Self‐assembled pea vicilin nanoparticles as nanocarriers for improving the antioxidant activity, environmental stability and sustained‐release property of curcumin

BACKGROUND The application of curcumin (Cur) in the food industry is usually limited by its low water solubility and poor stability. This study aimed to fabricate self‐assembled nanoparticles using pea vicilin (7S) through a pH‐shifting method (pH 7–pH 12–pH 7) to develop water‐soluble nanocarriers...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:Journal of the science of food and agriculture 2024-03, Vol.104 (4), p.2467-2476
Hauptverfasser: Liu, Huihui, Wang, Zijun, Xu, Jingjing, Ji, Fuyun, Luo, Shuizhong, Zhong, Xiyang, Zhao, Yanyan, Zheng, Zhi
Format: Artikel
Sprache:eng
Schlagworte:
Online-Zugang:Volltext
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
container_end_page 2476
container_issue 4
container_start_page 2467
container_title Journal of the science of food and agriculture
container_volume 104
creator Liu, Huihui
Wang, Zijun
Xu, Jingjing
Ji, Fuyun
Luo, Shuizhong
Zhong, Xiyang
Zhao, Yanyan
Zheng, Zhi
description BACKGROUND The application of curcumin (Cur) in the food industry is usually limited by its low water solubility and poor stability. This study aimed to fabricate self‐assembled nanoparticles using pea vicilin (7S) through a pH‐shifting method (pH 7–pH 12–pH 7) to develop water‐soluble nanocarriers of Cur. RESULTS Intrinsic fluorescence, far‐UV circular dichroism spectra and transmission electron microscopy analysis demonstrated that the structure of 7S could be unfolded at pH 12.0 and refolded when the pH shifted to 7.0. The assembled 7S–Cur exhibited a high loading ability of 81.63 μg mg−1 for Cur and homogeneous particle distribution. Cur was encapsulated in the 7S hydrophobic nucleus in an amorphous form and combined through hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding, resulting in the static fluorescence quenching of 7S. Compared with free Cur, the retention rates of Cur in 7S–Cur were approximately 1.12 and 1.70 times higher under UV exposure at 365 nm or heating at 75 °C for 120 min, respectively, as well as 7S–Cur showing approximately 1.50 times higher antioxidant activity. During simulated gastrointestinal experiments, 7S–Cur exhibited a better sustained‐release property than free Cur. CONCLUSION The self‐assembled 7S nanocarriers prepared using a pH‐shifting method effectively improved the antioxidant activity, environmental stability and sustained‐release property of Cur. Therefore, 7S isolated from pea protein could be used as potential nanocarriers for Cur. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
doi_str_mv 10.1002/jsfa.13132
format Article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2892267718</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2892267718</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3522-6ff84494e18e3b418215e9534ee27dbe89292f1b5798ddef49a3037d110b95843</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kc1uFSEYhomxsafVjRdgSNyYxlP5mx-WTWP9SRMX1fWEgQ_lhIERmKNn10voXXhfvRJpT3XhwtUX4MnDCy9Czyk5pYSwN5ts1SnllLNHaEWJ7NaEUPIYreohWzdUsEN0lPOGECJl2z5Bh7yTfcuEWKFfV-Dt7fWNyhmm0YPBMyi8ddp5F3BQIc4qFac9ZKzy_YZWKTlIGduYsJvmFLcufMXlG2AVios_nakTK13c1pXdawxh61IME4SiPM5FjVVedpU2OC917QKYmiGBB5UBV-MMqQLRYr0kvUwuPEUHVvkMzx7mMfpy8fbz-fv15ad3H87PLteaN_WxrbW9EFIA7YGPgvaMNiAbLgBYZ0boJZPM0rGpH2AMWCEVJ7wzlJJRNr3gx-jV3ltDfF8gl2FyWYP3KkBc8sCqgbVdR_uKvvwH3cQlhZpuqJfwtu2paCp1sqd0ijknsMOc3KTSbqBkuKtvuKtvuK-vwi8elMs4gfmL_umrAnQP_HAedv9RDR-vLs720t_O_qr0</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2923668145</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Self‐assembled pea vicilin nanoparticles as nanocarriers for improving the antioxidant activity, environmental stability and sustained‐release property of curcumin</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete</source><creator>Liu, Huihui ; Wang, Zijun ; Xu, Jingjing ; Ji, Fuyun ; Luo, Shuizhong ; Zhong, Xiyang ; Zhao, Yanyan ; Zheng, Zhi</creator><creatorcontrib>Liu, Huihui ; Wang, Zijun ; Xu, Jingjing ; Ji, Fuyun ; Luo, Shuizhong ; Zhong, Xiyang ; Zhao, Yanyan ; Zheng, Zhi</creatorcontrib><description>BACKGROUND The application of curcumin (Cur) in the food industry is usually limited by its low water solubility and poor stability. This study aimed to fabricate self‐assembled nanoparticles using pea vicilin (7S) through a pH‐shifting method (pH 7–pH 12–pH 7) to develop water‐soluble nanocarriers of Cur. RESULTS Intrinsic fluorescence, far‐UV circular dichroism spectra and transmission electron microscopy analysis demonstrated that the structure of 7S could be unfolded at pH 12.0 and refolded when the pH shifted to 7.0. The assembled 7S–Cur exhibited a high loading ability of 81.63 μg mg−1 for Cur and homogeneous particle distribution. Cur was encapsulated in the 7S hydrophobic nucleus in an amorphous form and combined through hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding, resulting in the static fluorescence quenching of 7S. Compared with free Cur, the retention rates of Cur in 7S–Cur were approximately 1.12 and 1.70 times higher under UV exposure at 365 nm or heating at 75 °C for 120 min, respectively, as well as 7S–Cur showing approximately 1.50 times higher antioxidant activity. During simulated gastrointestinal experiments, 7S–Cur exhibited a better sustained‐release property than free Cur. CONCLUSION The self‐assembled 7S nanocarriers prepared using a pH‐shifting method effectively improved the antioxidant activity, environmental stability and sustained‐release property of Cur. Therefore, 7S isolated from pea protein could be used as potential nanocarriers for Cur. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-5142</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1097-0010</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13132</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37986244</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Chichester, UK: John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd</publisher><subject>Antioxidants ; Circular dichroism ; Curcumin ; Curcumin - chemistry ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Dichroism ; Drug Carriers - chemistry ; Fluorescence ; Food industry ; Hydrogen bonding ; Hydrophobicity ; nanocomplexes ; Nanoparticles ; Nanoparticles - chemistry ; Particle Size ; pea vicilin ; Peas ; pH effects ; pH‐shifting ; Pisum sativum ; Seed Storage Proteins ; Self-assembly ; Stability ; Transmission electron microscopy ; Ultraviolet radiation ; Water</subject><ispartof>Journal of the science of food and agriculture, 2024-03, Vol.104 (4), p.2467-2476</ispartof><rights>2023 Society of Chemical Industry.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3522-6ff84494e18e3b418215e9534ee27dbe89292f1b5798ddef49a3037d110b95843</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-6663-5936 ; 0000-0003-4879-2732</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Fjsfa.13132$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Fjsfa.13132$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,778,782,1414,27907,27908,45557,45558</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37986244$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Liu, Huihui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Zijun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Jingjing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ji, Fuyun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Luo, Shuizhong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhong, Xiyang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Yanyan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zheng, Zhi</creatorcontrib><title>Self‐assembled pea vicilin nanoparticles as nanocarriers for improving the antioxidant activity, environmental stability and sustained‐release property of curcumin</title><title>Journal of the science of food and agriculture</title><addtitle>J Sci Food Agric</addtitle><description>BACKGROUND The application of curcumin (Cur) in the food industry is usually limited by its low water solubility and poor stability. This study aimed to fabricate self‐assembled nanoparticles using pea vicilin (7S) through a pH‐shifting method (pH 7–pH 12–pH 7) to develop water‐soluble nanocarriers of Cur. RESULTS Intrinsic fluorescence, far‐UV circular dichroism spectra and transmission electron microscopy analysis demonstrated that the structure of 7S could be unfolded at pH 12.0 and refolded when the pH shifted to 7.0. The assembled 7S–Cur exhibited a high loading ability of 81.63 μg mg−1 for Cur and homogeneous particle distribution. Cur was encapsulated in the 7S hydrophobic nucleus in an amorphous form and combined through hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding, resulting in the static fluorescence quenching of 7S. Compared with free Cur, the retention rates of Cur in 7S–Cur were approximately 1.12 and 1.70 times higher under UV exposure at 365 nm or heating at 75 °C for 120 min, respectively, as well as 7S–Cur showing approximately 1.50 times higher antioxidant activity. During simulated gastrointestinal experiments, 7S–Cur exhibited a better sustained‐release property than free Cur. CONCLUSION The self‐assembled 7S nanocarriers prepared using a pH‐shifting method effectively improved the antioxidant activity, environmental stability and sustained‐release property of Cur. Therefore, 7S isolated from pea protein could be used as potential nanocarriers for Cur. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.</description><subject>Antioxidants</subject><subject>Circular dichroism</subject><subject>Curcumin</subject><subject>Curcumin - chemistry</subject><subject>Delayed-Action Preparations</subject><subject>Dichroism</subject><subject>Drug Carriers - chemistry</subject><subject>Fluorescence</subject><subject>Food industry</subject><subject>Hydrogen bonding</subject><subject>Hydrophobicity</subject><subject>nanocomplexes</subject><subject>Nanoparticles</subject><subject>Nanoparticles - chemistry</subject><subject>Particle Size</subject><subject>pea vicilin</subject><subject>Peas</subject><subject>pH effects</subject><subject>pH‐shifting</subject><subject>Pisum sativum</subject><subject>Seed Storage Proteins</subject><subject>Self-assembly</subject><subject>Stability</subject><subject>Transmission electron microscopy</subject><subject>Ultraviolet radiation</subject><subject>Water</subject><issn>0022-5142</issn><issn>1097-0010</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kc1uFSEYhomxsafVjRdgSNyYxlP5mx-WTWP9SRMX1fWEgQ_lhIERmKNn10voXXhfvRJpT3XhwtUX4MnDCy9Czyk5pYSwN5ts1SnllLNHaEWJ7NaEUPIYreohWzdUsEN0lPOGECJl2z5Bh7yTfcuEWKFfV-Dt7fWNyhmm0YPBMyi8ddp5F3BQIc4qFac9ZKzy_YZWKTlIGduYsJvmFLcufMXlG2AVios_nakTK13c1pXdawxh61IME4SiPM5FjVVedpU2OC917QKYmiGBB5UBV-MMqQLRYr0kvUwuPEUHVvkMzx7mMfpy8fbz-fv15ad3H87PLteaN_WxrbW9EFIA7YGPgvaMNiAbLgBYZ0boJZPM0rGpH2AMWCEVJ7wzlJJRNr3gx-jV3ltDfF8gl2FyWYP3KkBc8sCqgbVdR_uKvvwH3cQlhZpuqJfwtu2paCp1sqd0ijknsMOc3KTSbqBkuKtvuKtvuK-vwi8elMs4gfmL_umrAnQP_HAedv9RDR-vLs720t_O_qr0</recordid><startdate>20240315</startdate><enddate>20240315</enddate><creator>Liu, Huihui</creator><creator>Wang, Zijun</creator><creator>Xu, Jingjing</creator><creator>Ji, Fuyun</creator><creator>Luo, Shuizhong</creator><creator>Zhong, Xiyang</creator><creator>Zhao, Yanyan</creator><creator>Zheng, Zhi</creator><general>John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd</general><general>John Wiley and Sons, Limited</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QF</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QQ</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7SC</scope><scope>7SE</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TA</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>H8G</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>JQ2</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>L~C</scope><scope>L~D</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6663-5936</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4879-2732</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20240315</creationdate><title>Self‐assembled pea vicilin nanoparticles as nanocarriers for improving the antioxidant activity, environmental stability and sustained‐release property of curcumin</title><author>Liu, Huihui ; Wang, Zijun ; Xu, Jingjing ; Ji, Fuyun ; Luo, Shuizhong ; Zhong, Xiyang ; Zhao, Yanyan ; Zheng, Zhi</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3522-6ff84494e18e3b418215e9534ee27dbe89292f1b5798ddef49a3037d110b95843</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Antioxidants</topic><topic>Circular dichroism</topic><topic>Curcumin</topic><topic>Curcumin - chemistry</topic><topic>Delayed-Action Preparations</topic><topic>Dichroism</topic><topic>Drug Carriers - chemistry</topic><topic>Fluorescence</topic><topic>Food industry</topic><topic>Hydrogen bonding</topic><topic>Hydrophobicity</topic><topic>nanocomplexes</topic><topic>Nanoparticles</topic><topic>Nanoparticles - chemistry</topic><topic>Particle Size</topic><topic>pea vicilin</topic><topic>Peas</topic><topic>pH effects</topic><topic>pH‐shifting</topic><topic>Pisum sativum</topic><topic>Seed Storage Proteins</topic><topic>Self-assembly</topic><topic>Stability</topic><topic>Transmission electron microscopy</topic><topic>Ultraviolet radiation</topic><topic>Water</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Liu, Huihui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Zijun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Jingjing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ji, Fuyun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Luo, Shuizhong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhong, Xiyang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Yanyan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zheng, Zhi</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Aluminium Industry Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Ceramic Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts</collection><collection>Corrosion Abstracts</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Electronics &amp; Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Materials Business File</collection><collection>Mechanical &amp; Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology &amp; Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Copper Technical Reference Library</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Computer Science Collection</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts – Academic</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of the science of food and agriculture</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Liu, Huihui</au><au>Wang, Zijun</au><au>Xu, Jingjing</au><au>Ji, Fuyun</au><au>Luo, Shuizhong</au><au>Zhong, Xiyang</au><au>Zhao, Yanyan</au><au>Zheng, Zhi</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Self‐assembled pea vicilin nanoparticles as nanocarriers for improving the antioxidant activity, environmental stability and sustained‐release property of curcumin</atitle><jtitle>Journal of the science of food and agriculture</jtitle><addtitle>J Sci Food Agric</addtitle><date>2024-03-15</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>104</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>2467</spage><epage>2476</epage><pages>2467-2476</pages><issn>0022-5142</issn><eissn>1097-0010</eissn><abstract>BACKGROUND The application of curcumin (Cur) in the food industry is usually limited by its low water solubility and poor stability. This study aimed to fabricate self‐assembled nanoparticles using pea vicilin (7S) through a pH‐shifting method (pH 7–pH 12–pH 7) to develop water‐soluble nanocarriers of Cur. RESULTS Intrinsic fluorescence, far‐UV circular dichroism spectra and transmission electron microscopy analysis demonstrated that the structure of 7S could be unfolded at pH 12.0 and refolded when the pH shifted to 7.0. The assembled 7S–Cur exhibited a high loading ability of 81.63 μg mg−1 for Cur and homogeneous particle distribution. Cur was encapsulated in the 7S hydrophobic nucleus in an amorphous form and combined through hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding, resulting in the static fluorescence quenching of 7S. Compared with free Cur, the retention rates of Cur in 7S–Cur were approximately 1.12 and 1.70 times higher under UV exposure at 365 nm or heating at 75 °C for 120 min, respectively, as well as 7S–Cur showing approximately 1.50 times higher antioxidant activity. During simulated gastrointestinal experiments, 7S–Cur exhibited a better sustained‐release property than free Cur. CONCLUSION The self‐assembled 7S nanocarriers prepared using a pH‐shifting method effectively improved the antioxidant activity, environmental stability and sustained‐release property of Cur. Therefore, 7S isolated from pea protein could be used as potential nanocarriers for Cur. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.</abstract><cop>Chichester, UK</cop><pub>John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd</pub><pmid>37986244</pmid><doi>10.1002/jsfa.13132</doi><tpages>10</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6663-5936</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4879-2732</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 0022-5142
ispartof Journal of the science of food and agriculture, 2024-03, Vol.104 (4), p.2467-2476
issn 0022-5142
1097-0010
language eng
recordid cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2892267718
source MEDLINE; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete
subjects Antioxidants
Circular dichroism
Curcumin
Curcumin - chemistry
Delayed-Action Preparations
Dichroism
Drug Carriers - chemistry
Fluorescence
Food industry
Hydrogen bonding
Hydrophobicity
nanocomplexes
Nanoparticles
Nanoparticles - chemistry
Particle Size
pea vicilin
Peas
pH effects
pH‐shifting
Pisum sativum
Seed Storage Proteins
Self-assembly
Stability
Transmission electron microscopy
Ultraviolet radiation
Water
title Self‐assembled pea vicilin nanoparticles as nanocarriers for improving the antioxidant activity, environmental stability and sustained‐release property of curcumin
url https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-16T09%3A16%3A56IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Self%E2%80%90assembled%20pea%20vicilin%20nanoparticles%20as%20nanocarriers%20for%20improving%20the%20antioxidant%20activity,%20environmental%20stability%20and%20sustained%E2%80%90release%20property%20of%20curcumin&rft.jtitle=Journal%20of%20the%20science%20of%20food%20and%20agriculture&rft.au=Liu,%20Huihui&rft.date=2024-03-15&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=2467&rft.epage=2476&rft.pages=2467-2476&rft.issn=0022-5142&rft.eissn=1097-0010&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002/jsfa.13132&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E2892267718%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2923668145&rft_id=info:pmid/37986244&rfr_iscdi=true