Efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics for the prevention of neutropenic fever in patients with multiple myeloma receiving high-dose cyclophosphamide for stem cell mobilization

High-dose cyclophosphamide (HD-Cy) (3 g/m 2 ) plus granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a very effective regimen for peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) mobilization. Unfortunately, it is associated with an increased risk of neutropenic fever (NF). We analyzed the effect of NF on PBSC aphe...

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Veröffentlicht in:Annals of hematology 2024-05, Vol.103 (5), p.1601-1611
Hauptverfasser: Hou, Li-qiong, Liu, Jun-Ru, Gu, Jing-Li, Chen, Mei-Lan, Kuang, Li-Fen, Huang, Bei-Hui, Zou, Wai-yi, Li, Juan
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container_issue 5
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container_title Annals of hematology
container_volume 103
creator Hou, Li-qiong
Liu, Jun-Ru
Gu, Jing-Li
Chen, Mei-Lan
Kuang, Li-Fen
Huang, Bei-Hui
Zou, Wai-yi
Li, Juan
description High-dose cyclophosphamide (HD-Cy) (3 g/m 2 ) plus granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a very effective regimen for peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) mobilization. Unfortunately, it is associated with an increased risk of neutropenic fever (NF). We analyzed the effect of NF on PBSC apheresis results and the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics for the prevention of NF associated with HD-Cy plus G-CSF for PBSC mobilization in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM). First, patients were divided into NF ( +) and NF ( −) groups according to whether they suffered from NF during mobilization. Second, we divided patients into an antibiotic prophylaxis group and a nonantibiotic prophylaxis group according to whether antibiotic prophylaxis was used during the mobilization period. Our study showed that NF( +) patients ( n  = 44) had lower CD34 + cell dose collection (median 2.60 versus 5.34 × 10 6 /kg, P  
doi_str_mv 10.1007/s00277-023-05537-3
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Unfortunately, it is associated with an increased risk of neutropenic fever (NF). We analyzed the effect of NF on PBSC apheresis results and the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics for the prevention of NF associated with HD-Cy plus G-CSF for PBSC mobilization in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM). First, patients were divided into NF ( +) and NF ( −) groups according to whether they suffered from NF during mobilization. Second, we divided patients into an antibiotic prophylaxis group and a nonantibiotic prophylaxis group according to whether antibiotic prophylaxis was used during the mobilization period. Our study showed that NF( +) patients ( n  = 44) had lower CD34 + cell dose collection (median 2.60 versus 5.34 × 10 6 /kg, P  &lt; 0.001) and slower neutrophil engraftment and platelet engraftment (median 11 versus 10 days, P  = 0.002, and median 13 versus 11 days, P  = 0.043, respectively) than NF( −) patients ( n  = 234). Of note, the nonantibiotic prophylaxis group patients ( n  = 30) had a 26.7% incidence of NF. In the patients receiving antibiotic prophylaxis ( n  = 227), the incidence was reduced to 9.3% ( P  = 0.01). The antibiotic prophylaxis patients had higher CD34 + cell collection (median 5.41 versus 2.27 × 10 6 /kg, P  &lt; 0.001) and lower hospitalization cost of mobilization ($ median 3108.02 versus 3702.39, p  = 0.012). Thus, our results demonstrate that NF is associated with lower CD34 + cell collection and that antibiotic prophylaxis can reduce the incidence of NF and improve stem cell mobilization and collection outcomes, which reduces the hospitalization cost of mobilization.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0939-5555</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-0584</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05537-3</identifier><identifier>PMID: 38267561</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Antibiotics ; Disease prevention ; Hematology ; Medicine ; Medicine &amp; Public Health ; Multiple myeloma ; Neutropenia ; Oncology ; Original Article ; Stem cells</subject><ispartof>Annals of hematology, 2024-05, Vol.103 (5), p.1601-1611</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2024</rights><rights>2024. The Author(s).</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2024. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). 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Unfortunately, it is associated with an increased risk of neutropenic fever (NF). We analyzed the effect of NF on PBSC apheresis results and the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics for the prevention of NF associated with HD-Cy plus G-CSF for PBSC mobilization in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM). First, patients were divided into NF ( +) and NF ( −) groups according to whether they suffered from NF during mobilization. Second, we divided patients into an antibiotic prophylaxis group and a nonantibiotic prophylaxis group according to whether antibiotic prophylaxis was used during the mobilization period. Our study showed that NF( +) patients ( n  = 44) had lower CD34 + cell dose collection (median 2.60 versus 5.34 × 10 6 /kg, P  &lt; 0.001) and slower neutrophil engraftment and platelet engraftment (median 11 versus 10 days, P  = 0.002, and median 13 versus 11 days, P  = 0.043, respectively) than NF( −) patients ( n  = 234). Of note, the nonantibiotic prophylaxis group patients ( n  = 30) had a 26.7% incidence of NF. In the patients receiving antibiotic prophylaxis ( n  = 227), the incidence was reduced to 9.3% ( P  = 0.01). The antibiotic prophylaxis patients had higher CD34 + cell collection (median 5.41 versus 2.27 × 10 6 /kg, P  &lt; 0.001) and lower hospitalization cost of mobilization ($ median 3108.02 versus 3702.39, p  = 0.012). 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Unfortunately, it is associated with an increased risk of neutropenic fever (NF). We analyzed the effect of NF on PBSC apheresis results and the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics for the prevention of NF associated with HD-Cy plus G-CSF for PBSC mobilization in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM). First, patients were divided into NF ( +) and NF ( −) groups according to whether they suffered from NF during mobilization. Second, we divided patients into an antibiotic prophylaxis group and a nonantibiotic prophylaxis group according to whether antibiotic prophylaxis was used during the mobilization period. Our study showed that NF( +) patients ( n  = 44) had lower CD34 + cell dose collection (median 2.60 versus 5.34 × 10 6 /kg, P  &lt; 0.001) and slower neutrophil engraftment and platelet engraftment (median 11 versus 10 days, P  = 0.002, and median 13 versus 11 days, P  = 0.043, respectively) than NF( −) patients ( n  = 234). Of note, the nonantibiotic prophylaxis group patients ( n  = 30) had a 26.7% incidence of NF. In the patients receiving antibiotic prophylaxis ( n  = 227), the incidence was reduced to 9.3% ( P  = 0.01). The antibiotic prophylaxis patients had higher CD34 + cell collection (median 5.41 versus 2.27 × 10 6 /kg, P  &lt; 0.001) and lower hospitalization cost of mobilization ($ median 3108.02 versus 3702.39, p  = 0.012). Thus, our results demonstrate that NF is associated with lower CD34 + cell collection and that antibiotic prophylaxis can reduce the incidence of NF and improve stem cell mobilization and collection outcomes, which reduces the hospitalization cost of mobilization.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>38267561</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00277-023-05537-3</doi><tpages>11</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0909-4731</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects Antibiotics
Disease prevention
Hematology
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Multiple myeloma
Neutropenia
Oncology
Original Article
Stem cells
title Efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics for the prevention of neutropenic fever in patients with multiple myeloma receiving high-dose cyclophosphamide for stem cell mobilization
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