Evolution of ventricular and valve function in patients with right ventricular pacing – A randomized controlled trial comparing leadless and conventional pacing

Background Leadless pacemakers (PMs) were recently introduced to overcome lead‐related complications. They showed high safety and efficacy profiles. Prospective studies assessing long‐term safety on cardiac structures are still missing. Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the mechanical impact of Micra with conventional PM on heart function. Methods We conducted a non‐inferiority trial in patients with an indication for single chamber ventricular pacing. Patients were 1:1 randomized to undergo implantation of either Micra or conventional monochamber ventricular pacemaker (PM). Patients underwent echocardiography at baseline, 6 and 12 months after implantation. Analysis included left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), global longitudinal strain (GLS) and valve function. N‐terminal‐pro hormone B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐pro‐BNP) levels were measured at baseline and 12 months. Results Fifty‐one patients (27 in Micra group and 24 in conventional group) were included. Baseline characteristics were similar for both groups. At 12 months, (1) the left ventricular function as assessed by LVEF and GLS worsened similarly in both groups (∆LVEF −10 ± 7.3% and ∆GLS +5.7 ± 6.4 in Micra group vs. −13.4 ± 9.9% and +5.2 ± 3.2 in conventional group) (p = 0.218 and 0.778, respectively), (2) the severity of tricuspid valve regurgitation was significantly lower with Micra than conventional pacing (p = 0.009) and (3) median NT‐pro‐BNP was lower in Micra group (970 pg/dL in Micra group versus 1394 pg/dL in conventional group, p = 0.041). Conclusion Micra is non inferior to conventional PMs concerning the evolution of left ventricular function at 12‐month follow‐up. Our data suggest that Micra has a comparable mechanical impact on the ventricular systolic function but resulted in less valvular dysfunction.