Efficient nitrate reduction in water using an integrated photocatalyst adsorbent based on chitosan-titanium dioxide nanocomposite
Globally, there exists a huge concern on the increased discharge of nitrates to the natural water resources out of various anthropogenic activities as it causes serious environmental pollution and associated harmful effects. In the present work, sol–gel-derived functional nanocomposites based on sil...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental science and pollution research international 2023-03, Vol.30 (13), p.38014-38030 |
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| creator | Venu Sreekala, Smitha Parola, Athulya Thayumani, Vimala Puthenveedu Sadasivan Pillai, Harikumar Thoppil Ramakrishnan, Resmi |
| description | Globally, there exists a huge concern on the increased discharge of nitrates to the natural water resources out of various anthropogenic activities as it causes serious environmental pollution and associated harmful effects. In the present work, sol–gel-derived functional nanocomposites based on silver (Ag) and nitrogen (N)-doped titanium dioxide (TiO
2
)-coated chitosan nanocomposites were successfully synthesized in the form of beads, and their application for the reduction of nitrates in water was studied. The synthesized nanocomposite beads were characterized for their structural, textural, and morphological features using X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV–visible spectroscopy, BET surface area analysis, Scanning electron microscopy, Transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. A uniform coating of doped titania species on the chitosan porous structure was achieved through electrostatic interaction. Adsorption/photocatalytic reduction of nitrates was further carried out using functional nanocomposite beads by monitoring the nitrate concentration of the model contaminated water, in an adsorption study under dark condition and photocatalytic study under UV/sunlight for a definite time period. Drying conditions of the nanocomposite beads were found to have a significant effect on the adsorption cum photocatalytic efficiencies of the nanocomposite. The freeze-dried chitosan-titania nanocomposite beads containing 0.5 mol% Ag exhibited an adsorption efficiency of ~ 43.5% (under dark for 30 min) and photocatalytic reduction capability of ~ 95% (under sunlight for 2 h), whereas the oven dried beads of the same composition exhibits adsorption and photocatalytic efficiencies of 40% (under dark for 30 min) and 70% (under UV light for 2 h) respectively, towards the reduction of nitrate ions in an aqueous solution. Continuous flow adsorption cum photocatalytic study using the oven-dried nanocomposite beads was also carried out with the help of an experimental setup fabricated in-house and under varying experimental conditions such as flow rate, bed height, and concentration of feed solution. Nitrate reduction efficiency of 87.6% and an adsorption capacity of 7.9 mg g
−1
were obtained for the nanocomposite beads in the continuous flow adsorption cum photocatalysis experiment for up to 8 h when using an inlet concentration of 100 ppm, bed height 12 cm, and flow rate 5.0 mL min
−1
. A representative fixe |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11356-022-24895-5 |
| format | Article |
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2
)-coated chitosan nanocomposites were successfully synthesized in the form of beads, and their application for the reduction of nitrates in water was studied. The synthesized nanocomposite beads were characterized for their structural, textural, and morphological features using X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV–visible spectroscopy, BET surface area analysis, Scanning electron microscopy, Transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. A uniform coating of doped titania species on the chitosan porous structure was achieved through electrostatic interaction. Adsorption/photocatalytic reduction of nitrates was further carried out using functional nanocomposite beads by monitoring the nitrate concentration of the model contaminated water, in an adsorption study under dark condition and photocatalytic study under UV/sunlight for a definite time period. Drying conditions of the nanocomposite beads were found to have a significant effect on the adsorption cum photocatalytic efficiencies of the nanocomposite. The freeze-dried chitosan-titania nanocomposite beads containing 0.5 mol% Ag exhibited an adsorption efficiency of ~ 43.5% (under dark for 30 min) and photocatalytic reduction capability of ~ 95% (under sunlight for 2 h), whereas the oven dried beads of the same composition exhibits adsorption and photocatalytic efficiencies of 40% (under dark for 30 min) and 70% (under UV light for 2 h) respectively, towards the reduction of nitrate ions in an aqueous solution. Continuous flow adsorption cum photocatalytic study using the oven-dried nanocomposite beads was also carried out with the help of an experimental setup fabricated in-house and under varying experimental conditions such as flow rate, bed height, and concentration of feed solution. Nitrate reduction efficiency of 87.6% and an adsorption capacity of 7.9 mg g
−1
were obtained for the nanocomposite beads in the continuous flow adsorption cum photocatalysis experiment for up to 8 h when using an inlet concentration of 100 ppm, bed height 12 cm, and flow rate 5.0 mL min
−1
. A representative fixed-bed column adsorption experiment performed with oven dried nanocomposite beads in a real groundwater sample collected from the Palakkad District of Kerala shows promising results for nitrate reduction (85.9% efficiency) along with a significant removal rate for the other anions as well. Thus, the adsorption cum photocatalytic nitrate reduction efficiency of the functional nanocomposite material makes them suitable for the reduction of nitrates from water/wastewater through an integrated nanocomposite approach.
Graphical Abstract</description><identifier>ISSN: 1614-7499</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1614-7499</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24895-5</identifier><identifier>PMID: 36575259</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>adsorbents ; Adsorption ; Aquatic Pollution ; aqueous solutions ; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution ; Catalysis ; chitosan ; Chitosan - chemistry ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Ecotoxicology ; electrostatic interactions ; Environment ; Environmental Chemistry ; Environmental Health ; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ; freeze drying ; groundwater ; India ; nanocomposites ; Nanocomposites - chemistry ; nitrate reduction ; nitrates ; Nitrates - chemistry ; nitrogen ; ovens ; photocatalysis ; photocatalysts ; Photoelectron Spectroscopy ; Research Article ; silver ; species ; surface area ; Titanium - chemistry ; titanium dioxide ; transmission electron microscopy ; ultraviolet radiation ; ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy ; Waste Water Technology ; wastewater ; Water - chemistry ; Water Management ; Water Pollutants, Chemical - chemistry ; water pollution ; Water Pollution Control ; X-ray diffraction ; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy</subject><ispartof>Environmental science and pollution research international, 2023-03, Vol.30 (13), p.38014-38030</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</rights><rights>2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c380t-ea0d9559125ce5ce3579f567db28b3c55c2a82aa579aaec0c2de8a30bc09463a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c380t-ea0d9559125ce5ce3579f567db28b3c55c2a82aa579aaec0c2de8a30bc09463a3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-4829-0372</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11356-022-24895-5$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11356-022-24895-5$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36575259$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Venu Sreekala, Smitha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Parola, Athulya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thayumani, Vimala</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Puthenveedu Sadasivan Pillai, Harikumar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thoppil Ramakrishnan, Resmi</creatorcontrib><title>Efficient nitrate reduction in water using an integrated photocatalyst adsorbent based on chitosan-titanium dioxide nanocomposite</title><title>Environmental science and pollution research international</title><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res</addtitle><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res Int</addtitle><description>Globally, there exists a huge concern on the increased discharge of nitrates to the natural water resources out of various anthropogenic activities as it causes serious environmental pollution and associated harmful effects. In the present work, sol–gel-derived functional nanocomposites based on silver (Ag) and nitrogen (N)-doped titanium dioxide (TiO
2
)-coated chitosan nanocomposites were successfully synthesized in the form of beads, and their application for the reduction of nitrates in water was studied. The synthesized nanocomposite beads were characterized for their structural, textural, and morphological features using X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV–visible spectroscopy, BET surface area analysis, Scanning electron microscopy, Transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. A uniform coating of doped titania species on the chitosan porous structure was achieved through electrostatic interaction. Adsorption/photocatalytic reduction of nitrates was further carried out using functional nanocomposite beads by monitoring the nitrate concentration of the model contaminated water, in an adsorption study under dark condition and photocatalytic study under UV/sunlight for a definite time period. Drying conditions of the nanocomposite beads were found to have a significant effect on the adsorption cum photocatalytic efficiencies of the nanocomposite. The freeze-dried chitosan-titania nanocomposite beads containing 0.5 mol% Ag exhibited an adsorption efficiency of ~ 43.5% (under dark for 30 min) and photocatalytic reduction capability of ~ 95% (under sunlight for 2 h), whereas the oven dried beads of the same composition exhibits adsorption and photocatalytic efficiencies of 40% (under dark for 30 min) and 70% (under UV light for 2 h) respectively, towards the reduction of nitrate ions in an aqueous solution. Continuous flow adsorption cum photocatalytic study using the oven-dried nanocomposite beads was also carried out with the help of an experimental setup fabricated in-house and under varying experimental conditions such as flow rate, bed height, and concentration of feed solution. Nitrate reduction efficiency of 87.6% and an adsorption capacity of 7.9 mg g
−1
were obtained for the nanocomposite beads in the continuous flow adsorption cum photocatalysis experiment for up to 8 h when using an inlet concentration of 100 ppm, bed height 12 cm, and flow rate 5.0 mL min
−1
. A representative fixed-bed column adsorption experiment performed with oven dried nanocomposite beads in a real groundwater sample collected from the Palakkad District of Kerala shows promising results for nitrate reduction (85.9% efficiency) along with a significant removal rate for the other anions as well. Thus, the adsorption cum photocatalytic nitrate reduction efficiency of the functional nanocomposite material makes them suitable for the reduction of nitrates from water/wastewater through an integrated nanocomposite approach.
Graphical Abstract</description><subject>adsorbents</subject><subject>Adsorption</subject><subject>Aquatic Pollution</subject><subject>aqueous solutions</subject><subject>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</subject><subject>Catalysis</subject><subject>chitosan</subject><subject>Chitosan - chemistry</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Ecotoxicology</subject><subject>electrostatic interactions</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental Chemistry</subject><subject>Environmental Health</subject><subject>Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy</subject><subject>freeze drying</subject><subject>groundwater</subject><subject>India</subject><subject>nanocomposites</subject><subject>Nanocomposites - chemistry</subject><subject>nitrate reduction</subject><subject>nitrates</subject><subject>Nitrates - chemistry</subject><subject>nitrogen</subject><subject>ovens</subject><subject>photocatalysis</subject><subject>photocatalysts</subject><subject>Photoelectron Spectroscopy</subject><subject>Research Article</subject><subject>silver</subject><subject>species</subject><subject>surface area</subject><subject>Titanium - chemistry</subject><subject>titanium dioxide</subject><subject>transmission electron microscopy</subject><subject>ultraviolet radiation</subject><subject>ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy</subject><subject>Waste Water Technology</subject><subject>wastewater</subject><subject>Water - chemistry</subject><subject>Water Management</subject><subject>Water Pollutants, Chemical - chemistry</subject><subject>water pollution</subject><subject>Water Pollution Control</subject><subject>X-ray diffraction</subject><subject>X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy</subject><issn>1614-7499</issn><issn>1614-7499</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kE9P3DAQxa2qqFDgC_SAfOwlxX_iJD5WCGillbiUszWxJ4vRxl5sR5Qj37ze7hZxqjSSR29-70l-hHzh7BtnrL_MnEvVNUyIRrSDVo36QE54x9umb7X--G4_Jp9zfmRMMC36T-RYdqpXQukT8no9Td56DIUGXxIUpAndYouPgfpAn6uS6JJ9WFPYKQXXO8rR7UMs0UKBzUsuFFyOadzFjJDrtbrtgy8xQ2iKLxD8MlPn42_vkAYI0cZ5G7MveEaOJthkPD-8p-T-5vrX1Y9mdXf78-r7qrFyYKVBYE4rpblQFutI1etJdb0bxTBKq5QVMAiAKgOgZVY4HECy0TLddhLkKfm6z92m-LRgLmb22eJmAwHjko0Yhr4TvBVdRcUetSnmnHAy2-RnSC-GM7Or3uyrN7V687d6o6rp4pC_jDO6N8u_risg90Cup7DGZB7jkkL98_9i_wCMZpMf</recordid><startdate>20230301</startdate><enddate>20230301</enddate><creator>Venu Sreekala, Smitha</creator><creator>Parola, Athulya</creator><creator>Thayumani, Vimala</creator><creator>Puthenveedu Sadasivan Pillai, Harikumar</creator><creator>Thoppil Ramakrishnan, Resmi</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7S9</scope><scope>L.6</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4829-0372</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20230301</creationdate><title>Efficient nitrate reduction in water using an integrated photocatalyst adsorbent based on chitosan-titanium dioxide nanocomposite</title><author>Venu Sreekala, Smitha ; Parola, Athulya ; Thayumani, Vimala ; Puthenveedu Sadasivan Pillai, Harikumar ; Thoppil Ramakrishnan, Resmi</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c380t-ea0d9559125ce5ce3579f567db28b3c55c2a82aa579aaec0c2de8a30bc09463a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>adsorbents</topic><topic>Adsorption</topic><topic>Aquatic Pollution</topic><topic>aqueous solutions</topic><topic>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</topic><topic>Catalysis</topic><topic>chitosan</topic><topic>Chitosan - chemistry</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental Science</topic><topic>Ecotoxicology</topic><topic>electrostatic interactions</topic><topic>Environment</topic><topic>Environmental Chemistry</topic><topic>Environmental Health</topic><topic>Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy</topic><topic>freeze drying</topic><topic>groundwater</topic><topic>India</topic><topic>nanocomposites</topic><topic>Nanocomposites - chemistry</topic><topic>nitrate reduction</topic><topic>nitrates</topic><topic>Nitrates - chemistry</topic><topic>nitrogen</topic><topic>ovens</topic><topic>photocatalysis</topic><topic>photocatalysts</topic><topic>Photoelectron Spectroscopy</topic><topic>Research Article</topic><topic>silver</topic><topic>species</topic><topic>surface area</topic><topic>Titanium - chemistry</topic><topic>titanium dioxide</topic><topic>transmission electron microscopy</topic><topic>ultraviolet radiation</topic><topic>ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy</topic><topic>Waste Water Technology</topic><topic>wastewater</topic><topic>Water - chemistry</topic><topic>Water Management</topic><topic>Water Pollutants, Chemical - chemistry</topic><topic>water pollution</topic><topic>Water Pollution Control</topic><topic>X-ray diffraction</topic><topic>X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Venu Sreekala, Smitha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Parola, Athulya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thayumani, Vimala</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Puthenveedu Sadasivan Pillai, Harikumar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thoppil Ramakrishnan, Resmi</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>AGRICOLA</collection><collection>AGRICOLA - Academic</collection><jtitle>Environmental science and pollution research international</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Venu Sreekala, Smitha</au><au>Parola, Athulya</au><au>Thayumani, Vimala</au><au>Puthenveedu Sadasivan Pillai, Harikumar</au><au>Thoppil Ramakrishnan, Resmi</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Efficient nitrate reduction in water using an integrated photocatalyst adsorbent based on chitosan-titanium dioxide nanocomposite</atitle><jtitle>Environmental science and pollution research international</jtitle><stitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res</stitle><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res Int</addtitle><date>2023-03-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>30</volume><issue>13</issue><spage>38014</spage><epage>38030</epage><pages>38014-38030</pages><issn>1614-7499</issn><eissn>1614-7499</eissn><abstract>Globally, there exists a huge concern on the increased discharge of nitrates to the natural water resources out of various anthropogenic activities as it causes serious environmental pollution and associated harmful effects. In the present work, sol–gel-derived functional nanocomposites based on silver (Ag) and nitrogen (N)-doped titanium dioxide (TiO
2
)-coated chitosan nanocomposites were successfully synthesized in the form of beads, and their application for the reduction of nitrates in water was studied. The synthesized nanocomposite beads were characterized for their structural, textural, and morphological features using X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV–visible spectroscopy, BET surface area analysis, Scanning electron microscopy, Transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. A uniform coating of doped titania species on the chitosan porous structure was achieved through electrostatic interaction. Adsorption/photocatalytic reduction of nitrates was further carried out using functional nanocomposite beads by monitoring the nitrate concentration of the model contaminated water, in an adsorption study under dark condition and photocatalytic study under UV/sunlight for a definite time period. Drying conditions of the nanocomposite beads were found to have a significant effect on the adsorption cum photocatalytic efficiencies of the nanocomposite. The freeze-dried chitosan-titania nanocomposite beads containing 0.5 mol% Ag exhibited an adsorption efficiency of ~ 43.5% (under dark for 30 min) and photocatalytic reduction capability of ~ 95% (under sunlight for 2 h), whereas the oven dried beads of the same composition exhibits adsorption and photocatalytic efficiencies of 40% (under dark for 30 min) and 70% (under UV light for 2 h) respectively, towards the reduction of nitrate ions in an aqueous solution. Continuous flow adsorption cum photocatalytic study using the oven-dried nanocomposite beads was also carried out with the help of an experimental setup fabricated in-house and under varying experimental conditions such as flow rate, bed height, and concentration of feed solution. Nitrate reduction efficiency of 87.6% and an adsorption capacity of 7.9 mg g
−1
were obtained for the nanocomposite beads in the continuous flow adsorption cum photocatalysis experiment for up to 8 h when using an inlet concentration of 100 ppm, bed height 12 cm, and flow rate 5.0 mL min
−1
. A representative fixed-bed column adsorption experiment performed with oven dried nanocomposite beads in a real groundwater sample collected from the Palakkad District of Kerala shows promising results for nitrate reduction (85.9% efficiency) along with a significant removal rate for the other anions as well. Thus, the adsorption cum photocatalytic nitrate reduction efficiency of the functional nanocomposite material makes them suitable for the reduction of nitrates from water/wastewater through an integrated nanocomposite approach.
Graphical Abstract</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>36575259</pmid><doi>10.1007/s11356-022-24895-5</doi><tpages>17</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4829-0372</orcidid></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1614-7499 |
| ispartof | Environmental science and pollution research international, 2023-03, Vol.30 (13), p.38014-38030 |
| issn | 1614-7499 1614-7499 |
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| subjects | adsorbents Adsorption Aquatic Pollution aqueous solutions Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Catalysis chitosan Chitosan - chemistry Earth and Environmental Science Ecotoxicology electrostatic interactions Environment Environmental Chemistry Environmental Health Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy freeze drying groundwater India nanocomposites Nanocomposites - chemistry nitrate reduction nitrates Nitrates - chemistry nitrogen ovens photocatalysis photocatalysts Photoelectron Spectroscopy Research Article silver species surface area Titanium - chemistry titanium dioxide transmission electron microscopy ultraviolet radiation ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy Waste Water Technology wastewater Water - chemistry Water Management Water Pollutants, Chemical - chemistry water pollution Water Pollution Control X-ray diffraction X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy |
| title | Efficient nitrate reduction in water using an integrated photocatalyst adsorbent based on chitosan-titanium dioxide nanocomposite |
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