HIV disease metrics and COVID‐19 infection severity and outcomes in people living with HIV in central and eastern Europe
Background To date there remains much ambiguity in the literature regarding the immunological interplay between SARS‐CoV‐2 and HIV and the true risk posed to coinfected individuals. There has been little conclusive data regarding the use of CD4 cell count and HIV viral load stratification as predict...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | HIV medicine 2024-03, Vol.25 (3), p.343-352 |
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| creator | Oprea, Cristiana Quirke, Siobhan Ianache, Irina Bursa, Dominik Antoniak, Sergii Bogdanic, Nikolina Vassilenko, Anne I. Aimla, Kersti Matulionyte, Raimonda Rukhadze, Nino Harxhi, Arjan Fleischhans, Lukáš Lakatos, Botond Sedlacek, Dalibor Dragovic, Gordana Verhaz, Antonija Yancheva, Nina Acet, Oguzhan Protopapas, Konstantinos Kowalska, Justyna Dominika |
| description | Background
To date there remains much ambiguity in the literature regarding the immunological interplay between SARS‐CoV‐2 and HIV and the true risk posed to coinfected individuals. There has been little conclusive data regarding the use of CD4 cell count and HIV viral load stratification as predictors of COVID‐19 severity in this cohort.
Methods
We performed a retrospective, observational cohort study on people living with HIV (PLWH) who contracted COVID‐19 in central and eastern Europe. We enrolled 536 patients from 16 countries using an online survey. We evaluated patient demographics, HIV characteristics and COVID‐19 presentation and outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.1.
Results
The majority of the study cohort were male (76.4%) and 152 (28.3%) had a significant medical comorbidity. Median CD4 cell count at COVID‐19 diagnosis was 605 cells/μL [interquartile range (IQR) 409–824]. The majority of patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) were virally suppressed (92%). In univariate analysis, CD4 cell count |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/hiv.13578 |
| format | Article |
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To date there remains much ambiguity in the literature regarding the immunological interplay between SARS‐CoV‐2 and HIV and the true risk posed to coinfected individuals. There has been little conclusive data regarding the use of CD4 cell count and HIV viral load stratification as predictors of COVID‐19 severity in this cohort.
Methods
We performed a retrospective, observational cohort study on people living with HIV (PLWH) who contracted COVID‐19 in central and eastern Europe. We enrolled 536 patients from 16 countries using an online survey. We evaluated patient demographics, HIV characteristics and COVID‐19 presentation and outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.1.
Results
The majority of the study cohort were male (76.4%) and 152 (28.3%) had a significant medical comorbidity. Median CD4 cell count at COVID‐19 diagnosis was 605 cells/μL [interquartile range (IQR) 409–824]. The majority of patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) were virally suppressed (92%). In univariate analysis, CD4 cell count <350 cells/μL was associated with higher rates of hospitalization (p < 0.0001) and respiratory failure (p < 0.0001). Univariate and multivariate analyses found that an undetectable HIV VL was associated with a lower rate of hospitalization (p < 0.0001), respiratory failure (p < 0.0001), ICU admission or death (p < 0.0001), and with a higher chance of full recovery (p < 0.0001).
Conclusion
We can conclude that detectable HIV viral load was an independent risk factor for severe COVID‐19 illness and can be used as a prognostic indicator in this cohort.]]></description><identifier>ISSN: 1464-2662</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1468-1293</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1468-1293</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/hiv.13578</identifier><identifier>PMID: 38014768</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</publisher><subject>Antiretroviral agents ; Antiretroviral therapy ; CD4 antigen ; CD4 cell count ; Comorbidity ; COVID-19 ; HIV ; HIV viral load strata ; Human immunodeficiency virus ; Immunology ; Observational studies ; outcomes ; PLWH ; Respiratory failure ; Risk factors ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; Statistical analysis ; Viral diseases</subject><ispartof>HIV medicine, 2024-03, Vol.25 (3), p.343-352</ispartof><rights>2023 British HIV Association.</rights><rights>2024 British HIV Association</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3138-79c848267bb041ab0c529aa5e3b233e6767ca7826704958a25f43544ab6845413</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-9581-2527 ; 0000-0003-1260-615X ; 0000-0001-5289-1974 ; 0000-0003-1166-4462</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fhiv.13578$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fhiv.13578$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,27924,27925,45574,45575</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38014768$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Oprea, Cristiana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Quirke, Siobhan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ianache, Irina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bursa, Dominik</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Antoniak, Sergii</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bogdanic, Nikolina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vassilenko, Anne I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aimla, Kersti</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Matulionyte, Raimonda</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rukhadze, Nino</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Harxhi, Arjan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fleischhans, Lukáš</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lakatos, Botond</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sedlacek, Dalibor</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dragovic, Gordana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Verhaz, Antonija</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yancheva, Nina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Acet, Oguzhan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Protopapas, Konstantinos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kowalska, Justyna Dominika</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Euroguidelines in Central and Eastern Europe Network Group</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>for the Euroguidelines in Central and Eastern Europe Network Group</creatorcontrib><title>HIV disease metrics and COVID‐19 infection severity and outcomes in people living with HIV in central and eastern Europe</title><title>HIV medicine</title><addtitle>HIV Med</addtitle><description><![CDATA[Background
To date there remains much ambiguity in the literature regarding the immunological interplay between SARS‐CoV‐2 and HIV and the true risk posed to coinfected individuals. There has been little conclusive data regarding the use of CD4 cell count and HIV viral load stratification as predictors of COVID‐19 severity in this cohort.
Methods
We performed a retrospective, observational cohort study on people living with HIV (PLWH) who contracted COVID‐19 in central and eastern Europe. We enrolled 536 patients from 16 countries using an online survey. We evaluated patient demographics, HIV characteristics and COVID‐19 presentation and outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.1.
Results
The majority of the study cohort were male (76.4%) and 152 (28.3%) had a significant medical comorbidity. Median CD4 cell count at COVID‐19 diagnosis was 605 cells/μL [interquartile range (IQR) 409–824]. The majority of patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) were virally suppressed (92%). In univariate analysis, CD4 cell count <350 cells/μL was associated with higher rates of hospitalization (p < 0.0001) and respiratory failure (p < 0.0001). Univariate and multivariate analyses found that an undetectable HIV VL was associated with a lower rate of hospitalization (p < 0.0001), respiratory failure (p < 0.0001), ICU admission or death (p < 0.0001), and with a higher chance of full recovery (p < 0.0001).
Conclusion
We can conclude that detectable HIV viral load was an independent risk factor for severe COVID‐19 illness and can be used as a prognostic indicator in this cohort.]]></description><subject>Antiretroviral agents</subject><subject>Antiretroviral therapy</subject><subject>CD4 antigen</subject><subject>CD4 cell count</subject><subject>Comorbidity</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>HIV</subject><subject>HIV viral load strata</subject><subject>Human immunodeficiency virus</subject><subject>Immunology</subject><subject>Observational studies</subject><subject>outcomes</subject><subject>PLWH</subject><subject>Respiratory failure</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Viral diseases</subject><issn>1464-2662</issn><issn>1468-1293</issn><issn>1468-1293</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp1kUtqHDEQhkVIiB_JIhcwgmziRdt6tqSlGb8GDN4k3gq1piaW6W61pe4xk1WOkDP6JNbMOFkYoo0E9emron6EvlByQss5vQ-rE8ql0u_QPhW1rigz_P32LSpW12wPHeT8QAhV3JCPaI9rQoWq9T76dT2_w4uQwWXAHYwp-Ixdv8Cz27v5-fPvP9Tg0C_BjyH2OMMKUhjXWyJOo48d5FLHA8ShBdyGVeh_4qcw3uONuFQ89GNy7fZHaTJC6vHFlOIAn9CHpWszfH69D9GPy4vvs-vq5vZqPju7qTynXFfKeC00q1XTEEFdQ7xkxjkJvGGcQ61q5Z3aAEQYqR2TS8GlEK6ptZCC8kP0becdUnycII-2C9lD27oe4pQt00YoJriRBf36Bn2IU-rLdLZsVFEjlVKFOt5RPsWcEyztkELn0tpSYjeB2BKI3QZS2KNX49R0sPhH_k2gAKc74Cm0sP6_yZZ97pQv0KOTgw</recordid><startdate>202403</startdate><enddate>202403</enddate><creator>Oprea, Cristiana</creator><creator>Quirke, Siobhan</creator><creator>Ianache, Irina</creator><creator>Bursa, Dominik</creator><creator>Antoniak, Sergii</creator><creator>Bogdanic, Nikolina</creator><creator>Vassilenko, Anne I.</creator><creator>Aimla, Kersti</creator><creator>Matulionyte, Raimonda</creator><creator>Rukhadze, Nino</creator><creator>Harxhi, Arjan</creator><creator>Fleischhans, Lukáš</creator><creator>Lakatos, Botond</creator><creator>Sedlacek, Dalibor</creator><creator>Dragovic, Gordana</creator><creator>Verhaz, Antonija</creator><creator>Yancheva, Nina</creator><creator>Acet, Oguzhan</creator><creator>Protopapas, Konstantinos</creator><creator>Kowalska, Justyna Dominika</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9581-2527</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1260-615X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5289-1974</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1166-4462</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202403</creationdate><title>HIV disease metrics and COVID‐19 infection severity and outcomes in people living with HIV in central and eastern Europe</title><author>Oprea, Cristiana ; Quirke, Siobhan ; Ianache, Irina ; Bursa, Dominik ; Antoniak, Sergii ; Bogdanic, Nikolina ; Vassilenko, Anne I. ; Aimla, Kersti ; Matulionyte, Raimonda ; Rukhadze, Nino ; Harxhi, Arjan ; Fleischhans, Lukáš ; Lakatos, Botond ; Sedlacek, Dalibor ; Dragovic, Gordana ; Verhaz, Antonija ; Yancheva, Nina ; Acet, Oguzhan ; Protopapas, Konstantinos ; Kowalska, Justyna Dominika</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3138-79c848267bb041ab0c529aa5e3b233e6767ca7826704958a25f43544ab6845413</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Antiretroviral agents</topic><topic>Antiretroviral therapy</topic><topic>CD4 antigen</topic><topic>CD4 cell count</topic><topic>Comorbidity</topic><topic>COVID-19</topic><topic>HIV</topic><topic>HIV viral load strata</topic><topic>Human immunodeficiency virus</topic><topic>Immunology</topic><topic>Observational studies</topic><topic>outcomes</topic><topic>PLWH</topic><topic>Respiratory failure</topic><topic>Risk factors</topic><topic>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</topic><topic>Statistical analysis</topic><topic>Viral diseases</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Oprea, Cristiana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Quirke, Siobhan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ianache, Irina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bursa, Dominik</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Antoniak, Sergii</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bogdanic, Nikolina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vassilenko, Anne I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aimla, Kersti</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Matulionyte, Raimonda</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rukhadze, Nino</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Harxhi, Arjan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fleischhans, Lukáš</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lakatos, Botond</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sedlacek, Dalibor</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dragovic, Gordana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Verhaz, Antonija</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yancheva, Nina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Acet, Oguzhan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Protopapas, Konstantinos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kowalska, Justyna Dominika</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Euroguidelines in Central and Eastern Europe Network Group</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>for the Euroguidelines in Central and Eastern Europe Network Group</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>HIV medicine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Oprea, Cristiana</au><au>Quirke, Siobhan</au><au>Ianache, Irina</au><au>Bursa, Dominik</au><au>Antoniak, Sergii</au><au>Bogdanic, Nikolina</au><au>Vassilenko, Anne I.</au><au>Aimla, Kersti</au><au>Matulionyte, Raimonda</au><au>Rukhadze, Nino</au><au>Harxhi, Arjan</au><au>Fleischhans, Lukáš</au><au>Lakatos, Botond</au><au>Sedlacek, Dalibor</au><au>Dragovic, Gordana</au><au>Verhaz, Antonija</au><au>Yancheva, Nina</au><au>Acet, Oguzhan</au><au>Protopapas, Konstantinos</au><au>Kowalska, Justyna Dominika</au><aucorp>Euroguidelines in Central and Eastern Europe Network Group</aucorp><aucorp>for the Euroguidelines in Central and Eastern Europe Network Group</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>HIV disease metrics and COVID‐19 infection severity and outcomes in people living with HIV in central and eastern Europe</atitle><jtitle>HIV medicine</jtitle><addtitle>HIV Med</addtitle><date>2024-03</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>25</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>343</spage><epage>352</epage><pages>343-352</pages><issn>1464-2662</issn><issn>1468-1293</issn><eissn>1468-1293</eissn><abstract><![CDATA[Background
To date there remains much ambiguity in the literature regarding the immunological interplay between SARS‐CoV‐2 and HIV and the true risk posed to coinfected individuals. There has been little conclusive data regarding the use of CD4 cell count and HIV viral load stratification as predictors of COVID‐19 severity in this cohort.
Methods
We performed a retrospective, observational cohort study on people living with HIV (PLWH) who contracted COVID‐19 in central and eastern Europe. We enrolled 536 patients from 16 countries using an online survey. We evaluated patient demographics, HIV characteristics and COVID‐19 presentation and outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.1.
Results
The majority of the study cohort were male (76.4%) and 152 (28.3%) had a significant medical comorbidity. Median CD4 cell count at COVID‐19 diagnosis was 605 cells/μL [interquartile range (IQR) 409–824]. The majority of patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) were virally suppressed (92%). In univariate analysis, CD4 cell count <350 cells/μL was associated with higher rates of hospitalization (p < 0.0001) and respiratory failure (p < 0.0001). Univariate and multivariate analyses found that an undetectable HIV VL was associated with a lower rate of hospitalization (p < 0.0001), respiratory failure (p < 0.0001), ICU admission or death (p < 0.0001), and with a higher chance of full recovery (p < 0.0001).
Conclusion
We can conclude that detectable HIV viral load was an independent risk factor for severe COVID‐19 illness and can be used as a prognostic indicator in this cohort.]]></abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</pub><pmid>38014768</pmid><doi>10.1111/hiv.13578</doi><tpages>10</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9581-2527</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1260-615X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5289-1974</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1166-4462</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | HIV medicine, 2024-03, Vol.25 (3), p.343-352 |
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| subjects | Antiretroviral agents Antiretroviral therapy CD4 antigen CD4 cell count Comorbidity COVID-19 HIV HIV viral load strata Human immunodeficiency virus Immunology Observational studies outcomes PLWH Respiratory failure Risk factors Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Statistical analysis Viral diseases |
| title | HIV disease metrics and COVID‐19 infection severity and outcomes in people living with HIV in central and eastern Europe |
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