table fluctuation (GTF) zone is an important medium for the hydrologic cycle between unsaturated soil and saturated aquifers, which accelerates the migration, transformation, and redistribution of contaminants and further poses a potential environmental risk to humans. In this review, we clarify the key processes in the generation of the GTF zone and examine its links with the variation of the hydrodynamic and hydrochemistry field, colloid mobilization, and contaminant migration and transformation. Driven by groundwater recharge and discharge, GTF regulates water flow and the movement of the capillary fringe, which further control the advection and dispersion of contaminants in soil and groundwater. In addition, the formation and variation of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) waterfall are impacted by GTF. The changing ROS components partially determine the characteristic transformation of solutes and the dynamic redistribution of the microbial population. GTF facilitates the migration and transformation of contaminants (such as nitrogen, heavy metals, non-aqueous phase liquids, and volatile organic compounds) through colloid mobilization, the co-migration effect, and variation of the hydrodynamic and hydrochemistry fields. In conclusion, this review illustrates the limitations of the current literature on GTF, and the significance of GTF zones in the underground environment is underscored by expounding on the future directions and prospects.
doi_str_mv 10.1021/acs.est.3c08543
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source MEDLINE; American Chemical Society Journals
subjects Aquifer systems
Aquifers
Colloids
Contaminants
Environmental risk
Groundwater
Groundwater - chemistry
Groundwater discharge
Groundwater levels
Groundwater recharge
Heavy metals
Humans
Hydrologic cycle
Microorganisms
Nonaqueous phase liquids
Organic compounds
Reactive Oxygen Species
Review
Reviews
Saturated soils
Soil
Soil contamination
Soil pollution
Solutes
Unsaturated soils
Variation
VOCs
Volatile organic compounds
Water discharge
Water flow
Water Movements
Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis
Water table
Waterfalls
title A Critical Review of Groundwater Table Fluctuation: Formation, Effects on Multifields, and Contaminant Behaviors in a Soil and Aquifer System
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