Nighttime smartphone use, sleep quality, and mental health: investigating a complex relationship
Abstract Study Objectives This study investigated the complex relationship between nighttime smartphone use, sleep, and mental health among adult populations in Denmark. Methods Data from three interconnected samples (aged 16–89 years) from the SmartSleep Study included 5798 individuals with survey...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Sleep (New York, N.Y.) N.Y.), 2023-12, Vol.46 (12), p.1 |
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| container_title | Sleep (New York, N.Y.) |
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| creator | Andersen, Thea Otte Sejling, Christoffer Jensen, Andreas Kryger Drews, Henning Johannes Ritz, Beate Varga, Tibor V Rod, Naja Hulvej |
| description | Abstract
Study Objectives
This study investigated the complex relationship between nighttime smartphone use, sleep, and mental health among adult populations in Denmark.
Methods
Data from three interconnected samples (aged 16–89 years) from the SmartSleep Study included 5798 individuals with survey and register data; 4239 individuals also provided high-resolution smartphone tracking data. Logistic regression models and causal discovery algorithms, which suggest possible causal pathways consistent with the underlying data structure, were used to infer the relationship between self-reported and tracked nighttime smartphone use, self-reported sleep quality, mental health indicators, and register-based psychotropic medication use.
Results
Frequent self-reported nighttime smartphone use was associated with high perceived stress (OR: 2.24, 95% CI = 1.42 to 3.55) and severe depressive symptoms (OR: 2.96, 95% CI = 2.04 to 4.28). We found no clear associations between tracked nighttime smartphone use and mental health outcomes, except for the cluster that used their smartphones repeatedly during the sleep period, which was associated with severe depressive symptoms (OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.24 to 2.31). Poor sleep quality (vs. good sleep quality) was associated with high perceived stress (OR = 5.07, 95% CI = 3.72 to 6.90), severe depressive symptoms (OR = 9.67, 95% CI = 7.09 to 13.19), and psychotropic medication use (OR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.36 to 3.35). The causal discovery models suggest that nighttime smartphone use affects mental health through both problematic smartphone use and poor sleep quality.
Conclusion
The complex relationship between nighttime smartphone use, sleep, and poor mental health may create a vicious circle over time, and nighttime smartphone use may constitute a potential leverage point for public health interventions aimed at improving sleep and mental health.
Graphical Abstract |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1093/sleep/zsad256 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_proqu</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2871653738</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A778348097</galeid><oup_id>10.1093/sleep/zsad256</oup_id><sourcerecordid>A778348097</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c393t-7a3d4465975261ba49c3a993e12953a946e919370ba0db4e584e5a358c427c833</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkc9LHTEQx4O01Ffbo1cJeOnB1WSz2STeRGoVpL2053Redt7bSPaHm6zU_vVG36siCCWETCaf-TL5DiH7nB1zZsRJDIjjyd8ITSnrHbLgUrLC5Kd3ZMF4zQvNmdwlH2O8YfleGfGB7AqlpC4FX5Df3_26Tcl3SGMHUxrboUc6RzyiT8r0dobg0_0Rhb6hHfYJAm0RQmpPqe_vMCa_huT7NQXqhm4M-IdOGHJq6GPrx0_k_QpCxM_bc4_8uvj68_yyuP7x7er87LpwwohUKBBNVdXSKFnWfAmVcQKMEchLI3NU1Wi4EYotgTXLCqXOG4TUriqV00LskS8b3XEabufclu18dBgC9DjM0ZZa8VoKJXRGDzfoGgJa36-GNIF7xO2ZUlpUmhmVqeM3qLwa7LzLLq18zr8qKDYFbhpinHBlx8lnT-8tZ_ZxVvbJUbudVeYPth3Pyw6bZ_rfcF6-NMzjf7QeABV_nlg</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2871653738</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Nighttime smartphone use, sleep quality, and mental health: investigating a complex relationship</title><source>Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current)</source><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals</source><source>Alma/SFX Local Collection</source><creator>Andersen, Thea Otte ; Sejling, Christoffer ; Jensen, Andreas Kryger ; Drews, Henning Johannes ; Ritz, Beate ; Varga, Tibor V ; Rod, Naja Hulvej</creator><creatorcontrib>Andersen, Thea Otte ; Sejling, Christoffer ; Jensen, Andreas Kryger ; Drews, Henning Johannes ; Ritz, Beate ; Varga, Tibor V ; Rod, Naja Hulvej</creatorcontrib><description>Abstract
Study Objectives
This study investigated the complex relationship between nighttime smartphone use, sleep, and mental health among adult populations in Denmark.
Methods
Data from three interconnected samples (aged 16–89 years) from the SmartSleep Study included 5798 individuals with survey and register data; 4239 individuals also provided high-resolution smartphone tracking data. Logistic regression models and causal discovery algorithms, which suggest possible causal pathways consistent with the underlying data structure, were used to infer the relationship between self-reported and tracked nighttime smartphone use, self-reported sleep quality, mental health indicators, and register-based psychotropic medication use.
Results
Frequent self-reported nighttime smartphone use was associated with high perceived stress (OR: 2.24, 95% CI = 1.42 to 3.55) and severe depressive symptoms (OR: 2.96, 95% CI = 2.04 to 4.28). We found no clear associations between tracked nighttime smartphone use and mental health outcomes, except for the cluster that used their smartphones repeatedly during the sleep period, which was associated with severe depressive symptoms (OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.24 to 2.31). Poor sleep quality (vs. good sleep quality) was associated with high perceived stress (OR = 5.07, 95% CI = 3.72 to 6.90), severe depressive symptoms (OR = 9.67, 95% CI = 7.09 to 13.19), and psychotropic medication use (OR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.36 to 3.35). The causal discovery models suggest that nighttime smartphone use affects mental health through both problematic smartphone use and poor sleep quality.
Conclusion
The complex relationship between nighttime smartphone use, sleep, and poor mental health may create a vicious circle over time, and nighttime smartphone use may constitute a potential leverage point for public health interventions aimed at improving sleep and mental health.
Graphical Abstract</description><identifier>ISSN: 0161-8105</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1550-9109</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad256</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37758231</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>US: Oxford University Press</publisher><subject>Adult ; Algorithms ; Analysis ; Health aspects ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Psychotropic drugs ; Public health ; Quality management ; Sleep ; Sleep Quality ; Smart phones ; Smartphone ; Surveys ; Surveys and Questionnaires</subject><ispartof>Sleep (New York, N.Y.), 2023-12, Vol.46 (12), p.1</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Sleep Research Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com 2023</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Sleep Research Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2023 Oxford University Press</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c393t-7a3d4465975261ba49c3a993e12953a946e919370ba0db4e584e5a358c427c833</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c393t-7a3d4465975261ba49c3a993e12953a946e919370ba0db4e584e5a358c427c833</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-4128-9299 ; 0000-0002-5575-4307 ; 0000-0002-2383-699X ; 0000-0001-6976-7339</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1578,27901,27902</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37758231$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Andersen, Thea Otte</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sejling, Christoffer</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jensen, Andreas Kryger</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Drews, Henning Johannes</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ritz, Beate</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Varga, Tibor V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rod, Naja Hulvej</creatorcontrib><title>Nighttime smartphone use, sleep quality, and mental health: investigating a complex relationship</title><title>Sleep (New York, N.Y.)</title><addtitle>Sleep</addtitle><description>Abstract
Study Objectives
This study investigated the complex relationship between nighttime smartphone use, sleep, and mental health among adult populations in Denmark.
Methods
Data from three interconnected samples (aged 16–89 years) from the SmartSleep Study included 5798 individuals with survey and register data; 4239 individuals also provided high-resolution smartphone tracking data. Logistic regression models and causal discovery algorithms, which suggest possible causal pathways consistent with the underlying data structure, were used to infer the relationship between self-reported and tracked nighttime smartphone use, self-reported sleep quality, mental health indicators, and register-based psychotropic medication use.
Results
Frequent self-reported nighttime smartphone use was associated with high perceived stress (OR: 2.24, 95% CI = 1.42 to 3.55) and severe depressive symptoms (OR: 2.96, 95% CI = 2.04 to 4.28). We found no clear associations between tracked nighttime smartphone use and mental health outcomes, except for the cluster that used their smartphones repeatedly during the sleep period, which was associated with severe depressive symptoms (OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.24 to 2.31). Poor sleep quality (vs. good sleep quality) was associated with high perceived stress (OR = 5.07, 95% CI = 3.72 to 6.90), severe depressive symptoms (OR = 9.67, 95% CI = 7.09 to 13.19), and psychotropic medication use (OR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.36 to 3.35). The causal discovery models suggest that nighttime smartphone use affects mental health through both problematic smartphone use and poor sleep quality.
Conclusion
The complex relationship between nighttime smartphone use, sleep, and poor mental health may create a vicious circle over time, and nighttime smartphone use may constitute a potential leverage point for public health interventions aimed at improving sleep and mental health.
Graphical Abstract</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Algorithms</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Mental Health</subject><subject>Psychotropic drugs</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Quality management</subject><subject>Sleep</subject><subject>Sleep Quality</subject><subject>Smart phones</subject><subject>Smartphone</subject><subject>Surveys</subject><subject>Surveys and Questionnaires</subject><issn>0161-8105</issn><issn>1550-9109</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkc9LHTEQx4O01Ffbo1cJeOnB1WSz2STeRGoVpL2053Redt7bSPaHm6zU_vVG36siCCWETCaf-TL5DiH7nB1zZsRJDIjjyd8ITSnrHbLgUrLC5Kd3ZMF4zQvNmdwlH2O8YfleGfGB7AqlpC4FX5Df3_26Tcl3SGMHUxrboUc6RzyiT8r0dobg0_0Rhb6hHfYJAm0RQmpPqe_vMCa_huT7NQXqhm4M-IdOGHJq6GPrx0_k_QpCxM_bc4_8uvj68_yyuP7x7er87LpwwohUKBBNVdXSKFnWfAmVcQKMEchLI3NU1Wi4EYotgTXLCqXOG4TUriqV00LskS8b3XEabufclu18dBgC9DjM0ZZa8VoKJXRGDzfoGgJa36-GNIF7xO2ZUlpUmhmVqeM3qLwa7LzLLq18zr8qKDYFbhpinHBlx8lnT-8tZ_ZxVvbJUbudVeYPth3Pyw6bZ_rfcF6-NMzjf7QeABV_nlg</recordid><startdate>20231211</startdate><enddate>20231211</enddate><creator>Andersen, Thea Otte</creator><creator>Sejling, Christoffer</creator><creator>Jensen, Andreas Kryger</creator><creator>Drews, Henning Johannes</creator><creator>Ritz, Beate</creator><creator>Varga, Tibor V</creator><creator>Rod, Naja Hulvej</creator><general>Oxford University Press</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4128-9299</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5575-4307</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2383-699X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6976-7339</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20231211</creationdate><title>Nighttime smartphone use, sleep quality, and mental health: investigating a complex relationship</title><author>Andersen, Thea Otte ; Sejling, Christoffer ; Jensen, Andreas Kryger ; Drews, Henning Johannes ; Ritz, Beate ; Varga, Tibor V ; Rod, Naja Hulvej</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c393t-7a3d4465975261ba49c3a993e12953a946e919370ba0db4e584e5a358c427c833</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Algorithms</topic><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Mental Health</topic><topic>Psychotropic drugs</topic><topic>Public health</topic><topic>Quality management</topic><topic>Sleep</topic><topic>Sleep Quality</topic><topic>Smart phones</topic><topic>Smartphone</topic><topic>Surveys</topic><topic>Surveys and Questionnaires</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Andersen, Thea Otte</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sejling, Christoffer</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jensen, Andreas Kryger</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Drews, Henning Johannes</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ritz, Beate</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Varga, Tibor V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rod, Naja Hulvej</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Sleep (New York, N.Y.)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Andersen, Thea Otte</au><au>Sejling, Christoffer</au><au>Jensen, Andreas Kryger</au><au>Drews, Henning Johannes</au><au>Ritz, Beate</au><au>Varga, Tibor V</au><au>Rod, Naja Hulvej</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Nighttime smartphone use, sleep quality, and mental health: investigating a complex relationship</atitle><jtitle>Sleep (New York, N.Y.)</jtitle><addtitle>Sleep</addtitle><date>2023-12-11</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>46</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>1</spage><pages>1-</pages><issn>0161-8105</issn><eissn>1550-9109</eissn><abstract>Abstract
Study Objectives
This study investigated the complex relationship between nighttime smartphone use, sleep, and mental health among adult populations in Denmark.
Methods
Data from three interconnected samples (aged 16–89 years) from the SmartSleep Study included 5798 individuals with survey and register data; 4239 individuals also provided high-resolution smartphone tracking data. Logistic regression models and causal discovery algorithms, which suggest possible causal pathways consistent with the underlying data structure, were used to infer the relationship between self-reported and tracked nighttime smartphone use, self-reported sleep quality, mental health indicators, and register-based psychotropic medication use.
Results
Frequent self-reported nighttime smartphone use was associated with high perceived stress (OR: 2.24, 95% CI = 1.42 to 3.55) and severe depressive symptoms (OR: 2.96, 95% CI = 2.04 to 4.28). We found no clear associations between tracked nighttime smartphone use and mental health outcomes, except for the cluster that used their smartphones repeatedly during the sleep period, which was associated with severe depressive symptoms (OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.24 to 2.31). Poor sleep quality (vs. good sleep quality) was associated with high perceived stress (OR = 5.07, 95% CI = 3.72 to 6.90), severe depressive symptoms (OR = 9.67, 95% CI = 7.09 to 13.19), and psychotropic medication use (OR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.36 to 3.35). The causal discovery models suggest that nighttime smartphone use affects mental health through both problematic smartphone use and poor sleep quality.
Conclusion
The complex relationship between nighttime smartphone use, sleep, and poor mental health may create a vicious circle over time, and nighttime smartphone use may constitute a potential leverage point for public health interventions aimed at improving sleep and mental health.
Graphical Abstract</abstract><cop>US</cop><pub>Oxford University Press</pub><pmid>37758231</pmid><doi>10.1093/sleep/zsad256</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4128-9299</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5575-4307</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2383-699X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6976-7339</orcidid></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0161-8105 |
| ispartof | Sleep (New York, N.Y.), 2023-12, Vol.46 (12), p.1 |
| issn | 0161-8105 1550-9109 |
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| source | Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current); MEDLINE; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Adult Algorithms Analysis Health aspects Humans Mental Health Psychotropic drugs Public health Quality management Sleep Sleep Quality Smart phones Smartphone Surveys Surveys and Questionnaires |
| title | Nighttime smartphone use, sleep quality, and mental health: investigating a complex relationship |
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