The protective effect of aqueous extract of Stevia rebaudiana against tartrazine toxicity in male Wistar rat
Tartrazine is a yellow colouring agent that is commonly used in foods; however, high dosages of Tartrazine affect fertility and create oxidative stress by generating free radicals. A plant species known as Stevia rebaudiana has natural antioxidants that show promise for protecting testicular tissue....
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Cell biochemistry and function 2023-12, Vol.41 (8), p.1462-1476 |
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| description | Tartrazine is a yellow colouring agent that is commonly used in foods; however, high dosages of Tartrazine affect fertility and create oxidative stress by generating free radicals. A plant species known as Stevia rebaudiana has natural antioxidants that show promise for protecting testicular tissue. Consequently, this study was intended to examine the ameliorative effect of the aqueous extract of S. rebaudiana (Stevia) on the fertility of male Wistar rats induced by the daily oral intake of Tartrazine. Utilizing gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, phytochemical identification was accomplished for Stevia extract. Study groups were separated into several groups: the first group (the control) got distilled water for up to 56 days; the Stevia group (1000 mg/kg), the Tartrazine group (300 mg/kg) and the Stevia and Tartrazine group (the group was given Tartrazine after 1 h of Stevia extract intake). Also, the oxidative damage in testicular tissues was assessed by measuring the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidants (catalase [CAT], superoxide dismutase [SOD] and glutathione reductase [GSH]). Further, histological alterations were examined. In addition, cyclic AMP‐responsive element modulator (Crem) gene expression levels and their relative proteins were measured in the testicular tissues using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays, respectively. Sperm analysis and testosterone concentration were also performed. SPSS version 25 was used for the analysis of results while (p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/cbf.3886 |
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Significance statement
Tartrazine, a yellow food colouring, gradually reduces testosterone and affects fertility, according to recent studies. However, many herbal supplements boost sperm count and male reproductive function. Aqueous Stevia extract (ASE) was tested on male albino rats to see if it could reduce Tartrazine's toxicity. The study found that daily tartrazine consumption induced renal, hepatic and testicular damage. However, ASE treatment ameliorated these abnormalities by enhancing renal and hepatic functions, improving sperm quality, increasing testicular antioxidant indicator levels and decreasing Tartrazine‐induced DNA damage. Thus, the present investigation provided empirical support for the potential use of ASE as a therapeutic agent with dual efficiency, treating infertility and reducing the negative side effects of Tartrazine.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0263-6484</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1099-0844</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3886</identifier><identifier>PMID: 38010705</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</publisher><subject>Abnormalities ; Animals ; antioxidant enzymes ; Antioxidants ; Antioxidants - metabolism ; Antioxidants - pharmacology ; Catalase ; Coloring agents ; Crem gene ; Cyclic AMP ; Cyclic AMP response element modulator ; Damage ; Deoxyribonucleic acid ; Distilled water ; DNA ; DNA damage ; Empirical analysis ; Fertility ; Free radicals ; Gas chromatography ; Gene expression ; Glutathione ; Glutathione reductase ; Herbal medicine ; Immunoassays ; Infertility ; Kidneys ; Liver ; Male ; Males ; Mass spectrometry ; Mass spectroscopy ; Medical treatment ; Oxidative Stress ; Parameters ; Pharmacology ; Plant Extracts - chemistry ; Plant Extracts - pharmacology ; Plant species ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Proteins ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reductases ; Regulatory sequences ; Seeds - metabolism ; Side effects ; Sperm ; Sperm Motility ; Stevia ; Stevia - chemistry ; Stevia - metabolism ; Stevia rebaudiana ; Superoxide Dismutase - metabolism ; Tartrazine ; Tartrazine - metabolism ; Tartrazine - toxicity ; Testes ; Testis ; Testosterone ; Testosterone - pharmacology ; Toxicity ; Water - metabolism ; Water - pharmacology</subject><ispartof>Cell biochemistry and function, 2023-12, Vol.41 (8), p.1462-1476</ispartof><rights>2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3496-c9f5fd88b0c5d400559dc09aabdd3bac5a11f921154822cdd95d56d900b98cc23</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3496-c9f5fd88b0c5d400559dc09aabdd3bac5a11f921154822cdd95d56d900b98cc23</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-8334-7330</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Fcbf.3886$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Fcbf.3886$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27901,27902,45550,45551</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38010705$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hanna, Demiana H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Beshay, Sylvia Nabil</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>El. Shafee, E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>El‐Rahman, Heba Ali Abd</creatorcontrib><title>The protective effect of aqueous extract of Stevia rebaudiana against tartrazine toxicity in male Wistar rat</title><title>Cell biochemistry and function</title><addtitle>Cell Biochem Funct</addtitle><description>Tartrazine is a yellow colouring agent that is commonly used in foods; however, high dosages of Tartrazine affect fertility and create oxidative stress by generating free radicals. A plant species known as Stevia rebaudiana has natural antioxidants that show promise for protecting testicular tissue. Consequently, this study was intended to examine the ameliorative effect of the aqueous extract of S. rebaudiana (Stevia) on the fertility of male Wistar rats induced by the daily oral intake of Tartrazine. Utilizing gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, phytochemical identification was accomplished for Stevia extract. Study groups were separated into several groups: the first group (the control) got distilled water for up to 56 days; the Stevia group (1000 mg/kg), the Tartrazine group (300 mg/kg) and the Stevia and Tartrazine group (the group was given Tartrazine after 1 h of Stevia extract intake). Also, the oxidative damage in testicular tissues was assessed by measuring the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidants (catalase [CAT], superoxide dismutase [SOD] and glutathione reductase [GSH]). Further, histological alterations were examined. In addition, cyclic AMP‐responsive element modulator (Crem) gene expression levels and their relative proteins were measured in the testicular tissues using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays, respectively. Sperm analysis and testosterone concentration were also performed. SPSS version 25 was used for the analysis of results while (p < .05) was regarded as significant. Compared with the control group, the results demonstrated that Tartrazine caused a significant reduction (p < .05) in the testosterone hormone level (0.70 ± 0.21) and the Crem protein quantity (1.21 ± 0.23) in the treated Tartrazine group. Also, it had a significant decrease (p < .05) in sperm motility, viability, count and antioxidant levels. Moreover, there was a significant increase (p < .05) in sperm abnormalities, MDA level (7.40 ± 1.10), kidney and liver function parameters, and DNA degradation in the treated Tartrazine group compared with the control group. On the contrary, the Stevia extract intake enhanced the testosterone (2.50 ± 0.60), antioxidants and Crem protein levels (2.33 ± 0.10) with an improvement in sperm quality in the Stevia and Tartrazine‐treated group compared with the Tartrazine group. Stevia also caused a significant decrease (p < .05) in the MDA level (3.20 ± 0.20), and sperm abnormalities with an enhancement of the liver and kidney function parameters in the Stevia and Tartrazine‐treated group compared to the Tartrazine group. Stevia administration has a protective effect on the testicular tissues and sperm quality against toxicity induced by Tartrazine exposure, so it will be a good antioxidant drug to be administered daily before daily administration of Tartrazine.
Significance statement
Tartrazine, a yellow food colouring, gradually reduces testosterone and affects fertility, according to recent studies. However, many herbal supplements boost sperm count and male reproductive function. Aqueous Stevia extract (ASE) was tested on male albino rats to see if it could reduce Tartrazine's toxicity. The study found that daily tartrazine consumption induced renal, hepatic and testicular damage. However, ASE treatment ameliorated these abnormalities by enhancing renal and hepatic functions, improving sperm quality, increasing testicular antioxidant indicator levels and decreasing Tartrazine‐induced DNA damage. Thus, the present investigation provided empirical support for the potential use of ASE as a therapeutic agent with dual efficiency, treating infertility and reducing the negative side effects of Tartrazine.</description><subject>Abnormalities</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>antioxidant enzymes</subject><subject>Antioxidants</subject><subject>Antioxidants - metabolism</subject><subject>Antioxidants - pharmacology</subject><subject>Catalase</subject><subject>Coloring agents</subject><subject>Crem gene</subject><subject>Cyclic AMP</subject><subject>Cyclic AMP response element modulator</subject><subject>Damage</subject><subject>Deoxyribonucleic acid</subject><subject>Distilled water</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>DNA damage</subject><subject>Empirical analysis</subject><subject>Fertility</subject><subject>Free radicals</subject><subject>Gas chromatography</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Glutathione</subject><subject>Glutathione reductase</subject><subject>Herbal medicine</subject><subject>Immunoassays</subject><subject>Infertility</subject><subject>Kidneys</subject><subject>Liver</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Males</subject><subject>Mass spectrometry</subject><subject>Mass spectroscopy</subject><subject>Medical treatment</subject><subject>Oxidative Stress</subject><subject>Parameters</subject><subject>Pharmacology</subject><subject>Plant Extracts - chemistry</subject><subject>Plant Extracts - pharmacology</subject><subject>Plant species</subject><subject>Polymerase chain reaction</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Rats, Wistar</subject><subject>Reductases</subject><subject>Regulatory sequences</subject><subject>Seeds - metabolism</subject><subject>Side effects</subject><subject>Sperm</subject><subject>Sperm Motility</subject><subject>Stevia</subject><subject>Stevia - chemistry</subject><subject>Stevia - metabolism</subject><subject>Stevia rebaudiana</subject><subject>Superoxide Dismutase - metabolism</subject><subject>Tartrazine</subject><subject>Tartrazine - metabolism</subject><subject>Tartrazine - toxicity</subject><subject>Testes</subject><subject>Testis</subject><subject>Testosterone</subject><subject>Testosterone - pharmacology</subject><subject>Toxicity</subject><subject>Water - metabolism</subject><subject>Water - pharmacology</subject><issn>0263-6484</issn><issn>1099-0844</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kV1LHDEUhoNU6lYL_QUS6I03oyeZyWxyqYu2guBFLb0MZ_KhkdkZm2RW11_frGstCL1KSB4eznteQr4wOGYA_MR0_riWst0hMwZKVSCb5gOZAW_rqm1ks0c-pXQPAKqt4SPZqyUwmIOYkf7mztGHOGZnclg56rwvNzp6ir8nN06Juqcccfv0I7tVQBpdh5MNOCDFWwxDyjRjLNRzGBzN41MwIa9pGOgSe0d_hVS-acR8QHY99sl9fj33yc-L85vF9-rq-tvl4vSqMnWj2sooL7yVsgMjbAMghLIGFGJnbd2hEciYV5wx0UjOjbVKWNFaBdApaQyv98nR1luClRQp62VIxvU9DptImkvVzDnMZVvQr-_Q-3GKQ5lO8yIUivFa_hOaOKYUndcPMSwxrjUDvWlAlwb0poGCHr4Kp27p7Bv4d-UFqLbAY-jd-r8ivTi7eBH-AWXcj-g</recordid><startdate>202312</startdate><enddate>202312</enddate><creator>Hanna, Demiana H.</creator><creator>Beshay, Sylvia Nabil</creator><creator>El. Shafee, E.</creator><creator>El‐Rahman, Heba Ali Abd</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8334-7330</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202312</creationdate><title>The protective effect of aqueous extract of Stevia rebaudiana against tartrazine toxicity in male Wistar rat</title><author>Hanna, Demiana H. ; Beshay, Sylvia Nabil ; El. Shafee, E. ; El‐Rahman, Heba Ali Abd</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3496-c9f5fd88b0c5d400559dc09aabdd3bac5a11f921154822cdd95d56d900b98cc23</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Abnormalities</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>antioxidant enzymes</topic><topic>Antioxidants</topic><topic>Antioxidants - metabolism</topic><topic>Antioxidants - pharmacology</topic><topic>Catalase</topic><topic>Coloring agents</topic><topic>Crem gene</topic><topic>Cyclic AMP</topic><topic>Cyclic AMP response element modulator</topic><topic>Damage</topic><topic>Deoxyribonucleic acid</topic><topic>Distilled water</topic><topic>DNA</topic><topic>DNA damage</topic><topic>Empirical analysis</topic><topic>Fertility</topic><topic>Free radicals</topic><topic>Gas chromatography</topic><topic>Gene expression</topic><topic>Glutathione</topic><topic>Glutathione reductase</topic><topic>Herbal medicine</topic><topic>Immunoassays</topic><topic>Infertility</topic><topic>Kidneys</topic><topic>Liver</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Males</topic><topic>Mass spectrometry</topic><topic>Mass spectroscopy</topic><topic>Medical treatment</topic><topic>Oxidative Stress</topic><topic>Parameters</topic><topic>Pharmacology</topic><topic>Plant Extracts - chemistry</topic><topic>Plant Extracts - pharmacology</topic><topic>Plant species</topic><topic>Polymerase chain reaction</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Rats, Wistar</topic><topic>Reductases</topic><topic>Regulatory sequences</topic><topic>Seeds - metabolism</topic><topic>Side effects</topic><topic>Sperm</topic><topic>Sperm Motility</topic><topic>Stevia</topic><topic>Stevia - chemistry</topic><topic>Stevia - metabolism</topic><topic>Stevia rebaudiana</topic><topic>Superoxide Dismutase - metabolism</topic><topic>Tartrazine</topic><topic>Tartrazine - metabolism</topic><topic>Tartrazine - toxicity</topic><topic>Testes</topic><topic>Testis</topic><topic>Testosterone</topic><topic>Testosterone - pharmacology</topic><topic>Toxicity</topic><topic>Water - metabolism</topic><topic>Water - pharmacology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hanna, Demiana H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Beshay, Sylvia Nabil</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>El. Shafee, E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>El‐Rahman, Heba Ali Abd</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Cell biochemistry and function</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hanna, Demiana H.</au><au>Beshay, Sylvia Nabil</au><au>El. Shafee, E.</au><au>El‐Rahman, Heba Ali Abd</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The protective effect of aqueous extract of Stevia rebaudiana against tartrazine toxicity in male Wistar rat</atitle><jtitle>Cell biochemistry and function</jtitle><addtitle>Cell Biochem Funct</addtitle><date>2023-12</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>41</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>1462</spage><epage>1476</epage><pages>1462-1476</pages><issn>0263-6484</issn><eissn>1099-0844</eissn><abstract>Tartrazine is a yellow colouring agent that is commonly used in foods; however, high dosages of Tartrazine affect fertility and create oxidative stress by generating free radicals. A plant species known as Stevia rebaudiana has natural antioxidants that show promise for protecting testicular tissue. Consequently, this study was intended to examine the ameliorative effect of the aqueous extract of S. rebaudiana (Stevia) on the fertility of male Wistar rats induced by the daily oral intake of Tartrazine. Utilizing gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, phytochemical identification was accomplished for Stevia extract. Study groups were separated into several groups: the first group (the control) got distilled water for up to 56 days; the Stevia group (1000 mg/kg), the Tartrazine group (300 mg/kg) and the Stevia and Tartrazine group (the group was given Tartrazine after 1 h of Stevia extract intake). Also, the oxidative damage in testicular tissues was assessed by measuring the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidants (catalase [CAT], superoxide dismutase [SOD] and glutathione reductase [GSH]). Further, histological alterations were examined. In addition, cyclic AMP‐responsive element modulator (Crem) gene expression levels and their relative proteins were measured in the testicular tissues using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays, respectively. Sperm analysis and testosterone concentration were also performed. SPSS version 25 was used for the analysis of results while (p < .05) was regarded as significant. Compared with the control group, the results demonstrated that Tartrazine caused a significant reduction (p < .05) in the testosterone hormone level (0.70 ± 0.21) and the Crem protein quantity (1.21 ± 0.23) in the treated Tartrazine group. Also, it had a significant decrease (p < .05) in sperm motility, viability, count and antioxidant levels. Moreover, there was a significant increase (p < .05) in sperm abnormalities, MDA level (7.40 ± 1.10), kidney and liver function parameters, and DNA degradation in the treated Tartrazine group compared with the control group. On the contrary, the Stevia extract intake enhanced the testosterone (2.50 ± 0.60), antioxidants and Crem protein levels (2.33 ± 0.10) with an improvement in sperm quality in the Stevia and Tartrazine‐treated group compared with the Tartrazine group. Stevia also caused a significant decrease (p < .05) in the MDA level (3.20 ± 0.20), and sperm abnormalities with an enhancement of the liver and kidney function parameters in the Stevia and Tartrazine‐treated group compared to the Tartrazine group. Stevia administration has a protective effect on the testicular tissues and sperm quality against toxicity induced by Tartrazine exposure, so it will be a good antioxidant drug to be administered daily before daily administration of Tartrazine.
Significance statement
Tartrazine, a yellow food colouring, gradually reduces testosterone and affects fertility, according to recent studies. However, many herbal supplements boost sperm count and male reproductive function. Aqueous Stevia extract (ASE) was tested on male albino rats to see if it could reduce Tartrazine's toxicity. The study found that daily tartrazine consumption induced renal, hepatic and testicular damage. However, ASE treatment ameliorated these abnormalities by enhancing renal and hepatic functions, improving sperm quality, increasing testicular antioxidant indicator levels and decreasing Tartrazine‐induced DNA damage. Thus, the present investigation provided empirical support for the potential use of ASE as a therapeutic agent with dual efficiency, treating infertility and reducing the negative side effects of Tartrazine.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</pub><pmid>38010705</pmid><doi>10.1002/cbf.3886</doi><tpages>15</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8334-7330</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Cell biochemistry and function, 2023-12, Vol.41 (8), p.1462-1476 |
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| subjects | Abnormalities Animals antioxidant enzymes Antioxidants Antioxidants - metabolism Antioxidants - pharmacology Catalase Coloring agents Crem gene Cyclic AMP Cyclic AMP response element modulator Damage Deoxyribonucleic acid Distilled water DNA DNA damage Empirical analysis Fertility Free radicals Gas chromatography Gene expression Glutathione Glutathione reductase Herbal medicine Immunoassays Infertility Kidneys Liver Male Males Mass spectrometry Mass spectroscopy Medical treatment Oxidative Stress Parameters Pharmacology Plant Extracts - chemistry Plant Extracts - pharmacology Plant species Polymerase chain reaction Proteins Rats Rats, Wistar Reductases Regulatory sequences Seeds - metabolism Side effects Sperm Sperm Motility Stevia Stevia - chemistry Stevia - metabolism Stevia rebaudiana Superoxide Dismutase - metabolism Tartrazine Tartrazine - metabolism Tartrazine - toxicity Testes Testis Testosterone Testosterone - pharmacology Toxicity Water - metabolism Water - pharmacology |
| title | The protective effect of aqueous extract of Stevia rebaudiana against tartrazine toxicity in male Wistar rat |
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