Clinical and genetic risk factors for cystic fibrosis‐related liver disease in Egyptian CF children: A single‐center experience

Background Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disease. It affects multiple organ systems, including the liver, leading to CF‐related liver disease (CFLD). It was noted that CFLD in Egyptian children with CF is more common than in non‐Egyptian people with CF (pwCF). This study aimed to determine the incidence of CFLD and the potential risk factors for developing CFLD in Egyptian children. The correlation between CFLD and the various genotypes prevalent in Egyptian CF children will be discussed. In addition, comparison of CFLD in Egyptian and non‐Egyptian CF patients will be presented. Methods This cross‐sectional study included 50 pwCF from Ain Sham University's Pediatric Pulmonology Clinic in Children's Hospital, Cairo, Egypt. The sweat chloride test and genetic studies were done at the time of diagnosis. Additionally, all subjects underwent detailed history taking, laboratory investigations, clinical assessment, and pelvic abdominal ultrasound for evaluation of hepatic involvement. Results One‐third of the Egyptian children with CF were found to have liver disease. The following independent risk factors for developing CFLD were identified as: male sex, severe genetic mutation (class I and II), long duration of CF disease, early onset of the CF, pancreatic insufficiency, as well as history of meconium ileus. In addition, diabetes mellitus and severe lung disease were proven to significantly increase the risk of developing CFLD. Conclusion CFLD is common in Egyptian pwCF. CFLD's risk factors are similar to other reported research from other countries in the region.