MXene‐Decorated Nanofibrous Membrane with Programmed Antibacterial and Anti‐Inflammatory Effects via Steering NF‐κB Pathway for Infectious Cutaneous Regeneration

Although antibiotic is still the main choice for antibacteria both in hospital and community, phototherapy has become a possibly one of the alternative approaches in the treatment of microbe‐associated infections nowadays because of its considerable potential in effective eradication of pathogenic bacteria. However, overwhelming reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from phototherapy inevitably provoke an inflammatory response, complicating the healing process. To address this outstanding issue, a MXene‐decorated nanofibrious is devised that not only yield localized heat but also elevate ROS levels under near‐infrared laser exposure ascribed to the synergistic photothermal/photodynamic effect, for potent bacterial inactivation. After being further loaded with aspirin, the nanofibrous membranes exhibit benign cytocompatibility, boosting cell growth and suppressing the (nuclear factor kappa‐B ( NF‐κB) signaling pathways through RNA sequencing analysis, indicating an excellent anti‐inflammatory effect. Interestingly, in vivo investigations also corroborate that the nanofibrous membranes accelerate infectious cutaneous regeneration by efficiently killing pathogenic bacteria, promoting collagen deposition, boosting angiogenesis, and dampening inflammatory reaction via steering NF‐κB pathway. As envisaged, this work furnishes a decorated nanofibrous membrane with programmed antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory effects for remedy of refractory bacteria‐invaded wound regeneration. The fabricated membranes release aspirin in response to the photothermal performance with the laser irradiation, contributing to inhibiting the NF‐κB pathway to alleviate inflammatory response and potentiate wound healing. Moreover, the membranes adopted chitosan possess excellent photoresponsive disinfection ability even without light irradiation and empower it with remarkable cytocompatibility, which has the potential to rapidly enhance wound regeneration.