A 30-year follow-up study in a former cadmium-polluted area of Japan: the relationship between cadmium exposure and β2-microglobulin in the urine of Japanese people

Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental pollutant. Long-term exposure to Cd may lead to adverse health effects in humans. Our epidemiological studies showed that urinary Cd (U-Cd) concentrations increased from 2008 through 2014, although they decreased from 1986 through 2008. The aim of this study was to e...

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Veröffentlicht in:Environmental science and pollution research international 2023-02, Vol.30 (9), p.23079-23085
Hauptverfasser: Sun, Xian Liang, Phuc, Hoang Duc, Okamoto, Rie, Kido, Teruhiko, Oanh, Nguyen Thi Phuong, Manh, Ho Dung, Anh, Le Thai, Ichimori, Akie, Nogawa, Kazuhiro, Suwazono, Yasushi, Nakagawa, Hideaki
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container_title Environmental science and pollution research international
container_volume 30
creator Sun, Xian Liang
Phuc, Hoang Duc
Okamoto, Rie
Kido, Teruhiko
Oanh, Nguyen Thi Phuong
Manh, Ho Dung
Anh, Le Thai
Ichimori, Akie
Nogawa, Kazuhiro
Suwazono, Yasushi
Nakagawa, Hideaki
description Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental pollutant. Long-term exposure to Cd may lead to adverse health effects in humans. Our epidemiological studies showed that urinary Cd (U-Cd) concentrations increased from 2008 through 2014, although they decreased from 1986 through 2008. The aim of this study was to elucidate the long-term effects of the changing trend of cadmium exposure levels (U-Cd) on residents’ renal function within 30 years after Cd exposure ceased. In 2016, urine samples were collected from each subject by visiting 20 elderly Japanese people (9 females and 11 males) living in the Kakehashi River basin, a previously Cd-polluted area in Ishikawa, Japan. The geometric means of the β 2 -microglobulin (β 2 -MG) and urinary Cd (U-Cd) continued to increase from 2014 until 2016. Furthermore, Cd concentration and β 2 -MG in urine were still higher than those in the non-polluted areas in Japan. Multivariate linear regression was performed to associate β 2 -MG (dependent variable) and U-Cd with sex and age (independent variables). Significant correlations were found among age, U-Cd, and β 2 -MG, and these were clearer in females than in males. In summary, we propose that three decades after Cd exposure ceased, age is associated with β 2 -MG more strongly than Cd for bodily impact. Moreover, renal tubular dysfunction is irreversible and worsens after exposure to Cd, with females being more sensitive to exposure.
doi_str_mv 10.1007/s11356-022-23818-8
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Long-term exposure to Cd may lead to adverse health effects in humans. Our epidemiological studies showed that urinary Cd (U-Cd) concentrations increased from 2008 through 2014, although they decreased from 1986 through 2008. The aim of this study was to elucidate the long-term effects of the changing trend of cadmium exposure levels (U-Cd) on residents’ renal function within 30 years after Cd exposure ceased. In 2016, urine samples were collected from each subject by visiting 20 elderly Japanese people (9 females and 11 males) living in the Kakehashi River basin, a previously Cd-polluted area in Ishikawa, Japan. The geometric means of the β 2 -microglobulin (β 2 -MG) and urinary Cd (U-Cd) continued to increase from 2014 until 2016. Furthermore, Cd concentration and β 2 -MG in urine were still higher than those in the non-polluted areas in Japan. Multivariate linear regression was performed to associate β 2 -MG (dependent variable) and U-Cd with sex and age (independent variables). Significant correlations were found among age, U-Cd, and β 2 -MG, and these were clearer in females than in males. In summary, we propose that three decades after Cd exposure ceased, age is associated with β 2 -MG more strongly than Cd for bodily impact. 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Long-term exposure to Cd may lead to adverse health effects in humans. Our epidemiological studies showed that urinary Cd (U-Cd) concentrations increased from 2008 through 2014, although they decreased from 1986 through 2008. The aim of this study was to elucidate the long-term effects of the changing trend of cadmium exposure levels (U-Cd) on residents’ renal function within 30 years after Cd exposure ceased. In 2016, urine samples were collected from each subject by visiting 20 elderly Japanese people (9 females and 11 males) living in the Kakehashi River basin, a previously Cd-polluted area in Ishikawa, Japan. The geometric means of the β 2 -microglobulin (β 2 -MG) and urinary Cd (U-Cd) continued to increase from 2014 until 2016. Furthermore, Cd concentration and β 2 -MG in urine were still higher than those in the non-polluted areas in Japan. Multivariate linear regression was performed to associate β 2 -MG (dependent variable) and U-Cd with sex and age (independent variables). Significant correlations were found among age, U-Cd, and β 2 -MG, and these were clearer in females than in males. In summary, we propose that three decades after Cd exposure ceased, age is associated with β 2 -MG more strongly than Cd for bodily impact. Moreover, renal tubular dysfunction is irreversible and worsens after exposure to Cd, with females being more sensitive to exposure.</description><subject>Aquatic Pollution</subject><subject>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</subject><subject>cadmium</subject><subject>chronic exposure</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Ecotoxicology</subject><subject>elderly</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental Chemistry</subject><subject>Environmental Health</subject><subject>geometry</subject><subject>Japan</subject><subject>Japanese people</subject><subject>pollutants</subject><subject>regression analysis</subject><subject>renal function</subject><subject>Research Article</subject><subject>urine</subject><subject>Waste Water Technology</subject><subject>Water Management</subject><subject>Water Pollution Control</subject><subject>watersheds</subject><issn>1614-7499</issn><issn>1614-7499</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9UctKxTAQLaKgXv0BV1m6iebRpok7EZ8IbnQd0naqlbSJSYPeD_IH_BC_yehVcSUMzDCcc2YOpyj2KDmghNSHkVJeCUwYw4xLKrFcK7aooCWuS6XW_8ybxXaMj4Qwoli9VbweI07wEkxAvbPWPePkUZxTt0TDhExehhECak03DmnEPmPSDB0yAQxyPboy3kxHaH4AFMCaeXBTfBg8amB-Bph-iAhevIspADJTh97fGB6HNrh765pk86FcnxIpDBP8ykIE5MF5CzvFRm9shN3vvijuzk5vTy7w9c355cnxNW5LxmdsylowyZUSraK0a-rSiF6oShoiheFdtt9UlaRl3wGpuOplmbeN4qLty1opvij2V7o-uKcEcdbjEFuwNj_jUtRMylpQSmqeoWwFzTZiDNBrH4bRhKWmRH9moleZ6JyJ_spEy0ziK1LM4Okegn50KUzZ0n-sDxeIkZo</recordid><startdate>20230201</startdate><enddate>20230201</enddate><creator>Sun, Xian Liang</creator><creator>Phuc, Hoang Duc</creator><creator>Okamoto, Rie</creator><creator>Kido, Teruhiko</creator><creator>Oanh, Nguyen Thi Phuong</creator><creator>Manh, Ho Dung</creator><creator>Anh, Le Thai</creator><creator>Ichimori, Akie</creator><creator>Nogawa, Kazuhiro</creator><creator>Suwazono, Yasushi</creator><creator>Nakagawa, Hideaki</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7S9</scope><scope>L.6</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20230201</creationdate><title>A 30-year follow-up study in a former cadmium-polluted area of Japan: the relationship between cadmium exposure and β2-microglobulin in the urine of Japanese people</title><author>Sun, Xian Liang ; 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Long-term exposure to Cd may lead to adverse health effects in humans. Our epidemiological studies showed that urinary Cd (U-Cd) concentrations increased from 2008 through 2014, although they decreased from 1986 through 2008. The aim of this study was to elucidate the long-term effects of the changing trend of cadmium exposure levels (U-Cd) on residents’ renal function within 30 years after Cd exposure ceased. In 2016, urine samples were collected from each subject by visiting 20 elderly Japanese people (9 females and 11 males) living in the Kakehashi River basin, a previously Cd-polluted area in Ishikawa, Japan. The geometric means of the β 2 -microglobulin (β 2 -MG) and urinary Cd (U-Cd) continued to increase from 2014 until 2016. Furthermore, Cd concentration and β 2 -MG in urine were still higher than those in the non-polluted areas in Japan. Multivariate linear regression was performed to associate β 2 -MG (dependent variable) and U-Cd with sex and age (independent variables). Significant correlations were found among age, U-Cd, and β 2 -MG, and these were clearer in females than in males. In summary, we propose that three decades after Cd exposure ceased, age is associated with β 2 -MG more strongly than Cd for bodily impact. Moreover, renal tubular dysfunction is irreversible and worsens after exposure to Cd, with females being more sensitive to exposure.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><doi>10.1007/s11356-022-23818-8</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record>
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subjects Aquatic Pollution
Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution
cadmium
chronic exposure
Earth and Environmental Science
Ecotoxicology
elderly
Environment
Environmental Chemistry
Environmental Health
geometry
Japan
Japanese people
pollutants
regression analysis
renal function
Research Article
urine
Waste Water Technology
Water Management
Water Pollution Control
watersheds
title A 30-year follow-up study in a former cadmium-polluted area of Japan: the relationship between cadmium exposure and β2-microglobulin in the urine of Japanese people
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