The effect of oxidative functionalization of carbon nanotubes on the morphological, optical, and photoelectrochemical properties of modified titanium dioxide photoanodes
In this work, we demonstrate the influence of the oxidative treatment of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the morphological, optical, and photoelectrochemical properties of CNTs-TiO 2 photoanodes. CNTs were synthesized by a chemical vapor deposition method (CVD) and subsequently oxidized in a mixture of H...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of materials science 2023-03, Vol.58 (12), p.5372-5388 |
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| creator | Peón-Díaz, Francisco J. del Río, Rodrigo Segura Hevia, Samuel Olivares, Fernanda Expósito-Gálvez, Juan Carlos Escalante, Renán Valadez-Villalobos, Karen Riquelme, Antonio J. Oskam, Gerko Henríquez, Ricardo |
| description | In this work, we demonstrate the influence of the oxidative treatment of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the morphological, optical, and photoelectrochemical properties of CNTs-TiO
2
photoanodes. CNTs were synthesized by a chemical vapor deposition method (CVD) and subsequently oxidized in a mixture of HNO
3
/H
2
SO
4
to introduce nitrogen- and oxygen-containing functional groups. The oxidation time was varied (45, 90, and 180 min) to obtain CNTs with different oxidation levels (CNTs-ox). Pristine and oxidized CNTs were deposited on ITO and used as substrates to fabricate ITO/CNTs/TiO
2
photoelectrodes by depositing a TiO
2
thin layer using a CVD procedure. The extent of oxidation of the CNTs was found to directly influence the homogeneity and morphology of the TiO
2
overlayer, its physical stability, and the optical and photoelectrochemical properties of the photoelectrodes. An optimum oxidative treatment was achieved for 90 min, leading to a CNTs-ox/TiO
2
electrode with the best performance. Compared to shorter and longer times, this sample showed the smallest bandgap and the best homogeneity of TiO
2
growth on the CNTs' surface. Optimal photoelectrochemical performance was also found for this sample (160 μA/cm
2
at 0 V vs. Ag/AgCl) in KCl (0.1 M) electrolyte (100 mW/cm
2
, Xenon arc lamp).
Graphical Abstract |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10853-023-08351-4 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_proqu</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2888022575</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A742851799</galeid><sourcerecordid>A742851799</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c425t-5834705d9c8747a51b28002179dbfba29ebc7899ef705d8caf35fa9362d9c7033</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kt1qFTEQxxdR8Fh9Aa8C3ih0az42TfayFD8KBUHrdchmJ-ek7CbHJCvVN-pbOusKUi8khEx2fv-Zyew0zUtGzxil6m1hVEvRUo5bC8na7lGzY1KJttNUPG52lHLe8u6cPW2elXJLKZWKs11zf3MAAt6DqyR5ku7CaGv4DsQv0dWQop3CT7saq9vZPKAVbUx1GaAQvFQMMKd8PKQp7YOz0ylJx7oZNo4EHTXBhAlycgeYVw855nSEXMMawqN8DD7ASGqoNoZlJmNYK4FNjNlGKM-bJ95OBV78OU-ar-_f3Vx-bK8_fbi6vLhuXcdlbaUWnaJy7J1WnbKSDVzj45nqx8EPlvcwOKX7HvxKaWe9kN724pyjRFEhTprXW1ys8dsCpZo5FAfTZCOkpRiutcZmSiURffUPepuWjC1DCnNo_CW9Rupso_Z2AhOiTzVbh2tcm5Ei-IDfL1THtcQyexS8eSBApsJd3dulFHP15fNDlm-sy6mUDN4cc5ht_mEYNetomG00DI6G-T0apkOR2EQF4biH_Lfu_6h-AUTMvuo</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2789885398</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>The effect of oxidative functionalization of carbon nanotubes on the morphological, optical, and photoelectrochemical properties of modified titanium dioxide photoanodes</title><source>SpringerLink Journals</source><creator>Peón-Díaz, Francisco J. ; del Río, Rodrigo Segura ; Hevia, Samuel ; Olivares, Fernanda ; Expósito-Gálvez, Juan Carlos ; Escalante, Renán ; Valadez-Villalobos, Karen ; Riquelme, Antonio J. ; Oskam, Gerko ; Henríquez, Ricardo</creator><creatorcontrib>Peón-Díaz, Francisco J. ; del Río, Rodrigo Segura ; Hevia, Samuel ; Olivares, Fernanda ; Expósito-Gálvez, Juan Carlos ; Escalante, Renán ; Valadez-Villalobos, Karen ; Riquelme, Antonio J. ; Oskam, Gerko ; Henríquez, Ricardo</creatorcontrib><description>In this work, we demonstrate the influence of the oxidative treatment of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the morphological, optical, and photoelectrochemical properties of CNTs-TiO
2
photoanodes. CNTs were synthesized by a chemical vapor deposition method (CVD) and subsequently oxidized in a mixture of HNO
3
/H
2
SO
4
to introduce nitrogen- and oxygen-containing functional groups. The oxidation time was varied (45, 90, and 180 min) to obtain CNTs with different oxidation levels (CNTs-ox). Pristine and oxidized CNTs were deposited on ITO and used as substrates to fabricate ITO/CNTs/TiO
2
photoelectrodes by depositing a TiO
2
thin layer using a CVD procedure. The extent of oxidation of the CNTs was found to directly influence the homogeneity and morphology of the TiO
2
overlayer, its physical stability, and the optical and photoelectrochemical properties of the photoelectrodes. An optimum oxidative treatment was achieved for 90 min, leading to a CNTs-ox/TiO
2
electrode with the best performance. Compared to shorter and longer times, this sample showed the smallest bandgap and the best homogeneity of TiO
2
growth on the CNTs' surface. Optimal photoelectrochemical performance was also found for this sample (160 μA/cm
2
at 0 V vs. Ag/AgCl) in KCl (0.1 M) electrolyte (100 mW/cm
2
, Xenon arc lamp).
Graphical Abstract</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-2461</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-4803</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10853-023-08351-4</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Springer US</publisher><subject>Analysis ; Arc lamps ; Carbon nanotubes ; Characterization and Evaluation of Materials ; Chemical synthesis ; Chemical vapor deposition ; Chemistry and Materials Science ; Classical Mechanics ; Crystallography and Scattering Methods ; electrolytes ; Electronic materials ; Electrons ; Energy Materials ; Functional groups ; Homogeneity ; Materials Science ; Morphology ; Nanotubes ; Optical properties ; Optimization ; Oxidation ; Photoanodes ; photoelectrodes ; Polymer Sciences ; Solid Mechanics ; Substrates ; Sulfuric acid ; Titanium dioxide ; vapors ; Xenon</subject><ispartof>Journal of materials science, 2023-03, Vol.58 (12), p.5372-5388</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2023 Springer</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c425t-5834705d9c8747a51b28002179dbfba29ebc7899ef705d8caf35fa9362d9c7033</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c425t-5834705d9c8747a51b28002179dbfba29ebc7899ef705d8caf35fa9362d9c7033</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-0928-0021</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10853-023-08351-4$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10853-023-08351-4$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Peón-Díaz, Francisco J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>del Río, Rodrigo Segura</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hevia, Samuel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Olivares, Fernanda</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Expósito-Gálvez, Juan Carlos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Escalante, Renán</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Valadez-Villalobos, Karen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Riquelme, Antonio J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oskam, Gerko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Henríquez, Ricardo</creatorcontrib><title>The effect of oxidative functionalization of carbon nanotubes on the morphological, optical, and photoelectrochemical properties of modified titanium dioxide photoanodes</title><title>Journal of materials science</title><addtitle>J Mater Sci</addtitle><description>In this work, we demonstrate the influence of the oxidative treatment of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the morphological, optical, and photoelectrochemical properties of CNTs-TiO
2
photoanodes. CNTs were synthesized by a chemical vapor deposition method (CVD) and subsequently oxidized in a mixture of HNO
3
/H
2
SO
4
to introduce nitrogen- and oxygen-containing functional groups. The oxidation time was varied (45, 90, and 180 min) to obtain CNTs with different oxidation levels (CNTs-ox). Pristine and oxidized CNTs were deposited on ITO and used as substrates to fabricate ITO/CNTs/TiO
2
photoelectrodes by depositing a TiO
2
thin layer using a CVD procedure. The extent of oxidation of the CNTs was found to directly influence the homogeneity and morphology of the TiO
2
overlayer, its physical stability, and the optical and photoelectrochemical properties of the photoelectrodes. An optimum oxidative treatment was achieved for 90 min, leading to a CNTs-ox/TiO
2
electrode with the best performance. Compared to shorter and longer times, this sample showed the smallest bandgap and the best homogeneity of TiO
2
growth on the CNTs' surface. Optimal photoelectrochemical performance was also found for this sample (160 μA/cm
2
at 0 V vs. Ag/AgCl) in KCl (0.1 M) electrolyte (100 mW/cm
2
, Xenon arc lamp).
Graphical Abstract</description><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Arc lamps</subject><subject>Carbon nanotubes</subject><subject>Characterization and Evaluation of Materials</subject><subject>Chemical synthesis</subject><subject>Chemical vapor deposition</subject><subject>Chemistry and Materials Science</subject><subject>Classical Mechanics</subject><subject>Crystallography and Scattering Methods</subject><subject>electrolytes</subject><subject>Electronic materials</subject><subject>Electrons</subject><subject>Energy Materials</subject><subject>Functional groups</subject><subject>Homogeneity</subject><subject>Materials Science</subject><subject>Morphology</subject><subject>Nanotubes</subject><subject>Optical properties</subject><subject>Optimization</subject><subject>Oxidation</subject><subject>Photoanodes</subject><subject>photoelectrodes</subject><subject>Polymer Sciences</subject><subject>Solid Mechanics</subject><subject>Substrates</subject><subject>Sulfuric acid</subject><subject>Titanium dioxide</subject><subject>vapors</subject><subject>Xenon</subject><issn>0022-2461</issn><issn>1573-4803</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kt1qFTEQxxdR8Fh9Aa8C3ih0az42TfayFD8KBUHrdchmJ-ek7CbHJCvVN-pbOusKUi8khEx2fv-Zyew0zUtGzxil6m1hVEvRUo5bC8na7lGzY1KJttNUPG52lHLe8u6cPW2elXJLKZWKs11zf3MAAt6DqyR5ku7CaGv4DsQv0dWQop3CT7saq9vZPKAVbUx1GaAQvFQMMKd8PKQp7YOz0ylJx7oZNo4EHTXBhAlycgeYVw855nSEXMMawqN8DD7ASGqoNoZlJmNYK4FNjNlGKM-bJ95OBV78OU-ar-_f3Vx-bK8_fbi6vLhuXcdlbaUWnaJy7J1WnbKSDVzj45nqx8EPlvcwOKX7HvxKaWe9kN724pyjRFEhTprXW1ys8dsCpZo5FAfTZCOkpRiutcZmSiURffUPepuWjC1DCnNo_CW9Rupso_Z2AhOiTzVbh2tcm5Ei-IDfL1THtcQyexS8eSBApsJd3dulFHP15fNDlm-sy6mUDN4cc5ht_mEYNetomG00DI6G-T0apkOR2EQF4biH_Lfu_6h-AUTMvuo</recordid><startdate>20230301</startdate><enddate>20230301</enddate><creator>Peón-Díaz, Francisco J.</creator><creator>del Río, Rodrigo Segura</creator><creator>Hevia, Samuel</creator><creator>Olivares, Fernanda</creator><creator>Expósito-Gálvez, Juan Carlos</creator><creator>Escalante, Renán</creator><creator>Valadez-Villalobos, Karen</creator><creator>Riquelme, Antonio J.</creator><creator>Oskam, Gerko</creator><creator>Henríquez, Ricardo</creator><general>Springer US</general><general>Springer</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>7S9</scope><scope>L.6</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0928-0021</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20230301</creationdate><title>The effect of oxidative functionalization of carbon nanotubes on the morphological, optical, and photoelectrochemical properties of modified titanium dioxide photoanodes</title><author>Peón-Díaz, Francisco J. ; del Río, Rodrigo Segura ; Hevia, Samuel ; Olivares, Fernanda ; Expósito-Gálvez, Juan Carlos ; Escalante, Renán ; Valadez-Villalobos, Karen ; Riquelme, Antonio J. ; Oskam, Gerko ; Henríquez, Ricardo</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c425t-5834705d9c8747a51b28002179dbfba29ebc7899ef705d8caf35fa9362d9c7033</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Arc lamps</topic><topic>Carbon nanotubes</topic><topic>Characterization and Evaluation of Materials</topic><topic>Chemical synthesis</topic><topic>Chemical vapor deposition</topic><topic>Chemistry and Materials Science</topic><topic>Classical Mechanics</topic><topic>Crystallography and Scattering Methods</topic><topic>electrolytes</topic><topic>Electronic materials</topic><topic>Electrons</topic><topic>Energy Materials</topic><topic>Functional groups</topic><topic>Homogeneity</topic><topic>Materials Science</topic><topic>Morphology</topic><topic>Nanotubes</topic><topic>Optical properties</topic><topic>Optimization</topic><topic>Oxidation</topic><topic>Photoanodes</topic><topic>photoelectrodes</topic><topic>Polymer Sciences</topic><topic>Solid Mechanics</topic><topic>Substrates</topic><topic>Sulfuric acid</topic><topic>Titanium dioxide</topic><topic>vapors</topic><topic>Xenon</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Peón-Díaz, Francisco J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>del Río, Rodrigo Segura</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hevia, Samuel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Olivares, Fernanda</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Expósito-Gálvez, Juan Carlos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Escalante, Renán</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Valadez-Villalobos, Karen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Riquelme, Antonio J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oskam, Gerko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Henríquez, Ricardo</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>AGRICOLA</collection><collection>AGRICOLA - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of materials science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Peón-Díaz, Francisco J.</au><au>del Río, Rodrigo Segura</au><au>Hevia, Samuel</au><au>Olivares, Fernanda</au><au>Expósito-Gálvez, Juan Carlos</au><au>Escalante, Renán</au><au>Valadez-Villalobos, Karen</au><au>Riquelme, Antonio J.</au><au>Oskam, Gerko</au><au>Henríquez, Ricardo</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The effect of oxidative functionalization of carbon nanotubes on the morphological, optical, and photoelectrochemical properties of modified titanium dioxide photoanodes</atitle><jtitle>Journal of materials science</jtitle><stitle>J Mater Sci</stitle><date>2023-03-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>58</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>5372</spage><epage>5388</epage><pages>5372-5388</pages><issn>0022-2461</issn><eissn>1573-4803</eissn><abstract>In this work, we demonstrate the influence of the oxidative treatment of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the morphological, optical, and photoelectrochemical properties of CNTs-TiO
2
photoanodes. CNTs were synthesized by a chemical vapor deposition method (CVD) and subsequently oxidized in a mixture of HNO
3
/H
2
SO
4
to introduce nitrogen- and oxygen-containing functional groups. The oxidation time was varied (45, 90, and 180 min) to obtain CNTs with different oxidation levels (CNTs-ox). Pristine and oxidized CNTs were deposited on ITO and used as substrates to fabricate ITO/CNTs/TiO
2
photoelectrodes by depositing a TiO
2
thin layer using a CVD procedure. The extent of oxidation of the CNTs was found to directly influence the homogeneity and morphology of the TiO
2
overlayer, its physical stability, and the optical and photoelectrochemical properties of the photoelectrodes. An optimum oxidative treatment was achieved for 90 min, leading to a CNTs-ox/TiO
2
electrode with the best performance. Compared to shorter and longer times, this sample showed the smallest bandgap and the best homogeneity of TiO
2
growth on the CNTs' surface. Optimal photoelectrochemical performance was also found for this sample (160 μA/cm
2
at 0 V vs. Ag/AgCl) in KCl (0.1 M) electrolyte (100 mW/cm
2
, Xenon arc lamp).
Graphical Abstract</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Springer US</pub><doi>10.1007/s10853-023-08351-4</doi><tpages>17</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0928-0021</orcidid></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
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| ispartof | Journal of materials science, 2023-03, Vol.58 (12), p.5372-5388 |
| issn | 0022-2461 1573-4803 |
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| source | SpringerLink Journals |
| subjects | Analysis Arc lamps Carbon nanotubes Characterization and Evaluation of Materials Chemical synthesis Chemical vapor deposition Chemistry and Materials Science Classical Mechanics Crystallography and Scattering Methods electrolytes Electronic materials Electrons Energy Materials Functional groups Homogeneity Materials Science Morphology Nanotubes Optical properties Optimization Oxidation Photoanodes photoelectrodes Polymer Sciences Solid Mechanics Substrates Sulfuric acid Titanium dioxide vapors Xenon |
| title | The effect of oxidative functionalization of carbon nanotubes on the morphological, optical, and photoelectrochemical properties of modified titanium dioxide photoanodes |
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