Noise pollution alters the diet composition of invertebrate consumers both in and beyond a noise‐exposed grassland ecosystem

Anthropogenic noise is ubiquitous globally. However, we know little about how the impacts of noise alter fundamental ecosystem properties, such as resource consumption by invertebrate consumers. Using experimental noise manipulation and faecal DNA metabarcoding, we assessed how the direct and cross‐trophic indirect effects of noise altered the dietary richness and specializations of omnivorous grasshoppers in a grassland ecosystem. We found that the experimental noise treatment expanded grasshoppers' dietary richness and resulted in dietary generalizations in both noise‐exposed and adjacent relatively quieter areas. Unexpectedly, however, these dietary changes were primarily explained by the direct effect of noise not only in the noise‐exposed areas but also in the adjacent quieter areas and were relaxed by indirect effects of noise such as reduced birds and predation risk and increased grasshoppers. Our work suggests that noise pollution can be key in explaining the variation of invertebrate consumers' diets across a gradient of noise‐exposed environments. We provide the first evidence that noise pollution not only increased dietary richness but also resulted in dietary generalization for one of the most common terrestrial invertebrate consumers, grasshoppers, under a gradient of noise‐exposed environments. Our findings highlight the possible pervasive impact of noise pollution on ecosystem functioning more than is currently known.