Kinetics of metal fixation in soils: Measurement and modeling by isotopic dilution
The bioavailability of metal contaminants in soils varies widely, depending on soil characteristics and the source of the contaminant. As a consequence, site‐specific risk assessment requires accurate prediction of the bioavailable (or labile) fraction of soil metal. Moreover, metals in soil are sub...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental toxicology and chemistry 2006-03, Vol.25 (3), p.659-663 |
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| creator | Crout, Neil M. J. Tye, Andy M. Zhang, Hao McGrath, Steve P. Young, Scott D. |
| description | The bioavailability of metal contaminants in soils varies widely, depending on soil characteristics and the source of the contaminant. As a consequence, site‐specific risk assessment requires accurate prediction of the bioavailable (or labile) fraction of soil metal. Moreover, metals in soil are subject to time‐dependent processes, which affect their bioavailability and thereby complicate the prediction of future risk. The aim of the present study was to describe the development of simple, readily applicable models for the time‐dependent changes in lability of Cd and Zn in soils. We present data showing the time‐dependent behavior of radiolabile and soil solution concentrations of Cd and Zn during an incubation study over a period of 813 d in 23 diverse soils. The data are used to parameterize candidate models of metal fixation in soils designed to be readily applicable and therefore relevant to risk assessment. We conclude that the final extent of metal fixation increases with pH and generally is greater for Zn than for Cd; however, the rate of fixation is independent of pH and equivalent to a half‐time to equilibrium of 29 and 89 d for Cd and Zn, respectively. It is possible that longer‐term processes occur, especially for Zn, but these could not be detected in the present study. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1897/05-069R.1 |
| format | Article |
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J. ; Tye, Andy M. ; Zhang, Hao ; McGrath, Steve P. ; Young, Scott D.</creator><creatorcontrib>Crout, Neil M. J. ; Tye, Andy M. ; Zhang, Hao ; McGrath, Steve P. ; Young, Scott D.</creatorcontrib><description>The bioavailability of metal contaminants in soils varies widely, depending on soil characteristics and the source of the contaminant. As a consequence, site‐specific risk assessment requires accurate prediction of the bioavailable (or labile) fraction of soil metal. Moreover, metals in soil are subject to time‐dependent processes, which affect their bioavailability and thereby complicate the prediction of future risk. The aim of the present study was to describe the development of simple, readily applicable models for the time‐dependent changes in lability of Cd and Zn in soils. We present data showing the time‐dependent behavior of radiolabile and soil solution concentrations of Cd and Zn during an incubation study over a period of 813 d in 23 diverse soils. The data are used to parameterize candidate models of metal fixation in soils designed to be readily applicable and therefore relevant to risk assessment. We conclude that the final extent of metal fixation increases with pH and generally is greater for Zn than for Cd; however, the rate of fixation is independent of pH and equivalent to a half‐time to equilibrium of 29 and 89 d for Cd and Zn, respectively. It is possible that longer‐term processes occur, especially for Zn, but these could not be detected in the present study.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0730-7268</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1552-8618</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1897/05-069R.1</identifier><identifier>PMID: 16566149</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ETOCDK</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Hoboken: Wiley Periodicals, Inc</publisher><subject>Animal, plant and microbial ecology ; Applied ecology ; Bioavailability ; Biological and medical sciences ; Biological Availability ; Cadmium ; Cadmium - analysis ; Contaminants ; Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution ; Environment ; Environmental Monitoring - methods ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; General aspects ; General aspects. Techniques ; Heavy metal content ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Kinetics ; Metals ; Metals - analysis ; Methods and techniques (sampling, tagging, trapping, modelling...) ; Risk ; Risk Assessment ; Soil ; Soil - analysis ; Soil contamination ; Soil Pollutants ; Soil solution ; Soils ; Time Factors ; Zinc ; Zinc - analysis ; Zinc - chemistry</subject><ispartof>Environmental toxicology and chemistry, 2006-03, Vol.25 (3), p.659-663</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2006 SETAC</rights><rights>2006 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright Alliance Communications Group, A Division of Allen Press, Inc. 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J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tye, Andy M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Hao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McGrath, Steve P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Young, Scott D.</creatorcontrib><title>Kinetics of metal fixation in soils: Measurement and modeling by isotopic dilution</title><title>Environmental toxicology and chemistry</title><addtitle>Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry</addtitle><description>The bioavailability of metal contaminants in soils varies widely, depending on soil characteristics and the source of the contaminant. As a consequence, site‐specific risk assessment requires accurate prediction of the bioavailable (or labile) fraction of soil metal. Moreover, metals in soil are subject to time‐dependent processes, which affect their bioavailability and thereby complicate the prediction of future risk. The aim of the present study was to describe the development of simple, readily applicable models for the time‐dependent changes in lability of Cd and Zn in soils. We present data showing the time‐dependent behavior of radiolabile and soil solution concentrations of Cd and Zn during an incubation study over a period of 813 d in 23 diverse soils. The data are used to parameterize candidate models of metal fixation in soils designed to be readily applicable and therefore relevant to risk assessment. We conclude that the final extent of metal fixation increases with pH and generally is greater for Zn than for Cd; however, the rate of fixation is independent of pH and equivalent to a half‐time to equilibrium of 29 and 89 d for Cd and Zn, respectively. It is possible that longer‐term processes occur, especially for Zn, but these could not be detected in the present study.</description><subject>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</subject><subject>Applied ecology</subject><subject>Bioavailability</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Biological Availability</subject><subject>Cadmium</subject><subject>Cadmium - analysis</subject><subject>Contaminants</subject><subject>Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental Monitoring - methods</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>General aspects</subject><subject>General aspects. 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J.</au><au>Tye, Andy M.</au><au>Zhang, Hao</au><au>McGrath, Steve P.</au><au>Young, Scott D.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Kinetics of metal fixation in soils: Measurement and modeling by isotopic dilution</atitle><jtitle>Environmental toxicology and chemistry</jtitle><addtitle>Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry</addtitle><date>2006-03</date><risdate>2006</risdate><volume>25</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>659</spage><epage>663</epage><pages>659-663</pages><issn>0730-7268</issn><eissn>1552-8618</eissn><coden>ETOCDK</coden><abstract>The bioavailability of metal contaminants in soils varies widely, depending on soil characteristics and the source of the contaminant. As a consequence, site‐specific risk assessment requires accurate prediction of the bioavailable (or labile) fraction of soil metal. Moreover, metals in soil are subject to time‐dependent processes, which affect their bioavailability and thereby complicate the prediction of future risk. The aim of the present study was to describe the development of simple, readily applicable models for the time‐dependent changes in lability of Cd and Zn in soils. We present data showing the time‐dependent behavior of radiolabile and soil solution concentrations of Cd and Zn during an incubation study over a period of 813 d in 23 diverse soils. The data are used to parameterize candidate models of metal fixation in soils designed to be readily applicable and therefore relevant to risk assessment. We conclude that the final extent of metal fixation increases with pH and generally is greater for Zn than for Cd; however, the rate of fixation is independent of pH and equivalent to a half‐time to equilibrium of 29 and 89 d for Cd and Zn, respectively. It is possible that longer‐term processes occur, especially for Zn, but these could not be detected in the present study.</abstract><cop>Hoboken</cop><pub>Wiley Periodicals, Inc</pub><pmid>16566149</pmid><doi>10.1897/05-069R.1</doi><tpages>5</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Animal, plant and microbial ecology Applied ecology Bioavailability Biological and medical sciences Biological Availability Cadmium Cadmium - analysis Contaminants Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution Environment Environmental Monitoring - methods Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General aspects General aspects. Techniques Heavy metal content Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Kinetics Metals Metals - analysis Methods and techniques (sampling, tagging, trapping, modelling...) Risk Risk Assessment Soil Soil - analysis Soil contamination Soil Pollutants Soil solution Soils Time Factors Zinc Zinc - analysis Zinc - chemistry |
| title | Kinetics of metal fixation in soils: Measurement and modeling by isotopic dilution |
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