Geochemical characteristics and suspended sediments dynamics in the meltwater from the Gangotri Glacier, Garhwal Himalaya, India
The processes of erosion and suspended sediment delivery are important components of runoff originating from a glacier-fed basin. The magnitude of suspended sediments has important implications for channel morphology, material flux, geochemical cycling, and water quality of the river. This study inv...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental earth sciences 2023-03, Vol.82 (6), p.150-150, Article 150 |
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| creator | Joshi, Rajesh Khan, Abul Amir Pant, N. C. Agnihotri, Vasudha Verma, Kamlesh Kumar, Prem |
| description | The processes of erosion and suspended sediment delivery are important components of runoff originating from a glacier-fed basin. The magnitude of suspended sediments has important implications for channel morphology, material flux, geochemical cycling, and water quality of the river. This study investigates the dynamics of suspended sediment and its mineralogical and chemical characteristics with meltwater draining from Gangotri Glacier during the ablation season of 2012 in relation to hydrology and geology of the basin. Significant variations in suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) and Suspended sediment load (SSL) were observed. The results indicate that there may be a major source (or a few similar sources) of suspended sediment contributing to river discharge over the study site. The concentration of contributing sediment is either diluted by mixing with relatively clean snowmelt water or concentrated by stormwater after interaction with lithology. The major possible source(s) of suspended sediment lies beneath the glacier. In addition, significant variations in relative mineralogy (fine fraction of chlorite, quartz, K-feldspar, and plagioclase) and chemical analyses of alkali and heavy metal (K, Na, Fe, As, Mn, Cu) in the sediment suggest a significant role of subglacial meltwater in controlling the chemical composition of suspended sediment during the ablation season. Snow and glacier melt are the main factors controlling river discharge near the snout of Gangotri glacier. Further, the variability of snow and glacier meltwater due to temperature variation controls the dynamics of suspended sediment concentration. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s12665-023-10802-9 |
| format | Article |
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The results indicate that there may be a major source (or a few similar sources) of suspended sediment contributing to river discharge over the study site. The concentration of contributing sediment is either diluted by mixing with relatively clean snowmelt water or concentrated by stormwater after interaction with lithology. The major possible source(s) of suspended sediment lies beneath the glacier. In addition, significant variations in relative mineralogy (fine fraction of chlorite, quartz, K-feldspar, and plagioclase) and chemical analyses of alkali and heavy metal (K, Na, Fe, As, Mn, Cu) in the sediment suggest a significant role of subglacial meltwater in controlling the chemical composition of suspended sediment during the ablation season. Snow and glacier melt are the main factors controlling river discharge near the snout of Gangotri glacier. 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C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Agnihotri, Vasudha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Verma, Kamlesh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kumar, Prem</creatorcontrib><title>Geochemical characteristics and suspended sediments dynamics in the meltwater from the Gangotri Glacier, Garhwal Himalaya, India</title><title>Environmental earth sciences</title><addtitle>Environ Earth Sci</addtitle><description>The processes of erosion and suspended sediment delivery are important components of runoff originating from a glacier-fed basin. The magnitude of suspended sediments has important implications for channel morphology, material flux, geochemical cycling, and water quality of the river. This study investigates the dynamics of suspended sediment and its mineralogical and chemical characteristics with meltwater draining from Gangotri Glacier during the ablation season of 2012 in relation to hydrology and geology of the basin. Significant variations in suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) and Suspended sediment load (SSL) were observed. The results indicate that there may be a major source (or a few similar sources) of suspended sediment contributing to river discharge over the study site. The concentration of contributing sediment is either diluted by mixing with relatively clean snowmelt water or concentrated by stormwater after interaction with lithology. The major possible source(s) of suspended sediment lies beneath the glacier. In addition, significant variations in relative mineralogy (fine fraction of chlorite, quartz, K-feldspar, and plagioclase) and chemical analyses of alkali and heavy metal (K, Na, Fe, As, Mn, Cu) in the sediment suggest a significant role of subglacial meltwater in controlling the chemical composition of suspended sediment during the ablation season. Snow and glacier melt are the main factors controlling river discharge near the snout of Gangotri glacier. Further, the variability of snow and glacier meltwater due to temperature variation controls the dynamics of suspended sediment concentration.</description><subject>Ablation</subject><subject>basins</subject><subject>Biogeosciences</subject><subject>Channel morphology</subject><subject>Chemical analysis</subject><subject>Chemical composition</subject><subject>Chlorite</subject><subject>Copper</subject><subject>Dynamics</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Environmental Science and Engineering</subject><subject>Erosion processes</subject><subject>Feldspars</subject><subject>Fluvial sediments</subject><subject>Geochemistry</subject><subject>Geology</subject><subject>Glacial runoff</subject><subject>Glacier melting</subject><subject>Glacier variations</subject><subject>Glaciers</subject><subject>Glaciohydrology</subject><subject>Heavy metals</subject><subject>Himalayan region</subject><subject>Hydrology</subject><subject>Hydrology/Water Resources</subject><subject>India</subject><subject>Iron</subject><subject>Lithology</subject><subject>Manganese</subject><subject>Meltwater</subject><subject>Mineralogy</subject><subject>Original Article</subject><subject>Plagioclase</subject><subject>quartz</subject><subject>River discharge</subject><subject>River flow</subject><subject>Rivers</subject><subject>Runoff</subject><subject>Sediment</subject><subject>Sediment concentration</subject><subject>sediment contamination</subject><subject>Sediment load</subject><subject>Sediments</subject><subject>snow</subject><subject>Snowmelt</subject><subject>Stormwater</subject><subject>Suspended load</subject><subject>suspended sediment</subject><subject>Suspended sediments</subject><subject>temperature</subject><subject>Temperature variations</subject><subject>Terrestrial Pollution</subject><subject>Variation</subject><subject>Water discharge</subject><subject>Water quality</subject><issn>1866-6280</issn><issn>1866-6299</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kU9LAzEQxRdRsFS_gKeAFw9dzZ9tNjlK0bYgeNFzGLMTG9nN1mRL6c2PbmpFwYM5JI_h92aSvKK4YPSaUVrfJMalnJaUi5JRRXmpj4oRU1KWkmt9_KMVPS3OU3qjeQkmNJWj4mOOvV1h5y20xK4ggh0w-jR4mwiEhqRNWmNoMCtsfIdhSKTZBej2gA9kWCHpsB22kH3Exb77Ks0hvPZD9GTegvUYJ7kSV9s8ZOE7aGEHE7IMjYez4sRBm_D8-xwXz_d3T7NF-fA4X85uH0oQ9XTIe1M5aSWiVBXX0nHUDKC2glNnpRWUK6sr7RyfZoWqourFMuWwqS2vGzEurg5917F_32AaTOeTxbaFgP0mGa6Uyt9S1VVGL_-gb_0mhnw7w2s1rTTjVGSKHygb-5QiOrOO-WlxZxg1-1zMIReTczFfuRidTeJgShkOrxh_W__j-gSO65GJ</recordid><startdate>20230301</startdate><enddate>20230301</enddate><creator>Joshi, Rajesh</creator><creator>Khan, Abul Amir</creator><creator>Pant, N. 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C.</au><au>Agnihotri, Vasudha</au><au>Verma, Kamlesh</au><au>Kumar, Prem</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Geochemical characteristics and suspended sediments dynamics in the meltwater from the Gangotri Glacier, Garhwal Himalaya, India</atitle><jtitle>Environmental earth sciences</jtitle><stitle>Environ Earth Sci</stitle><date>2023-03-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>82</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>150</spage><epage>150</epage><pages>150-150</pages><artnum>150</artnum><issn>1866-6280</issn><eissn>1866-6299</eissn><abstract>The processes of erosion and suspended sediment delivery are important components of runoff originating from a glacier-fed basin. The magnitude of suspended sediments has important implications for channel morphology, material flux, geochemical cycling, and water quality of the river. This study investigates the dynamics of suspended sediment and its mineralogical and chemical characteristics with meltwater draining from Gangotri Glacier during the ablation season of 2012 in relation to hydrology and geology of the basin. Significant variations in suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) and Suspended sediment load (SSL) were observed. The results indicate that there may be a major source (or a few similar sources) of suspended sediment contributing to river discharge over the study site. The concentration of contributing sediment is either diluted by mixing with relatively clean snowmelt water or concentrated by stormwater after interaction with lithology. The major possible source(s) of suspended sediment lies beneath the glacier. In addition, significant variations in relative mineralogy (fine fraction of chlorite, quartz, K-feldspar, and plagioclase) and chemical analyses of alkali and heavy metal (K, Na, Fe, As, Mn, Cu) in the sediment suggest a significant role of subglacial meltwater in controlling the chemical composition of suspended sediment during the ablation season. Snow and glacier melt are the main factors controlling river discharge near the snout of Gangotri glacier. Further, the variability of snow and glacier meltwater due to temperature variation controls the dynamics of suspended sediment concentration.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><doi>10.1007/s12665-023-10802-9</doi><tpages>1</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Ablation basins Biogeosciences Channel morphology Chemical analysis Chemical composition Chlorite Copper Dynamics Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences Environmental Science and Engineering Erosion processes Feldspars Fluvial sediments Geochemistry Geology Glacial runoff Glacier melting Glacier variations Glaciers Glaciohydrology Heavy metals Himalayan region Hydrology Hydrology/Water Resources India Iron Lithology Manganese Meltwater Mineralogy Original Article Plagioclase quartz River discharge River flow Rivers Runoff Sediment Sediment concentration sediment contamination Sediment load Sediments snow Snowmelt Stormwater Suspended load suspended sediment Suspended sediments temperature Temperature variations Terrestrial Pollution Variation Water discharge Water quality |
| title | Geochemical characteristics and suspended sediments dynamics in the meltwater from the Gangotri Glacier, Garhwal Himalaya, India |
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