Detailed aggregate exposure analysis shows that exposure to fragrance ingredients in consumer products is low: Many orders of magnitude below thresholds of concern
The Research Institute for Fragrance Materials (RIFM) and Creme Global Cremeglobal.com partnered to develop an aggregate exposure model for fragrance ingredients. The model provides a realistic estimate of the total exposure of fragrance ingredients to individuals across a population. The Threshold...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology 2024-03, Vol.148, p.105569-105569, Article 105569 |
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| container_title | Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology |
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| creator | Lee, Isabelle Scrochi, Cesar Chon, Olive Cancellieri, Mary Ann Ghosh, Ambarnil O'Brien, John Ring, Brendan McNamara, Cronan Api, Anne Marie |
| description | The Research Institute for Fragrance Materials (RIFM) and Creme Global Cremeglobal.com partnered to develop an aggregate exposure model for fragrance ingredients. The model provides a realistic estimate of the total exposure of fragrance ingredients to individuals across a population. The Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC) and Dermal Sensitization Threshold (DST) were used to demonstrate the magnitude of low exposure to fragrance materials. The total chronic systemic, inhalation, and dermal 95th percentile exposures on approximately 3000 fragrance ingredients in RIFM's inventory were compared to their respective TTC or DST. Additionally, representative fragrance ingredients were randomly selected and analyzed for exposure distribution by product type (i.e., cosmetic/personal care, household care, oral care, and air care) and route of exposure. It was found that 76 % of fragrance ingredients fall below their respective TTC limits when compared to 95th percentile systemic exposure, while 99 % are below inhalation TTC limits. The lowest 95th percentile aggregate exposure by product type was from household care products, then air care, and oral care products. The highest exposure was from personal care/cosmetic products. The volume of use for most fragrance ingredients (63 %) was |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.yrtph.2024.105569 |
| format | Article |
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•The Creme RIFM Aggregate Exposure model provides a realistic estimate of exposure.•Aggregate exposure of approximately 3000 fragrance ingredients was assessed.•76 % and 99 % of fragrance ingredients fall below the systemic and respiratory TTC.•Household care and air care products have the lowest exposures by product type.•Oral and personal care/cosmetic products have the highest exposures by product type.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0273-2300</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1096-0295</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2024.105569</identifier><identifier>PMID: 38286303</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Netherlands: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Aggregate exposure ; Consumer Product Safety ; Cosmetics - toxicity ; Creme RIFM aggregate exposure model ; DST ; Exposure ; Fragrance ingredient ; Fragrance safety ; Household Products - toxicity ; Humans ; Odorants ; Perfume ; Risk Assessment ; Safety assessment ; TTC</subject><ispartof>Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology, 2024-03, Vol.148, p.105569-105569, Article 105569</ispartof><rights>2024 The Authors</rights><rights>Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c354t-c53f533b361e335e3bb99a85c7a54918205f6ba4110f16435688073e7f0a60733</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-4125-2610</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0273230024000102$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27901,27902,65306</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38286303$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lee, Isabelle</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Scrochi, Cesar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chon, Olive</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cancellieri, Mary Ann</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ghosh, Ambarnil</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>O'Brien, John</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ring, Brendan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McNamara, Cronan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Api, Anne Marie</creatorcontrib><title>Detailed aggregate exposure analysis shows that exposure to fragrance ingredients in consumer products is low: Many orders of magnitude below thresholds of concern</title><title>Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology</title><addtitle>Regul Toxicol Pharmacol</addtitle><description>The Research Institute for Fragrance Materials (RIFM) and Creme Global Cremeglobal.com partnered to develop an aggregate exposure model for fragrance ingredients. The model provides a realistic estimate of the total exposure of fragrance ingredients to individuals across a population. The Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC) and Dermal Sensitization Threshold (DST) were used to demonstrate the magnitude of low exposure to fragrance materials. The total chronic systemic, inhalation, and dermal 95th percentile exposures on approximately 3000 fragrance ingredients in RIFM's inventory were compared to their respective TTC or DST. Additionally, representative fragrance ingredients were randomly selected and analyzed for exposure distribution by product type (i.e., cosmetic/personal care, household care, oral care, and air care) and route of exposure. It was found that 76 % of fragrance ingredients fall below their respective TTC limits when compared to 95th percentile systemic exposure, while 99 % are below inhalation TTC limits. The lowest 95th percentile aggregate exposure by product type was from household care products, then air care, and oral care products. The highest exposure was from personal care/cosmetic products. The volume of use for most fragrance ingredients (63 %) was <1 metric ton, estimating that environmental exposure to fragrance ingredients is likely low.
•The Creme RIFM Aggregate Exposure model provides a realistic estimate of exposure.•Aggregate exposure of approximately 3000 fragrance ingredients was assessed.•76 % and 99 % of fragrance ingredients fall below the systemic and respiratory TTC.•Household care and air care products have the lowest exposures by product type.•Oral and personal care/cosmetic products have the highest exposures by product type.</description><subject>Aggregate exposure</subject><subject>Consumer Product Safety</subject><subject>Cosmetics - toxicity</subject><subject>Creme RIFM aggregate exposure model</subject><subject>DST</subject><subject>Exposure</subject><subject>Fragrance ingredient</subject><subject>Fragrance safety</subject><subject>Household Products - toxicity</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Odorants</subject><subject>Perfume</subject><subject>Risk Assessment</subject><subject>Safety assessment</subject><subject>TTC</subject><issn>0273-2300</issn><issn>1096-0295</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9UcuO1DAQtBCIHRa-AAn5yCVD244TB4kDWp7SIi5wthynk_EosQfb2WW-hx_Fs7PAjZNbXVVd7S5CnjPYMmDNq_32GPNht-XA69KRsukekA2DrqmAd_Ih2QBvRcUFwAV5ktIeALhS7WNyIRRXjQCxIb_eYTZuxoGaaYo4mYwUfx5CWiNS4818TC7RtAu3ieadyf_AHOgYzRSNt0idL-LBoc-p1NQGn9YFIz3EMKz21Ex0Drev6RfjjzTEAWOiYaSLmbzL64C0x4IXi4jFbB7u0DLGYvRPyaPRzAmf3b-X5PuH99-uPlXXXz9-vnp7XVkh61xZKUYpRC8ahkJIFH3fdUZJ2xpZd0xxkGPTm5oxGFlTC9koBa3AdgTTlEJckpfnuWXrHyumrBeXLM6z8RjWpHnHgSklWyhUcabaGFKKOOpDdIuJR81An9LRe32Xjj6lo8_pFNWLe4O1X3D4q_kTRyG8OROwfPPGYdTJlqPactqINushuP8a_AZUtqT5</recordid><startdate>202403</startdate><enddate>202403</enddate><creator>Lee, Isabelle</creator><creator>Scrochi, Cesar</creator><creator>Chon, Olive</creator><creator>Cancellieri, Mary Ann</creator><creator>Ghosh, Ambarnil</creator><creator>O'Brien, John</creator><creator>Ring, Brendan</creator><creator>McNamara, Cronan</creator><creator>Api, Anne Marie</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><scope>6I.</scope><scope>AAFTH</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4125-2610</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202403</creationdate><title>Detailed aggregate exposure analysis shows that exposure to fragrance ingredients in consumer products is low: Many orders of magnitude below thresholds of concern</title><author>Lee, Isabelle ; Scrochi, Cesar ; Chon, Olive ; Cancellieri, Mary Ann ; Ghosh, Ambarnil ; O'Brien, John ; Ring, Brendan ; McNamara, Cronan ; Api, Anne Marie</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c354t-c53f533b361e335e3bb99a85c7a54918205f6ba4110f16435688073e7f0a60733</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Aggregate exposure</topic><topic>Consumer Product Safety</topic><topic>Cosmetics - toxicity</topic><topic>Creme RIFM aggregate exposure model</topic><topic>DST</topic><topic>Exposure</topic><topic>Fragrance ingredient</topic><topic>Fragrance safety</topic><topic>Household Products - toxicity</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Odorants</topic><topic>Perfume</topic><topic>Risk Assessment</topic><topic>Safety assessment</topic><topic>TTC</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lee, Isabelle</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Scrochi, Cesar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chon, Olive</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cancellieri, Mary Ann</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ghosh, Ambarnil</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>O'Brien, John</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ring, Brendan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McNamara, Cronan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Api, Anne Marie</creatorcontrib><collection>ScienceDirect Open Access Titles</collection><collection>Elsevier:ScienceDirect:Open Access</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lee, Isabelle</au><au>Scrochi, Cesar</au><au>Chon, Olive</au><au>Cancellieri, Mary Ann</au><au>Ghosh, Ambarnil</au><au>O'Brien, John</au><au>Ring, Brendan</au><au>McNamara, Cronan</au><au>Api, Anne Marie</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Detailed aggregate exposure analysis shows that exposure to fragrance ingredients in consumer products is low: Many orders of magnitude below thresholds of concern</atitle><jtitle>Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology</jtitle><addtitle>Regul Toxicol Pharmacol</addtitle><date>2024-03</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>148</volume><spage>105569</spage><epage>105569</epage><pages>105569-105569</pages><artnum>105569</artnum><issn>0273-2300</issn><eissn>1096-0295</eissn><abstract>The Research Institute for Fragrance Materials (RIFM) and Creme Global Cremeglobal.com partnered to develop an aggregate exposure model for fragrance ingredients. The model provides a realistic estimate of the total exposure of fragrance ingredients to individuals across a population. The Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC) and Dermal Sensitization Threshold (DST) were used to demonstrate the magnitude of low exposure to fragrance materials. The total chronic systemic, inhalation, and dermal 95th percentile exposures on approximately 3000 fragrance ingredients in RIFM's inventory were compared to their respective TTC or DST. Additionally, representative fragrance ingredients were randomly selected and analyzed for exposure distribution by product type (i.e., cosmetic/personal care, household care, oral care, and air care) and route of exposure. It was found that 76 % of fragrance ingredients fall below their respective TTC limits when compared to 95th percentile systemic exposure, while 99 % are below inhalation TTC limits. The lowest 95th percentile aggregate exposure by product type was from household care products, then air care, and oral care products. The highest exposure was from personal care/cosmetic products. The volume of use for most fragrance ingredients (63 %) was <1 metric ton, estimating that environmental exposure to fragrance ingredients is likely low.
•The Creme RIFM Aggregate Exposure model provides a realistic estimate of exposure.•Aggregate exposure of approximately 3000 fragrance ingredients was assessed.•76 % and 99 % of fragrance ingredients fall below the systemic and respiratory TTC.•Household care and air care products have the lowest exposures by product type.•Oral and personal care/cosmetic products have the highest exposures by product type.</abstract><cop>Netherlands</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>38286303</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.yrtph.2024.105569</doi><tpages>1</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4125-2610</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology, 2024-03, Vol.148, p.105569-105569, Article 105569 |
| issn | 0273-2300 1096-0295 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals |
| subjects | Aggregate exposure Consumer Product Safety Cosmetics - toxicity Creme RIFM aggregate exposure model DST Exposure Fragrance ingredient Fragrance safety Household Products - toxicity Humans Odorants Perfume Risk Assessment Safety assessment TTC |
| title | Detailed aggregate exposure analysis shows that exposure to fragrance ingredients in consumer products is low: Many orders of magnitude below thresholds of concern |
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