Life after a fiery death: Fire and plant biomass loading affect dissolved organic matter in experimental ponds
Drier and hotter conditions linked with anthropogenic climate change can increase wildfire frequency and severity, influencing terrestrial and aquatic carbon cycles at broad spatial and temporal scales. The impacts of wildfire are complex and dependent on several factors that may increase terrestria...
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| creator | Spiegel, Cody J. Mladenov, Natalie Wall, Christopher B. Hollman, Kelly Tran, Cindy H. Symons, Celia C. Shurin, Jonathan B. |
| description | Drier and hotter conditions linked with anthropogenic climate change can increase wildfire frequency and severity, influencing terrestrial and aquatic carbon cycles at broad spatial and temporal scales. The impacts of wildfire are complex and dependent on several factors that may increase terrestrial deposition and the influx of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from plants into nearby aquatic systems, resulting in the darkening of water color. We tested the effects of plant biomass quantity and its interaction with fire (burned vs. unburned plant biomass) on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration and degradation (biological vs. photochemical) and DOM composition in 400 L freshwater ponds using a gradient experimental design. DOC concentration increased nonlinearly with plant biomass loading in both treatments, with overall higher concentrations (>56 mg/L) in the unburned treatment shortly after plant addition. We also observed nonlinear trends in fluorescence and UV‐visible absorbance spectroscopic indices as a function of fire treatment and plant biomass, such as greater humification and specific UV absorbance at 254 nm (a proxy for aromatic DOM) over time. DOM humification occurred gradually over time with less humification in the burned treatment compared to the unburned treatment. Both burned and unburned biomass released noncolored, low molecular weight carbon compounds that were rapidly consumed by microbes. DOC decomposition exhibited a unimodal relationship with plant biomass, with microbes contributing more to DOC loss than photodegradation at intermediate biomass levels (100–300 g). Our findings demonstrate that the quantity of plant biomass leads to nonlinear responses in the dynamics and composition of DOM in experimental ponds that are altered by fire, indicating how disturbances interactively affect DOM processing and its role in aquatic environments.
Drier and hotter conditions linked with anthropogenic climate change can increase wildfires, impacting global carbon cycles. We tested the effects of plant biomass quantity and its interaction with fire on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration and degradation, and dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition in experimental ponds. The quantity of plant biomass led to nonlinear responses in the dynamics and composition of DOM that were altered by fire, highlighting the interactive effects of disturbances on DOM processing and its ecological role in aquatic environments. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/gcb.17061 |
| format | Article |
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Drier and hotter conditions linked with anthropogenic climate change can increase wildfires, impacting global carbon cycles. We tested the effects of plant biomass quantity and its interaction with fire on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration and degradation, and dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition in experimental ponds. The quantity of plant biomass led to nonlinear responses in the dynamics and composition of DOM that were altered by fire, highlighting the interactive effects of disturbances on DOM processing and its ecological role in aquatic environments.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1354-1013</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1365-2486</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17061</identifier><identifier>PMID: 38273537</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Absorbance ; Anthropogenic factors ; Aquatic environment ; Aquatic plants ; Aromatic compounds ; Biomass ; Biomass burning ; Carbon ; Carbon compounds ; Carbon cycle ; Climate change ; Composition ; Concentration gradient ; degradation ; Design of experiments ; Dissolved organic carbon ; Dissolved organic matter ; Experimental design ; experimental ponds ; Fires ; Fluorescence ; fluorescence spectroscopy ; Freshwater ; Human influences ; Humification ; Inland water environment ; Low molecular weights ; Microorganisms ; Molecular weight ; Nonlinear response ; Photochemicals ; Photochemistry ; Photodegradation ; Plant biomass ; Plants ; Ponds ; Ultraviolet radiation ; Water color ; Water colour ; wildfire ; Wildfires</subject><ispartof>Global change biology, 2024-01, Vol.30 (1), p.e17061-n/a</ispartof><rights>2023 The Authors. published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</rights><rights>2023 The Authors. Global Change Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</rights><rights>2023. This article is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). 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The impacts of wildfire are complex and dependent on several factors that may increase terrestrial deposition and the influx of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from plants into nearby aquatic systems, resulting in the darkening of water color. We tested the effects of plant biomass quantity and its interaction with fire (burned vs. unburned plant biomass) on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration and degradation (biological vs. photochemical) and DOM composition in 400 L freshwater ponds using a gradient experimental design. DOC concentration increased nonlinearly with plant biomass loading in both treatments, with overall higher concentrations (>56 mg/L) in the unburned treatment shortly after plant addition. We also observed nonlinear trends in fluorescence and UV‐visible absorbance spectroscopic indices as a function of fire treatment and plant biomass, such as greater humification and specific UV absorbance at 254 nm (a proxy for aromatic DOM) over time. DOM humification occurred gradually over time with less humification in the burned treatment compared to the unburned treatment. Both burned and unburned biomass released noncolored, low molecular weight carbon compounds that were rapidly consumed by microbes. DOC decomposition exhibited a unimodal relationship with plant biomass, with microbes contributing more to DOC loss than photodegradation at intermediate biomass levels (100–300 g). Our findings demonstrate that the quantity of plant biomass leads to nonlinear responses in the dynamics and composition of DOM in experimental ponds that are altered by fire, indicating how disturbances interactively affect DOM processing and its role in aquatic environments.
Drier and hotter conditions linked with anthropogenic climate change can increase wildfires, impacting global carbon cycles. We tested the effects of plant biomass quantity and its interaction with fire on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration and degradation, and dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition in experimental ponds. The quantity of plant biomass led to nonlinear responses in the dynamics and composition of DOM that were altered by fire, highlighting the interactive effects of disturbances on DOM processing and its ecological role in aquatic environments.</description><subject>Absorbance</subject><subject>Anthropogenic factors</subject><subject>Aquatic environment</subject><subject>Aquatic plants</subject><subject>Aromatic compounds</subject><subject>Biomass</subject><subject>Biomass burning</subject><subject>Carbon</subject><subject>Carbon compounds</subject><subject>Carbon cycle</subject><subject>Climate change</subject><subject>Composition</subject><subject>Concentration gradient</subject><subject>degradation</subject><subject>Design of experiments</subject><subject>Dissolved organic carbon</subject><subject>Dissolved organic matter</subject><subject>Experimental design</subject><subject>experimental ponds</subject><subject>Fires</subject><subject>Fluorescence</subject><subject>fluorescence spectroscopy</subject><subject>Freshwater</subject><subject>Human influences</subject><subject>Humification</subject><subject>Inland water environment</subject><subject>Low molecular weights</subject><subject>Microorganisms</subject><subject>Molecular weight</subject><subject>Nonlinear response</subject><subject>Photochemicals</subject><subject>Photochemistry</subject><subject>Photodegradation</subject><subject>Plant biomass</subject><subject>Plants</subject><subject>Ponds</subject><subject>Ultraviolet radiation</subject><subject>Water color</subject><subject>Water colour</subject><subject>wildfire</subject><subject>Wildfires</subject><issn>1354-1013</issn><issn>1365-2486</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>24P</sourceid><sourceid>WIN</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kc9PHCEUx4lp4--D_4Ah6UUPozDADHirG7VNNvHifcLAY8XMwAizbfe_l3VtDyblAsn78Ml774vQGSVXtJzrlemvaEsauocOKWtEVXPZfNm-Ba8ooewAHeX8QghhNWn20QGTdcsEaw9RWHoHWLsZEtbYeUgbbEHPzzf43qdSCRZPgw4z7n0cdc54iNr6sCp_HJgZW59zHH6BxTGtdPAGj3re2nzA8GeC5EcIsx7wFIPNJ-ir00OG04_7GD3d3z0tflTLx4efi-_LyjApaSV666zkihMHApQSktdKENuwmgI3AMwpImRvXN0aS4Viru2dEtoJzgywY3Sx004pvq4hz93os4GhDAJxnbtaUdVyKnlT0G-f0Je4TqE0t6UkbZRqRKEud5RJMecErpvKYDptOkq6bQZdyaB7z6Cw5x_GdT-C_Uf-XXoBrnfAbz_A5v-m7mFxu1O-AZPqkC0</recordid><startdate>202401</startdate><enddate>202401</enddate><creator>Spiegel, Cody J.</creator><creator>Mladenov, Natalie</creator><creator>Wall, Christopher B.</creator><creator>Hollman, Kelly</creator><creator>Tran, Cindy H.</creator><creator>Symons, Celia C.</creator><creator>Shurin, Jonathan B.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>24P</scope><scope>WIN</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7164-3201</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5889-0841</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3352-5239</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202401</creationdate><title>Life after a fiery death: Fire and plant biomass loading affect dissolved organic matter in experimental ponds</title><author>Spiegel, Cody J. ; 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The impacts of wildfire are complex and dependent on several factors that may increase terrestrial deposition and the influx of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from plants into nearby aquatic systems, resulting in the darkening of water color. We tested the effects of plant biomass quantity and its interaction with fire (burned vs. unburned plant biomass) on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration and degradation (biological vs. photochemical) and DOM composition in 400 L freshwater ponds using a gradient experimental design. DOC concentration increased nonlinearly with plant biomass loading in both treatments, with overall higher concentrations (>56 mg/L) in the unburned treatment shortly after plant addition. We also observed nonlinear trends in fluorescence and UV‐visible absorbance spectroscopic indices as a function of fire treatment and plant biomass, such as greater humification and specific UV absorbance at 254 nm (a proxy for aromatic DOM) over time. DOM humification occurred gradually over time with less humification in the burned treatment compared to the unburned treatment. Both burned and unburned biomass released noncolored, low molecular weight carbon compounds that were rapidly consumed by microbes. DOC decomposition exhibited a unimodal relationship with plant biomass, with microbes contributing more to DOC loss than photodegradation at intermediate biomass levels (100–300 g). Our findings demonstrate that the quantity of plant biomass leads to nonlinear responses in the dynamics and composition of DOM in experimental ponds that are altered by fire, indicating how disturbances interactively affect DOM processing and its role in aquatic environments.
Drier and hotter conditions linked with anthropogenic climate change can increase wildfires, impacting global carbon cycles. We tested the effects of plant biomass quantity and its interaction with fire on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration and degradation, and dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition in experimental ponds. The quantity of plant biomass led to nonlinear responses in the dynamics and composition of DOM that were altered by fire, highlighting the interactive effects of disturbances on DOM processing and its ecological role in aquatic environments.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>38273537</pmid><doi>10.1111/gcb.17061</doi><tpages>15</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7164-3201</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5889-0841</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3352-5239</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Absorbance Anthropogenic factors Aquatic environment Aquatic plants Aromatic compounds Biomass Biomass burning Carbon Carbon compounds Carbon cycle Climate change Composition Concentration gradient degradation Design of experiments Dissolved organic carbon Dissolved organic matter Experimental design experimental ponds Fires Fluorescence fluorescence spectroscopy Freshwater Human influences Humification Inland water environment Low molecular weights Microorganisms Molecular weight Nonlinear response Photochemicals Photochemistry Photodegradation Plant biomass Plants Ponds Ultraviolet radiation Water color Water colour wildfire Wildfires |
| title | Life after a fiery death: Fire and plant biomass loading affect dissolved organic matter in experimental ponds |
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