Characterization of surface microstructure and properties of low-energy high-dose plasma immersion ion-implanted 304L austenitic stainless steel
Low-energy plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) of nitrogen was carried out in pulses of 3.8-kHz frequency to modify the surface of AISI 304L stainless steel at a high dose of 0.7–2.1×10 23 ions/m 2 at −1 kV applied d.c. potential in the temperature range 300–380 °C. PIII seems to significantly...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Surface & coatings technology 2005-12, Vol.200 (7), p.2049-2057 |
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| creator | Ram Mohan Rao, K. Mukherjee, S. Raole, P.M. Manna, I. |
| description | Low-energy plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) of nitrogen was carried out in pulses of 3.8-kHz frequency to modify the surface of AISI 304L stainless steel at a high dose of 0.7–2.1×10
23 ions/m
2 at −1 kV applied d.c. potential in the temperature range 300–380 °C. PIII seems to significantly enhance the hardness up to a shallow depth from the surface but adversely affect the resistance to pitting corrosion. A detailed characterization of the surface microstructure, composition and chemical state of the constituents was carried out by normal incidence and glancing angle X-ray diffraction (XRD) and by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. XRD analysis revealed that the microstructural constituents were mostly austenite (γ), expanded austenite (γ
N) and ɛ-nitride in varying proportion depending on the PIII parameters. On the other hand, XPS analysis showed that nitrogen was mostly present as Fe- or Cr-nitride. In particular, γ
N phase seemed to be a mixed nitride of Fe and Cr. While significant increase in hardness could arise due to grain refinement of γ and γ
N ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.06.035 |
| format | Article |
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23 ions/m
2 at −1 kV applied d.c. potential in the temperature range 300–380 °C. PIII seems to significantly enhance the hardness up to a shallow depth from the surface but adversely affect the resistance to pitting corrosion. A detailed characterization of the surface microstructure, composition and chemical state of the constituents was carried out by normal incidence and glancing angle X-ray diffraction (XRD) and by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. XRD analysis revealed that the microstructural constituents were mostly austenite (γ), expanded austenite (γ
N) and ɛ-nitride in varying proportion depending on the PIII parameters. On the other hand, XPS analysis showed that nitrogen was mostly present as Fe- or Cr-nitride. In particular, γ
N phase seemed to be a mixed nitride of Fe and Cr. While significant increase in hardness could arise due to grain refinement of γ and γ
N (<50 nm) and solid solution hardening due to nitrogen, the deterioration of corrosion resistance could be attributed to the evolution of a multiphase microstructure (γ, γ
N and particularly ɛ
N) from an essentially single-phase parent γ microstructure. Finally, a detailed analysis is presented to identify the optimum PIII condition that offers a compromise between increase in hardness and loss of pitting corrosion resistance.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0257-8972</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-3347</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.06.035</identifier><identifier>CODEN: SCTEEJ</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Lausanne: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Applied sciences ; Corrosion ; Corrosion environments ; Corrosion resistance ; Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology ; Exact sciences and technology ; Expanded austenite ; Hardness ; Materials science ; Metals. Metallurgy ; Nitrogen ; Other topics in materials science ; Physics ; Plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII)</subject><ispartof>Surface & coatings technology, 2005-12, Vol.200 (7), p.2049-2057</ispartof><rights>2004 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>2006 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c373t-31e3e0012d671a04136addd2a14ae07d20add0926f9ef034454074aea34a4b7a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c373t-31e3e0012d671a04136addd2a14ae07d20add0926f9ef034454074aea34a4b7a3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.06.035$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=17432889$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ram Mohan Rao, K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mukherjee, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Raole, P.M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Manna, I.</creatorcontrib><title>Characterization of surface microstructure and properties of low-energy high-dose plasma immersion ion-implanted 304L austenitic stainless steel</title><title>Surface & coatings technology</title><description>Low-energy plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) of nitrogen was carried out in pulses of 3.8-kHz frequency to modify the surface of AISI 304L stainless steel at a high dose of 0.7–2.1×10
23 ions/m
2 at −1 kV applied d.c. potential in the temperature range 300–380 °C. PIII seems to significantly enhance the hardness up to a shallow depth from the surface but adversely affect the resistance to pitting corrosion. A detailed characterization of the surface microstructure, composition and chemical state of the constituents was carried out by normal incidence and glancing angle X-ray diffraction (XRD) and by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. XRD analysis revealed that the microstructural constituents were mostly austenite (γ), expanded austenite (γ
N) and ɛ-nitride in varying proportion depending on the PIII parameters. On the other hand, XPS analysis showed that nitrogen was mostly present as Fe- or Cr-nitride. In particular, γ
N phase seemed to be a mixed nitride of Fe and Cr. While significant increase in hardness could arise due to grain refinement of γ and γ
N (<50 nm) and solid solution hardening due to nitrogen, the deterioration of corrosion resistance could be attributed to the evolution of a multiphase microstructure (γ, γ
N and particularly ɛ
N) from an essentially single-phase parent γ microstructure. Finally, a detailed analysis is presented to identify the optimum PIII condition that offers a compromise between increase in hardness and loss of pitting corrosion resistance.</description><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Corrosion</subject><subject>Corrosion environments</subject><subject>Corrosion resistance</subject><subject>Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Expanded austenite</subject><subject>Hardness</subject><subject>Materials science</subject><subject>Metals. Metallurgy</subject><subject>Nitrogen</subject><subject>Other topics in materials science</subject><subject>Physics</subject><subject>Plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII)</subject><issn>0257-8972</issn><issn>1879-3347</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2005</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkcuO1DAQRSPESDQz_ALyBnYJ5diJkx2oxQBSS2xgbRV2ZdqtPBqXA5r5ivlkHPUgliwsv07d8vUtitcSKgmyfXeqeI2DWzBVNYCuoK1ANc-KnexMXyqlzfNiB3Vjyq439YviJfMJAKTp9a543B8xoksUwwOmsMxiGcSmh47EFFxcOMXVpTWSwNmLc1zOFFMg3sBx-V3STPHuXhzD3bH0C5M4j8gTijBNFHlTzKMMUz6eE3mhQB8ErpxoDik4wQnDPBJzXhGNN8XVgCPTq6f5uvh--_Hb_nN5-Prpy_7DoXTKqFQqSYqyidq3RiJoqVr03tcoNRIYX0PeQl-3Q08DKK0bDSZfodKofxhU18Xbi2529HMlTnYK7GjMr6RlZVt3ba-bBjLYXsDtLzjSYM8xTBjvrQS7BWBP9m8AdgvAQmtzALnwzVMHZIfjEHF2gf9VG63qrusz9_7CUbb7K1C07ALNjnyI5JL1S_hfqz-pd6OH</recordid><startdate>20051221</startdate><enddate>20051221</enddate><creator>Ram Mohan Rao, K.</creator><creator>Mukherjee, S.</creator><creator>Raole, P.M.</creator><creator>Manna, I.</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SE</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>JG9</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20051221</creationdate><title>Characterization of surface microstructure and properties of low-energy high-dose plasma immersion ion-implanted 304L austenitic stainless steel</title><author>Ram Mohan Rao, K. ; Mukherjee, S. ; Raole, P.M. ; Manna, I.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c373t-31e3e0012d671a04136addd2a14ae07d20add0926f9ef034454074aea34a4b7a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2005</creationdate><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>Corrosion</topic><topic>Corrosion environments</topic><topic>Corrosion resistance</topic><topic>Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Expanded austenite</topic><topic>Hardness</topic><topic>Materials science</topic><topic>Metals. Metallurgy</topic><topic>Nitrogen</topic><topic>Other topics in materials science</topic><topic>Physics</topic><topic>Plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII)</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ram Mohan Rao, K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mukherjee, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Raole, P.M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Manna, I.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Corrosion Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><jtitle>Surface & coatings technology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ram Mohan Rao, K.</au><au>Mukherjee, S.</au><au>Raole, P.M.</au><au>Manna, I.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Characterization of surface microstructure and properties of low-energy high-dose plasma immersion ion-implanted 304L austenitic stainless steel</atitle><jtitle>Surface & coatings technology</jtitle><date>2005-12-21</date><risdate>2005</risdate><volume>200</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>2049</spage><epage>2057</epage><pages>2049-2057</pages><issn>0257-8972</issn><eissn>1879-3347</eissn><coden>SCTEEJ</coden><abstract>Low-energy plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) of nitrogen was carried out in pulses of 3.8-kHz frequency to modify the surface of AISI 304L stainless steel at a high dose of 0.7–2.1×10
23 ions/m
2 at −1 kV applied d.c. potential in the temperature range 300–380 °C. PIII seems to significantly enhance the hardness up to a shallow depth from the surface but adversely affect the resistance to pitting corrosion. A detailed characterization of the surface microstructure, composition and chemical state of the constituents was carried out by normal incidence and glancing angle X-ray diffraction (XRD) and by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. XRD analysis revealed that the microstructural constituents were mostly austenite (γ), expanded austenite (γ
N) and ɛ-nitride in varying proportion depending on the PIII parameters. On the other hand, XPS analysis showed that nitrogen was mostly present as Fe- or Cr-nitride. In particular, γ
N phase seemed to be a mixed nitride of Fe and Cr. While significant increase in hardness could arise due to grain refinement of γ and γ
N (<50 nm) and solid solution hardening due to nitrogen, the deterioration of corrosion resistance could be attributed to the evolution of a multiphase microstructure (γ, γ
N and particularly ɛ
N) from an essentially single-phase parent γ microstructure. Finally, a detailed analysis is presented to identify the optimum PIII condition that offers a compromise between increase in hardness and loss of pitting corrosion resistance.</abstract><cop>Lausanne</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><doi>10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.06.035</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Applied sciences Corrosion Corrosion environments Corrosion resistance Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science rheology Exact sciences and technology Expanded austenite Hardness Materials science Metals. Metallurgy Nitrogen Other topics in materials science Physics Plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) |
| title | Characterization of surface microstructure and properties of low-energy high-dose plasma immersion ion-implanted 304L austenitic stainless steel |
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