Dynamics of the intertropical convergence zone of the east pacific
The dynamical factors controlling the mean state and variability of the east Pacific intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) and the associated cross-equatorial boundary layer flow are investigated using observations from the East Pacific Investigation of Climate (EPIC2001) project. The tropical east...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of the atmospheric sciences 2006-02, Vol.63 (2), p.582-597 |
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| creator | RAYMOND, David J BRETHERTON, Christopher S MOLINARI, John |
| description | The dynamical factors controlling the mean state and variability of the east Pacific intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) and the associated cross-equatorial boundary layer flow are investigated using observations from the East Pacific Investigation of Climate (EPIC2001) project. The tropical east Pacific exhibits a southerly boundary layer flow that terminates in the ITCZ. This flow is induced by the strong meridional sea surface temperature (SST) gradient in the region. Away from the equator and from deep convection, it is reasonably well described on a day-to-day basis by an extended Ekman balance model. Variability in the strength and northward extent of this flow is caused by variations in free-tropospheric pressure gradients that either reinforce or oppose the pressure gradient associated with the SST gradient. These free-tropospheric gradients are caused by easterly waves, tropical cyclones, and the Madden-Julian oscillation. Convergence in the boundary layer flow is often assumed to be responsible for destabilizing the atmosphere to deep convection. An alternative hypothesis is that enhanced total surface heat fluxes associated with high SSTs and strong winds act to produce the necessary destabilization. Analysis of the moist entropy budget of the planetary boundary layer shows that, on average, surface fluxes generate over twice the destabilization produced by boundary layer convergence in the east Pacific ITCZ. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1175/jas3642.1 |
| format | Article |
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The tropical east Pacific exhibits a southerly boundary layer flow that terminates in the ITCZ. This flow is induced by the strong meridional sea surface temperature (SST) gradient in the region. Away from the equator and from deep convection, it is reasonably well described on a day-to-day basis by an extended Ekman balance model. Variability in the strength and northward extent of this flow is caused by variations in free-tropospheric pressure gradients that either reinforce or oppose the pressure gradient associated with the SST gradient. These free-tropospheric gradients are caused by easterly waves, tropical cyclones, and the Madden-Julian oscillation. Convergence in the boundary layer flow is often assumed to be responsible for destabilizing the atmosphere to deep convection. An alternative hypothesis is that enhanced total surface heat fluxes associated with high SSTs and strong winds act to produce the necessary destabilization. Analysis of the moist entropy budget of the planetary boundary layer shows that, on average, surface fluxes generate over twice the destabilization produced by boundary layer convergence in the east Pacific ITCZ.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-4928</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1520-0469</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1175/jas3642.1</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JAHSAK</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Boston, MA: American Meteorological Society</publisher><subject>Atmospheric boundary layer ; Atmospheric models ; Boundary layers ; Convection ; Convection, turbulence, diffusion. 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The tropical east Pacific exhibits a southerly boundary layer flow that terminates in the ITCZ. This flow is induced by the strong meridional sea surface temperature (SST) gradient in the region. Away from the equator and from deep convection, it is reasonably well described on a day-to-day basis by an extended Ekman balance model. Variability in the strength and northward extent of this flow is caused by variations in free-tropospheric pressure gradients that either reinforce or oppose the pressure gradient associated with the SST gradient. These free-tropospheric gradients are caused by easterly waves, tropical cyclones, and the Madden-Julian oscillation. Convergence in the boundary layer flow is often assumed to be responsible for destabilizing the atmosphere to deep convection. An alternative hypothesis is that enhanced total surface heat fluxes associated with high SSTs and strong winds act to produce the necessary destabilization. Analysis of the moist entropy budget of the planetary boundary layer shows that, on average, surface fluxes generate over twice the destabilization produced by boundary layer convergence in the east Pacific ITCZ.</description><subject>Atmospheric boundary layer</subject><subject>Atmospheric models</subject><subject>Boundary layers</subject><subject>Convection</subject><subject>Convection, turbulence, diffusion. Boundary layer structure and dynamics</subject><subject>Earth, ocean, space</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>External geophysics</subject><subject>Intertropical convergence zone</subject><subject>Marine</subject><subject>Meteorology</subject><subject>Sea surface temperature</subject><subject>Tropical cyclones</subject><subject>Troposphere</subject><subject>Weather forecasting</subject><issn>0022-4928</issn><issn>1520-0469</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2006</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNqN0U1LAzEQBuAgCtbqwX-wCAoets4km2z2WOs3BQ_qeUnTWd2yTWqyFeqvd0srghedy1yeeWFmGDtGGCDm8mJmolAZH-AO66HkkEKmil3WA-A8zQqu99lBjDPoiufYY5dXK2fmtY2Jr5L2jZLatRTa4Be1NU1ivfug8ErOUvLpHX0rMrFNFsbWVW0P2V5lmkhH295nLzfXz6O7dPx4ez8ajlObaWhTo8hyqRVlHCUKpdFOpiimqjKy0Ah8CpLIVBagyjifABVgLBfWCsFzoUWfnW1yF8G_Lym25byOlprGOPLLWHJdoNBK_QMCB5GLPyHmiABadvDkF5z5ZXDdtiUXSgJqnXXofINs8DEGqspFqOcmrEqEcv2c8mH4tH5OiZ093Qaa2N25CsbZOv4M5DKXkKP4AqgLjFA</recordid><startdate>20060201</startdate><enddate>20060201</enddate><creator>RAYMOND, David J</creator><creator>BRETHERTON, Christopher S</creator><creator>MOLINARI, John</creator><general>American Meteorological Society</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TN</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88F</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8AF</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>M1Q</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>R05</scope><scope>S0X</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>KR7</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20060201</creationdate><title>Dynamics of the intertropical convergence zone of the east pacific</title><author>RAYMOND, David J ; BRETHERTON, Christopher S ; MOLINARI, John</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c480t-a6ec2586e421513681cbd13d6fa598102d05eeafc00f422b0e90ac23cc3327383</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2006</creationdate><topic>Atmospheric boundary layer</topic><topic>Atmospheric models</topic><topic>Boundary layers</topic><topic>Convection</topic><topic>Convection, turbulence, diffusion. Boundary layer structure and dynamics</topic><topic>Earth, ocean, space</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>External geophysics</topic><topic>Intertropical convergence zone</topic><topic>Marine</topic><topic>Meteorology</topic><topic>Sea surface temperature</topic><topic>Tropical cyclones</topic><topic>Troposphere</topic><topic>Weather forecasting</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>RAYMOND, David J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>BRETHERTON, Christopher S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MOLINARI, John</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Oceanic Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Military Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>STEM Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>eLibrary</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Military Database</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>University of Michigan</collection><collection>SIRS Editorial</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Journal of the atmospheric sciences</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>RAYMOND, David J</au><au>BRETHERTON, Christopher S</au><au>MOLINARI, John</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Dynamics of the intertropical convergence zone of the east pacific</atitle><jtitle>Journal of the atmospheric sciences</jtitle><date>2006-02-01</date><risdate>2006</risdate><volume>63</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>582</spage><epage>597</epage><pages>582-597</pages><issn>0022-4928</issn><eissn>1520-0469</eissn><coden>JAHSAK</coden><abstract>The dynamical factors controlling the mean state and variability of the east Pacific intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) and the associated cross-equatorial boundary layer flow are investigated using observations from the East Pacific Investigation of Climate (EPIC2001) project. The tropical east Pacific exhibits a southerly boundary layer flow that terminates in the ITCZ. This flow is induced by the strong meridional sea surface temperature (SST) gradient in the region. Away from the equator and from deep convection, it is reasonably well described on a day-to-day basis by an extended Ekman balance model. Variability in the strength and northward extent of this flow is caused by variations in free-tropospheric pressure gradients that either reinforce or oppose the pressure gradient associated with the SST gradient. These free-tropospheric gradients are caused by easterly waves, tropical cyclones, and the Madden-Julian oscillation. Convergence in the boundary layer flow is often assumed to be responsible for destabilizing the atmosphere to deep convection. An alternative hypothesis is that enhanced total surface heat fluxes associated with high SSTs and strong winds act to produce the necessary destabilization. Analysis of the moist entropy budget of the planetary boundary layer shows that, on average, surface fluxes generate over twice the destabilization produced by boundary layer convergence in the east Pacific ITCZ.</abstract><cop>Boston, MA</cop><pub>American Meteorological Society</pub><doi>10.1175/jas3642.1</doi><tpages>16</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Journal of the atmospheric sciences, 2006-02, Vol.63 (2), p.582-597 |
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| language | eng |
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| source | American Meteorological Society; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Atmospheric boundary layer Atmospheric models Boundary layers Convection Convection, turbulence, diffusion. Boundary layer structure and dynamics Earth, ocean, space Exact sciences and technology External geophysics Intertropical convergence zone Marine Meteorology Sea surface temperature Tropical cyclones Troposphere Weather forecasting |
| title | Dynamics of the intertropical convergence zone of the east pacific |
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