Silica extraction from rice hull ash through the sol–gel process under ultrasound
Rice is among the main foods produced in the world and is part of the daily diet of most families. The main waste from rice processing is rice husk (RH), which has been used as biomass for energy generation through combustion. In this process, rice husk ash (RHA) is generated as a residue, and its s...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental science and pollution research international 2023-02, Vol.30 (8), p.21494-21511 |
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| creator | Fusinato, Mirian Dosolina da Silva Amaral, Maria Alice Farias de Irigon, Paula Irigon Calgaro, Camila Ottonelli de los Santos, Diego Gil Filho, Pedro José Sanches |
| description | Rice is among the main foods produced in the world and is part of the daily diet of most families. The main waste from rice processing is rice husk (RH), which has been used as biomass for energy generation through combustion. In this process, rice husk ash (RHA) is generated as a residue, and its silica (SiO
2
) content varies from 85 to 98%. The present work describes the study of the extraction of silica from RHA by the ultrasound-assisted sol–gel method. An experimental design based on the response surface methodology (RSM) with the symmetrical, second-order rotational central composite design (RCCD) was applied to determine the best extraction conditions considering extraction time and molar ratio (
n
) as variables =
n
NaOH
/
n
Silica
). These optimal conditions were then applied to three ash samples, two obtained by the combustion process in a boiler furnace, with a mobile grate system (RHAC
1
and RHAC
2
), and one obtained by the pyrolysis process (RHAP) carried out in a fixed bed reactor. Results showed that a molar ratio of 4.4, and an extraction time of 107 min were the best extraction conditions, leading to a yield of 73.3% for RHAP, 43.9% for RHAC
1
, and 31.1% for RHAC
2
. It was found that the extraction yield and textural properties of the silica obtained depend on the characteristics of the ash used. The silica extracted from RHAC
1
presented a surface area of 465 m
2
.g
−1
, mesopores of 4.69 nm, purity greater than 95%, and an ultra-fine granulometric distribution, reaching nanoparticle dimensions, characteristics comparable to commercially available silicas. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11356-022-23687-1 |
| format | Article |
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2
) content varies from 85 to 98%. The present work describes the study of the extraction of silica from RHA by the ultrasound-assisted sol–gel method. An experimental design based on the response surface methodology (RSM) with the symmetrical, second-order rotational central composite design (RCCD) was applied to determine the best extraction conditions considering extraction time and molar ratio (
n
) as variables =
n
NaOH
/
n
Silica
). These optimal conditions were then applied to three ash samples, two obtained by the combustion process in a boiler furnace, with a mobile grate system (RHAC
1
and RHAC
2
), and one obtained by the pyrolysis process (RHAP) carried out in a fixed bed reactor. Results showed that a molar ratio of 4.4, and an extraction time of 107 min were the best extraction conditions, leading to a yield of 73.3% for RHAP, 43.9% for RHAC
1
, and 31.1% for RHAC
2
. It was found that the extraction yield and textural properties of the silica obtained depend on the characteristics of the ash used. The silica extracted from RHAC
1
presented a surface area of 465 m
2
.g
−1
, mesopores of 4.69 nm, purity greater than 95%, and an ultra-fine granulometric distribution, reaching nanoparticle dimensions, characteristics comparable to commercially available silicas.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1614-7499</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1614-7499</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23687-1</identifier><identifier>PMID: 36272000</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Aquatic Pollution ; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution ; biomass ; combustion ; diet ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Ecotoxicology ; energy ; Environment ; Environmental Chemistry ; Environmental Health ; experimental design ; furnaces ; Humans ; husk ash ; nanoparticles ; Oryza - chemistry ; pyrolysis ; Research Article ; response surface methodology ; rice ; rice hulls ; silica ; Silicon Dioxide - chemistry ; sol-gel processing ; surface area ; ultrasonic treatment ; ultrasonics ; Waste Water Technology ; wastes ; Water Management ; Water Pollution Control</subject><ispartof>Environmental science and pollution research international, 2023-02, Vol.30 (8), p.21494-21511</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</rights><rights>2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c424t-968aaec46f8f7adbaf389c273edbb007890ab17bfe5548a18f268b3328098ccb3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c424t-968aaec46f8f7adbaf389c273edbb007890ab17bfe5548a18f268b3328098ccb3</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-7883-736X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11356-022-23687-1$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11356-022-23687-1$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36272000$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Fusinato, Mirian Dosolina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>da Silva Amaral, Maria Alice Farias</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Irigon, Paula Irigon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Calgaro, Camila Ottonelli</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de los Santos, Diego Gil</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Filho, Pedro José Sanches</creatorcontrib><title>Silica extraction from rice hull ash through the sol–gel process under ultrasound</title><title>Environmental science and pollution research international</title><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res</addtitle><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res Int</addtitle><description>Rice is among the main foods produced in the world and is part of the daily diet of most families. The main waste from rice processing is rice husk (RH), which has been used as biomass for energy generation through combustion. In this process, rice husk ash (RHA) is generated as a residue, and its silica (SiO
2
) content varies from 85 to 98%. The present work describes the study of the extraction of silica from RHA by the ultrasound-assisted sol–gel method. An experimental design based on the response surface methodology (RSM) with the symmetrical, second-order rotational central composite design (RCCD) was applied to determine the best extraction conditions considering extraction time and molar ratio (
n
) as variables =
n
NaOH
/
n
Silica
). These optimal conditions were then applied to three ash samples, two obtained by the combustion process in a boiler furnace, with a mobile grate system (RHAC
1
and RHAC
2
), and one obtained by the pyrolysis process (RHAP) carried out in a fixed bed reactor. Results showed that a molar ratio of 4.4, and an extraction time of 107 min were the best extraction conditions, leading to a yield of 73.3% for RHAP, 43.9% for RHAC
1
, and 31.1% for RHAC
2
. It was found that the extraction yield and textural properties of the silica obtained depend on the characteristics of the ash used. The silica extracted from RHAC
1
presented a surface area of 465 m
2
.g
−1
, mesopores of 4.69 nm, purity greater than 95%, and an ultra-fine granulometric distribution, reaching nanoparticle dimensions, characteristics comparable to commercially available silicas.</description><subject>Aquatic Pollution</subject><subject>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</subject><subject>biomass</subject><subject>combustion</subject><subject>diet</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Ecotoxicology</subject><subject>energy</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental Chemistry</subject><subject>Environmental Health</subject><subject>experimental design</subject><subject>furnaces</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>husk ash</subject><subject>nanoparticles</subject><subject>Oryza - chemistry</subject><subject>pyrolysis</subject><subject>Research Article</subject><subject>response surface methodology</subject><subject>rice</subject><subject>rice hulls</subject><subject>silica</subject><subject>Silicon Dioxide - chemistry</subject><subject>sol-gel processing</subject><subject>surface area</subject><subject>ultrasonic treatment</subject><subject>ultrasonics</subject><subject>Waste Water Technology</subject><subject>wastes</subject><subject>Water Management</subject><subject>Water Pollution Control</subject><issn>1614-7499</issn><issn>1614-7499</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkEtOwzAQhi0EoqVwARbISzYBv2I7S1TxkiqxKKwtx3HaVG5c7ESCHXfghpwElxTEClYzI3_za_wBcIrRBUZIXEaMac4zREhGKJciw3tgjDlmmWBFsf-rH4GjGFcIEVQQcQhGlBNBEEJjMJ83rjEa2pcuaNM1voV18GsYGmPhsncO6riE3TL4frGtFkbvPt7eF9bBTfDGxgj7trIB9i4lRJ-GY3BQaxftya5OwNPN9eP0Lps93N5Pr2aZYYR1WcGl1tYwXsta6KrUNZWFIYLaqizT_2SBdIlFWds8Z1JjWRMuS0qJRIU0pqQTcD7kpkOeexs7tW6isc7p1vo-KiKl4IRhlv-PCiI4wzwnCSUDaoKPMdhabUKz1uFVYaS23tXgXSXv6su7wmnpbJffl2tb_ax8i04AHYCYntqFDWrl-9AmPX_FfgKiwo9H</recordid><startdate>20230201</startdate><enddate>20230201</enddate><creator>Fusinato, Mirian Dosolina</creator><creator>da Silva Amaral, Maria Alice Farias</creator><creator>de Irigon, Paula Irigon</creator><creator>Calgaro, Camila Ottonelli</creator><creator>de los Santos, Diego Gil</creator><creator>Filho, Pedro José Sanches</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7S9</scope><scope>L.6</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-736X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20230201</creationdate><title>Silica extraction from rice hull ash through the sol–gel process under ultrasound</title><author>Fusinato, Mirian Dosolina ; da Silva Amaral, Maria Alice Farias ; de Irigon, Paula Irigon ; Calgaro, Camila Ottonelli ; de los Santos, Diego Gil ; Filho, Pedro José Sanches</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c424t-968aaec46f8f7adbaf389c273edbb007890ab17bfe5548a18f268b3328098ccb3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Aquatic Pollution</topic><topic>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</topic><topic>biomass</topic><topic>combustion</topic><topic>diet</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental Science</topic><topic>Ecotoxicology</topic><topic>energy</topic><topic>Environment</topic><topic>Environmental Chemistry</topic><topic>Environmental Health</topic><topic>experimental design</topic><topic>furnaces</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>husk ash</topic><topic>nanoparticles</topic><topic>Oryza - chemistry</topic><topic>pyrolysis</topic><topic>Research Article</topic><topic>response surface methodology</topic><topic>rice</topic><topic>rice hulls</topic><topic>silica</topic><topic>Silicon Dioxide - chemistry</topic><topic>sol-gel processing</topic><topic>surface area</topic><topic>ultrasonic treatment</topic><topic>ultrasonics</topic><topic>Waste Water Technology</topic><topic>wastes</topic><topic>Water Management</topic><topic>Water Pollution Control</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Fusinato, Mirian Dosolina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>da Silva Amaral, Maria Alice Farias</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Irigon, Paula Irigon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Calgaro, Camila Ottonelli</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de los Santos, Diego Gil</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Filho, Pedro José Sanches</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>AGRICOLA</collection><collection>AGRICOLA - Academic</collection><jtitle>Environmental science and pollution research international</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Fusinato, Mirian Dosolina</au><au>da Silva Amaral, Maria Alice Farias</au><au>de Irigon, Paula Irigon</au><au>Calgaro, Camila Ottonelli</au><au>de los Santos, Diego Gil</au><au>Filho, Pedro José Sanches</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Silica extraction from rice hull ash through the sol–gel process under ultrasound</atitle><jtitle>Environmental science and pollution research international</jtitle><stitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res</stitle><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res Int</addtitle><date>2023-02-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>30</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>21494</spage><epage>21511</epage><pages>21494-21511</pages><issn>1614-7499</issn><eissn>1614-7499</eissn><abstract>Rice is among the main foods produced in the world and is part of the daily diet of most families. The main waste from rice processing is rice husk (RH), which has been used as biomass for energy generation through combustion. In this process, rice husk ash (RHA) is generated as a residue, and its silica (SiO
2
) content varies from 85 to 98%. The present work describes the study of the extraction of silica from RHA by the ultrasound-assisted sol–gel method. An experimental design based on the response surface methodology (RSM) with the symmetrical, second-order rotational central composite design (RCCD) was applied to determine the best extraction conditions considering extraction time and molar ratio (
n
) as variables =
n
NaOH
/
n
Silica
). These optimal conditions were then applied to three ash samples, two obtained by the combustion process in a boiler furnace, with a mobile grate system (RHAC
1
and RHAC
2
), and one obtained by the pyrolysis process (RHAP) carried out in a fixed bed reactor. Results showed that a molar ratio of 4.4, and an extraction time of 107 min were the best extraction conditions, leading to a yield of 73.3% for RHAP, 43.9% for RHAC
1
, and 31.1% for RHAC
2
. It was found that the extraction yield and textural properties of the silica obtained depend on the characteristics of the ash used. The silica extracted from RHAC
1
presented a surface area of 465 m
2
.g
−1
, mesopores of 4.69 nm, purity greater than 95%, and an ultra-fine granulometric distribution, reaching nanoparticle dimensions, characteristics comparable to commercially available silicas.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>36272000</pmid><doi>10.1007/s11356-022-23687-1</doi><tpages>18</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-736X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Aquatic Pollution Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution biomass combustion diet Earth and Environmental Science Ecotoxicology energy Environment Environmental Chemistry Environmental Health experimental design furnaces Humans husk ash nanoparticles Oryza - chemistry pyrolysis Research Article response surface methodology rice rice hulls silica Silicon Dioxide - chemistry sol-gel processing surface area ultrasonic treatment ultrasonics Waste Water Technology wastes Water Management Water Pollution Control |
| title | Silica extraction from rice hull ash through the sol–gel process under ultrasound |
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