Nanomedicine Targeting Myeloid‐Derived Suppressor Cells Enhances Anti‐Tumor Immunity

Cancer immunotherapy, a field within immunology that aims to enhance the host's anti‐cancer immune response, frequently encounters challenges associated with suboptimal response rates. The presence of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), crucial constituents of the tumor microenvironment (TME), exacerbates this issue by fostering immunosuppression and impeding T cell differentiation and maturation. Consequently, targeting MDSCs has emerged as crucial for immunotherapy aimed at enhancing anti‐tumor responses. The development of nanomedicines specifically designed to target MDSCs aims to improve the effectiveness of immunotherapy by transforming immunosuppressive tumors into ones more responsive to immune intervention. This review provides a detailed overview of MDSCs in the TME and current strategies targeting these cells. Also the benefits of nanoparticle‐assisted drug delivery systems, including design flexibility, efficient drug loading, and protection against enzymatic degradation, are highlighted. It summarizes advances in nanomedicine targeting MDSCs, covering enhanced treatment efficacy, safety, and modulation of the TME, laying the groundwork for more potent cancer immunotherapy. Cancer immunotherapy aims to boost anti‐cancer immune responses but faces hurdles due to myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) that hinder T cell activity. Targeting MDSCs with nanomedicines can turn immunosuppressive tumors responsive to immunotherapy. This review delves into MDSCs roles and nanomedicine‐based strategies for MDSCs targeting, setting the stage for future potent cancer immunotherapy.