Inhaled beta2‐agonist, formoterol, enhances intense exercise performance, and sprint ability in elite cyclists
Purpose Many athletes use long‐acting beta2‐agonist formoterol in treatment of asthma. However, studies in non‐athlete cohorts demonstrate that inhaled formoterol can enhance sprint performance calling into question whether its use in competitive sports should be restricted. We investigated whether...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 2024-01, Vol.34 (1), p.e14500-n/a |
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| container_title | Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports |
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| creator | Jeppesen, Jan S. Jessen, Søren Thomassen, Martin Backer, Vibeke Bangsbo, Jens Hostrup, Morten |
| description | Purpose
Many athletes use long‐acting beta2‐agonist formoterol in treatment of asthma. However, studies in non‐athlete cohorts demonstrate that inhaled formoterol can enhance sprint performance calling into question whether its use in competitive sports should be restricted. We investigated whether formoterol at upper recommended inhaled doses (54 μg) would enhance sprint ability and intense exercise performance in elite cyclists.
Methods
Twenty‐one male cyclists (V̇O2max: 70.4 ± 4.3 mL × min−1 × kg−1, mean ± SD) completed two 6‐s all‐out sprints followed by 4‐min all‐out cycling after inhaling either 54 μg formoterol or placebo. We also assessed cyclists' leg muscle mass by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry and muscle fiber type distribution of vastus lateralis biopsies.
Results
Peak and mean power output during the 6‐s sprint was 32 W (95% CI, 19–44 W, p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/sms.14500 |
| format | Article |
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Many athletes use long‐acting beta2‐agonist formoterol in treatment of asthma. However, studies in non‐athlete cohorts demonstrate that inhaled formoterol can enhance sprint performance calling into question whether its use in competitive sports should be restricted. We investigated whether formoterol at upper recommended inhaled doses (54 μg) would enhance sprint ability and intense exercise performance in elite cyclists.
Methods
Twenty‐one male cyclists (V̇O2max: 70.4 ± 4.3 mL × min−1 × kg−1, mean ± SD) completed two 6‐s all‐out sprints followed by 4‐min all‐out cycling after inhaling either 54 μg formoterol or placebo. We also assessed cyclists' leg muscle mass by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry and muscle fiber type distribution of vastus lateralis biopsies.
Results
Peak and mean power output during the 6‐s sprint was 32 W (95% CI, 19–44 W, p < 0.001) and 36 W (95% CI, 24–48 W, p < 0.001) higher with formoterol than placebo, corresponding to an enhancing effect of around 3%. Power output during 4‐min all‐out cycling was 9 W (95% CI, 2–16 W, p = 0.01) greater with formoterol than placebo, corresponding to an enhancing effect of 2.3%. Performance changes in response to formoterol were unrelated to cyclists' VO2max and leg lean mass, whereas muscle fiber Type I distribution correlated with change in sprinting peak power in response to formoterol (r2 = 0.314, p = 0.012).
Conclusion
Our findings demonstrate that an inhaled one‐off dose of 54 μg formoterol has a performance‐enhancing potential on sprint ability and short intense performance in elite male cyclists, which is irrespective of training status but partly related to muscle fiber type distribution for sprint ability.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0905-7188</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1600-0838</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/sms.14500</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>anti‐doping ; beta‐agonists ; Bicycling ; ergogenic ; intense exercise capacity ; LABA ; SABA ; sprinting ability</subject><ispartof>Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 2024-01, Vol.34 (1), p.e14500-n/a</ispartof><rights>2023 The Authors. published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</rights><rights>2023. This article is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><orcidid>0000-0002-1210-0282 ; 0000-0002-6201-2483 ; 0000-0002-7461-1264</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fsms.14500$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fsms.14500$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27901,27902,45550,45551</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Jeppesen, Jan S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jessen, Søren</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thomassen, Martin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Backer, Vibeke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bangsbo, Jens</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hostrup, Morten</creatorcontrib><title>Inhaled beta2‐agonist, formoterol, enhances intense exercise performance, and sprint ability in elite cyclists</title><title>Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports</title><description>Purpose
Many athletes use long‐acting beta2‐agonist formoterol in treatment of asthma. However, studies in non‐athlete cohorts demonstrate that inhaled formoterol can enhance sprint performance calling into question whether its use in competitive sports should be restricted. We investigated whether formoterol at upper recommended inhaled doses (54 μg) would enhance sprint ability and intense exercise performance in elite cyclists.
Methods
Twenty‐one male cyclists (V̇O2max: 70.4 ± 4.3 mL × min−1 × kg−1, mean ± SD) completed two 6‐s all‐out sprints followed by 4‐min all‐out cycling after inhaling either 54 μg formoterol or placebo. We also assessed cyclists' leg muscle mass by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry and muscle fiber type distribution of vastus lateralis biopsies.
Results
Peak and mean power output during the 6‐s sprint was 32 W (95% CI, 19–44 W, p < 0.001) and 36 W (95% CI, 24–48 W, p < 0.001) higher with formoterol than placebo, corresponding to an enhancing effect of around 3%. Power output during 4‐min all‐out cycling was 9 W (95% CI, 2–16 W, p = 0.01) greater with formoterol than placebo, corresponding to an enhancing effect of 2.3%. Performance changes in response to formoterol were unrelated to cyclists' VO2max and leg lean mass, whereas muscle fiber Type I distribution correlated with change in sprinting peak power in response to formoterol (r2 = 0.314, p = 0.012).
Conclusion
Our findings demonstrate that an inhaled one‐off dose of 54 μg formoterol has a performance‐enhancing potential on sprint ability and short intense performance in elite male cyclists, which is irrespective of training status but partly related to muscle fiber type distribution for sprint ability.</description><subject>anti‐doping</subject><subject>beta‐agonists</subject><subject>Bicycling</subject><subject>ergogenic</subject><subject>intense exercise capacity</subject><subject>LABA</subject><subject>SABA</subject><subject>sprinting ability</subject><issn>0905-7188</issn><issn>1600-0838</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>24P</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkM1OwzAMxyMEEmNw4A0iceGwDueLpkc08TFpiMPgHGWZC526tCSdoDcegWfkScg2Tvjiv-yfLftPyDmDMUtxFddxzKQCOCADdg2QgRb6kAygAJXlTOtjchLjCoDlhVQD0k79m61xSRfYWf7z9W1fG1_FbkTLJqybDkNTjygmyDuMtPId-ogUPzG4KokWwxbcdkfU-iWNbUgQtYuqrro-DVBMAqnrXZ32xlNyVNo64tlfHpKXu9vnyUM2e7qfTm5mWcsLBplEwZwAlEqr0gK4BXfaCu0KLgolkWnOmQJt9VKCy1MhYYJpUMCsLAsxJJf7vW1o3jcYO7OuosO6th6bTTRcay640lIk9OIfumo2wafrTLpFA8-LXCfqak99VDX2Jr25tqE3DMzWeJOMNzvjzfxxvhPiF8xbeLI</recordid><startdate>202401</startdate><enddate>202401</enddate><creator>Jeppesen, Jan S.</creator><creator>Jessen, Søren</creator><creator>Thomassen, Martin</creator><creator>Backer, Vibeke</creator><creator>Bangsbo, Jens</creator><creator>Hostrup, Morten</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>24P</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1210-0282</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6201-2483</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7461-1264</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202401</creationdate><title>Inhaled beta2‐agonist, formoterol, enhances intense exercise performance, and sprint ability in elite cyclists</title><author>Jeppesen, Jan S. ; Jessen, Søren ; Thomassen, Martin ; Backer, Vibeke ; Bangsbo, Jens ; Hostrup, Morten</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-p2910-4e31c30e4585fa00cb2c8a38c923954e18221508a8d40c74e15fa3180501a4f93</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>anti‐doping</topic><topic>beta‐agonists</topic><topic>Bicycling</topic><topic>ergogenic</topic><topic>intense exercise capacity</topic><topic>LABA</topic><topic>SABA</topic><topic>sprinting ability</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Jeppesen, Jan S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jessen, Søren</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thomassen, Martin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Backer, Vibeke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bangsbo, Jens</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hostrup, Morten</creatorcontrib><collection>Wiley Online Library Open Access</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Jeppesen, Jan S.</au><au>Jessen, Søren</au><au>Thomassen, Martin</au><au>Backer, Vibeke</au><au>Bangsbo, Jens</au><au>Hostrup, Morten</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Inhaled beta2‐agonist, formoterol, enhances intense exercise performance, and sprint ability in elite cyclists</atitle><jtitle>Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports</jtitle><date>2024-01</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>34</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>e14500</spage><epage>n/a</epage><pages>e14500-n/a</pages><issn>0905-7188</issn><eissn>1600-0838</eissn><abstract>Purpose
Many athletes use long‐acting beta2‐agonist formoterol in treatment of asthma. However, studies in non‐athlete cohorts demonstrate that inhaled formoterol can enhance sprint performance calling into question whether its use in competitive sports should be restricted. We investigated whether formoterol at upper recommended inhaled doses (54 μg) would enhance sprint ability and intense exercise performance in elite cyclists.
Methods
Twenty‐one male cyclists (V̇O2max: 70.4 ± 4.3 mL × min−1 × kg−1, mean ± SD) completed two 6‐s all‐out sprints followed by 4‐min all‐out cycling after inhaling either 54 μg formoterol or placebo. We also assessed cyclists' leg muscle mass by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry and muscle fiber type distribution of vastus lateralis biopsies.
Results
Peak and mean power output during the 6‐s sprint was 32 W (95% CI, 19–44 W, p < 0.001) and 36 W (95% CI, 24–48 W, p < 0.001) higher with formoterol than placebo, corresponding to an enhancing effect of around 3%. Power output during 4‐min all‐out cycling was 9 W (95% CI, 2–16 W, p = 0.01) greater with formoterol than placebo, corresponding to an enhancing effect of 2.3%. Performance changes in response to formoterol were unrelated to cyclists' VO2max and leg lean mass, whereas muscle fiber Type I distribution correlated with change in sprinting peak power in response to formoterol (r2 = 0.314, p = 0.012).
Conclusion
Our findings demonstrate that an inhaled one‐off dose of 54 μg formoterol has a performance‐enhancing potential on sprint ability and short intense performance in elite male cyclists, which is irrespective of training status but partly related to muscle fiber type distribution for sprint ability.</abstract><cop>Oxford</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><doi>10.1111/sms.14500</doi><tpages>10</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1210-0282</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6201-2483</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7461-1264</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete |
| subjects | anti‐doping beta‐agonists Bicycling ergogenic intense exercise capacity LABA SABA sprinting ability |
| title | Inhaled beta2‐agonist, formoterol, enhances intense exercise performance, and sprint ability in elite cyclists |
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