Oral mucosa involvement in pediatric patients with xeroderma pigmentosum: a comprehensive review

Background Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder presenting with an inability to repair UV‐induced DNA damage. This can lead to the development of neoplasms affecting multiple organ systems, with onset often in childhood. Unfortunately, no cure currently exists for XP, and management strategies focus on sun protection and early intervention for malignancies. Although most skin problems in XP patients are UV induced, various oral lesions are also described. However, the literature has not extensively characterized the oral manifestations and their prognostic significance. Methods We conducted a comprehensive review to evaluate the prevalence and nature of oral mucosal lesions in pediatric XP patients. Results Our literature search yielded 130 pediatric XP patients with oral involvement and 210 associated tumoral or non‐tumoral lesions. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common type of oral mucosal tumor reported, with other malignancies including basal cell carcinoma, melanoma, angiosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, and trichilemmal carcinoma. Conclusion Given the potential morbidity and mortality associated with oral mucosal tumors in XP patients, our study aims to raise awareness of these manifestations. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing these lesions effectively, and routine oral exams should be considered a critical component of dermatological evaluations for XP patients, especially in the pediatric age group.