The Impact of Al2O3 Particles from Grit-Blasted Ti6Al7Nb (Alloy) Implant Surfaces on Biocompatibility, Aseptic Loosening, and Infection
For the improvement of surface roughness, titanium joint arthroplasty (TJA) components are grit-blasted with Al2O3 (corundum) particles during manufacturing. There is an acute concern, particularly with uncemented implants, about polymeric, metallic, and corundum debris generation and accumulation i...
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| creator | Kocjančič, Boštjan Avsec, Klemen Šetina Batič, Barbara Feizpour, Darja Godec, Matjaž Kralj-Iglič, Veronika Podlipec, Rok Cör, Andrej Debeljak, Mojca Grant, John T. Jenko, Monika Dolinar, Drago |
| description | For the improvement of surface roughness, titanium joint arthroplasty (TJA) components are grit-blasted with Al2O3 (corundum) particles during manufacturing. There is an acute concern, particularly with uncemented implants, about polymeric, metallic, and corundum debris generation and accumulation in TJA, and its association with osteolysis and implant loosening. The surface morphology, chemistry, phase analysis, and surface chemistry of retrieved and new Al2O3 grit-blasted titanium alloy were determined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and confocal laser fluorescence microscopy, respectively. Peri-prosthetic soft tissue was studied with histopathology. Blasted retrieved and new stems were exposed to human mesenchymal stromal stem cells (BMSCs) for 7 days to test biocompatibility and cytotoxicity. We found metallic particles in the peri-prosthetic soft tissue. Ti6Al7Nb with the residual Al2O3 particles exhibited a low cytotoxic effect while polished titanium and ceramic disks exhibited no cytotoxic effect. None of the tested materials caused cell death or even a zone of inhibition. Our results indicate a possible biological effect of the blasting debris; however, we found no significant toxicity with these materials. Further studies on the optimal size and properties of the blasting particles are indicated for minimizing their adverse biological effects. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ma16216867 |
| format | Article |
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There is an acute concern, particularly with uncemented implants, about polymeric, metallic, and corundum debris generation and accumulation in TJA, and its association with osteolysis and implant loosening. The surface morphology, chemistry, phase analysis, and surface chemistry of retrieved and new Al2O3 grit-blasted titanium alloy were determined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and confocal laser fluorescence microscopy, respectively. Peri-prosthetic soft tissue was studied with histopathology. Blasted retrieved and new stems were exposed to human mesenchymal stromal stem cells (BMSCs) for 7 days to test biocompatibility and cytotoxicity. We found metallic particles in the peri-prosthetic soft tissue. Ti6Al7Nb with the residual Al2O3 particles exhibited a low cytotoxic effect while polished titanium and ceramic disks exhibited no cytotoxic effect. None of the tested materials caused cell death or even a zone of inhibition. Our results indicate a possible biological effect of the blasting debris; however, we found no significant toxicity with these materials. Further studies on the optimal size and properties of the blasting particles are indicated for minimizing their adverse biological effects.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1996-1944</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1996-1944</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ma16216867</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Aluminum oxide ; Biocompatibility ; Biological effects ; Blasting ; Cell death ; Contact angle ; Corrosion resistance ; Corundum ; Cytotoxicity ; Debris ; Electron microscopy ; Failure ; Grit ; Infections ; Investigations ; Joint surgery ; Life expectancy ; Loosening ; Manufacturers ; Metal particles ; Morphology ; Photoelectrons ; Prostheses ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Soft tissues ; Stem cells ; Surface chemistry ; Surface roughness ; Surgical implants ; Titanium alloys ; Titanium base alloys ; Toxicity testing ; Transplants & implants ; X ray photoelectron spectroscopy</subject><ispartof>Materials, 2023-11, Vol.16 (21), p.6867</ispartof><rights>2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c328t-88a81734309b5f9004f7c5e36b4012774a6ac58f411bf2e2e5686885fe7446a83</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c328t-88a81734309b5f9004f7c5e36b4012774a6ac58f411bf2e2e5686885fe7446a83</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-0866-6424 ; 0000-0001-5243-4095 ; 0000-0002-8452-9993 ; 0000-0002-1269-3364</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>315,782,786,27931,27932</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kocjančič, Boštjan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Avsec, Klemen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Šetina Batič, Barbara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Feizpour, Darja</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Godec, Matjaž</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kralj-Iglič, Veronika</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Podlipec, Rok</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cör, Andrej</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Debeljak, Mojca</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grant, John T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jenko, Monika</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dolinar, Drago</creatorcontrib><title>The Impact of Al2O3 Particles from Grit-Blasted Ti6Al7Nb (Alloy) Implant Surfaces on Biocompatibility, Aseptic Loosening, and Infection</title><title>Materials</title><description>For the improvement of surface roughness, titanium joint arthroplasty (TJA) components are grit-blasted with Al2O3 (corundum) particles during manufacturing. There is an acute concern, particularly with uncemented implants, about polymeric, metallic, and corundum debris generation and accumulation in TJA, and its association with osteolysis and implant loosening. The surface morphology, chemistry, phase analysis, and surface chemistry of retrieved and new Al2O3 grit-blasted titanium alloy were determined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and confocal laser fluorescence microscopy, respectively. Peri-prosthetic soft tissue was studied with histopathology. Blasted retrieved and new stems were exposed to human mesenchymal stromal stem cells (BMSCs) for 7 days to test biocompatibility and cytotoxicity. We found metallic particles in the peri-prosthetic soft tissue. Ti6Al7Nb with the residual Al2O3 particles exhibited a low cytotoxic effect while polished titanium and ceramic disks exhibited no cytotoxic effect. None of the tested materials caused cell death or even a zone of inhibition. Our results indicate a possible biological effect of the blasting debris; however, we found no significant toxicity with these materials. Further studies on the optimal size and properties of the blasting particles are indicated for minimizing their adverse biological effects.</description><subject>Aluminum oxide</subject><subject>Biocompatibility</subject><subject>Biological effects</subject><subject>Blasting</subject><subject>Cell death</subject><subject>Contact angle</subject><subject>Corrosion resistance</subject><subject>Corundum</subject><subject>Cytotoxicity</subject><subject>Debris</subject><subject>Electron microscopy</subject><subject>Failure</subject><subject>Grit</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Investigations</subject><subject>Joint surgery</subject><subject>Life expectancy</subject><subject>Loosening</subject><subject>Manufacturers</subject><subject>Metal particles</subject><subject>Morphology</subject><subject>Photoelectrons</subject><subject>Prostheses</subject><subject>Scanning electron microscopy</subject><subject>Soft tissues</subject><subject>Stem cells</subject><subject>Surface chemistry</subject><subject>Surface roughness</subject><subject>Surgical implants</subject><subject>Titanium alloys</subject><subject>Titanium base alloys</subject><subject>Toxicity testing</subject><subject>Transplants & implants</subject><subject>X ray photoelectron spectroscopy</subject><issn>1996-1944</issn><issn>1996-1944</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkU1OwzAQhSMEElXphhNYYlNQA_FPEnuZVlAqVRSJso4c1wZXThxsZ9ETcG1cgQRiNjOL7z3NvEmSS5jdYsyyu5bDAsGCFuVJMoKMFSlkhJz-mc-Tiff7LBbGkCI2Sj637xKs2p6LAKwClUEbDJ65C1oY6YFytgVLp0M6N9wHuQNbXVSmfGrAtDLGHq6PYsO7AF4Gp7iIGtuBubbCRtOgG210OMxA5WUfPcHaWi873b3NAO92YNUpKYK23UVyprjxcvLTx8nrw_128ZiuN8vVolqnAiMaUko5hSUmOGNNrliWEVWKXOKiIRlEZUl4wUVOFYGwUUgimcc4KM2VLAkpOMXjZPrt2zv7MUgf6lZ7IU08QdrB14hSxlhOUB7Rq3_o3g6ui9sdKRrzwxRH6uabEs5676Sqe6db7g41zOrjW-rft-Avu6Z9Ew</recordid><startdate>20231101</startdate><enddate>20231101</enddate><creator>Kocjančič, Boštjan</creator><creator>Avsec, Klemen</creator><creator>Šetina Batič, Barbara</creator><creator>Feizpour, Darja</creator><creator>Godec, Matjaž</creator><creator>Kralj-Iglič, Veronika</creator><creator>Podlipec, Rok</creator><creator>Cör, Andrej</creator><creator>Debeljak, Mojca</creator><creator>Grant, John T.</creator><creator>Jenko, Monika</creator><creator>Dolinar, Drago</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0866-6424</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5243-4095</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8452-9993</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1269-3364</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20231101</creationdate><title>The Impact of Al2O3 Particles from Grit-Blasted Ti6Al7Nb (Alloy) Implant Surfaces on Biocompatibility, Aseptic Loosening, and Infection</title><author>Kocjančič, Boštjan ; 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There is an acute concern, particularly with uncemented implants, about polymeric, metallic, and corundum debris generation and accumulation in TJA, and its association with osteolysis and implant loosening. The surface morphology, chemistry, phase analysis, and surface chemistry of retrieved and new Al2O3 grit-blasted titanium alloy were determined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and confocal laser fluorescence microscopy, respectively. Peri-prosthetic soft tissue was studied with histopathology. Blasted retrieved and new stems were exposed to human mesenchymal stromal stem cells (BMSCs) for 7 days to test biocompatibility and cytotoxicity. We found metallic particles in the peri-prosthetic soft tissue. Ti6Al7Nb with the residual Al2O3 particles exhibited a low cytotoxic effect while polished titanium and ceramic disks exhibited no cytotoxic effect. None of the tested materials caused cell death or even a zone of inhibition. Our results indicate a possible biological effect of the blasting debris; however, we found no significant toxicity with these materials. Further studies on the optimal size and properties of the blasting particles are indicated for minimizing their adverse biological effects.</abstract><cop>Basel</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><doi>10.3390/ma16216867</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0866-6424</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5243-4095</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8452-9993</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1269-3364</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central Open Access; MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Aluminum oxide Biocompatibility Biological effects Blasting Cell death Contact angle Corrosion resistance Corundum Cytotoxicity Debris Electron microscopy Failure Grit Infections Investigations Joint surgery Life expectancy Loosening Manufacturers Metal particles Morphology Photoelectrons Prostheses Scanning electron microscopy Soft tissues Stem cells Surface chemistry Surface roughness Surgical implants Titanium alloys Titanium base alloys Toxicity testing Transplants & implants X ray photoelectron spectroscopy |
| title | The Impact of Al2O3 Particles from Grit-Blasted Ti6Al7Nb (Alloy) Implant Surfaces on Biocompatibility, Aseptic Loosening, and Infection |
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