Deeper topsoils enhance ecosystem productivity and climate resilience in arid regions, but not in humid regions
Understanding the controlling mechanisms of soil properties on ecosystem productivity is essential for sustaining productivity and increasing resilience under a changing climate. Here we investigate the control of topsoil depth (e.g., A horizons) on long‐term ecosystem productivity. We used nationwi...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Global change biology 2023-12, Vol.29 (23), p.6794-6811 |
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| creator | Zhang, Yakun Desai, Ankur R. Xiao, Jingfeng Hartemink, Alfred E. |
| description | Understanding the controlling mechanisms of soil properties on ecosystem productivity is essential for sustaining productivity and increasing resilience under a changing climate. Here we investigate the control of topsoil depth (e.g., A horizons) on long‐term ecosystem productivity. We used nationwide observations (n = 2401) of topsoil depth and multiple scaled datasets of gross primary productivity (GPP) for five ecosystems (cropland, forest, grassland, pasture, shrubland) over 36 years (1986–2021) across the conterminous USA. The relationship between topsoil depth and GPP is primarily associated with water availability, which is particularly significant in arid regions under grassland, shrubland, and cropland (r = .37, .32, .15, respectively, p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/gcb.16944 |
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We investigated the control of topsoil depth (e.g., A horizons) on long‐term ecosystem productivity using nationwide observations (n = 2401) of topsoil depth and multiple scaled datasets of gross primary productivity (GPP) for five ecosystems (cropland, forest, grassland, pasture, shrubland) over 36 years (1986–2021) across the conterminous USA. The relationship between topsoil depth and GPP is primarily associated with water availability, which is particularly significant in arid regions under grassland, shrubland, and cropland. Soils under forest have thin topsoils but the highest GPP. Increases in GPP resilience to climatic extremes are associated with deeper topsoils in arid regions.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1354-1013</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1365-2486</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16944</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Agricultural land ; Arid regions ; Arid zones ; Climate adaptation ; Climate change ; Climate change adaptation ; climate extremes ; Coefficients ; Confidence intervals ; Depth ; Ecosystem resilience ; Ecosystem services ; Ecosystems ; Grasslands ; gross primary production ; Pasture ; Primary production ; Productivity ; Regions ; Resilience ; Shrublands ; Soil depth ; Soil improvement ; Soil properties ; Soil types ; Soils ; Statistical analysis ; Structural equation modeling ; Topsoil ; Water availability ; Water depth</subject><ispartof>Global change biology, 2023-12, Vol.29 (23), p.6794-6811</ispartof><rights>2023 The Authors. published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</rights><rights>2023. This article is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3254-4e34ad7fd3bbd5f1929738199d5b5e5e46dda1f5f6b0a4c2be5239e3b4647f3a3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-5797-6798 ; 0000-0002-5226-6041 ; 0000-0002-0622-6903 ; 0000-0002-9636-8576</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fgcb.16944$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fgcb.16944$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,27924,27925,45574,45575</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Yakun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Desai, Ankur R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xiao, Jingfeng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hartemink, Alfred E.</creatorcontrib><title>Deeper topsoils enhance ecosystem productivity and climate resilience in arid regions, but not in humid regions</title><title>Global change biology</title><description>Understanding the controlling mechanisms of soil properties on ecosystem productivity is essential for sustaining productivity and increasing resilience under a changing climate. Here we investigate the control of topsoil depth (e.g., A horizons) on long‐term ecosystem productivity. We used nationwide observations (n = 2401) of topsoil depth and multiple scaled datasets of gross primary productivity (GPP) for five ecosystems (cropland, forest, grassland, pasture, shrubland) over 36 years (1986–2021) across the conterminous USA. The relationship between topsoil depth and GPP is primarily associated with water availability, which is particularly significant in arid regions under grassland, shrubland, and cropland (r = .37, .32, .15, respectively, p < .0001). For every 10 cm increase in topsoil depth, the GPP increased by 114 to 128 g C m−2 year−1 in arid regions (r = .33 and .45, p < .0001). Paired comparison of relatively shallow and deep topsoils while holding other variables (climate, vegetation, parent material, soil type) constant showed that the positive control of topsoil depth on GPP occurred primarily in cropland (0.73, confidence interval of 0.57–0.84) and shrubland (0.75, confidence interval of 0.40–0.94). The GPP difference between deep and shallow topsoils was small and not statistically significant. Despite the positive control of topsoil depth on productivity in arid regions, its contribution (coefficients: .09–.33) was similar to that of heat (coefficients: .06–.39) but less than that of water (coefficients: .07–.87). The resilience of ecosystem productivity to climate extremes varied in different ecosystems and climatic regions. Deeper topsoils increased stability and decreased the variability of GPP under climate extremes in most ecosystems, especially in shrubland and grassland. The conservation of topsoil in arid regions and improvements of soil depth representation and moisture‐retention mechanisms are critical for carbon‐sequestration ecosystem services under a changing climate. These findings and relationships should also be included in Earth system models.
We investigated the control of topsoil depth (e.g., A horizons) on long‐term ecosystem productivity using nationwide observations (n = 2401) of topsoil depth and multiple scaled datasets of gross primary productivity (GPP) for five ecosystems (cropland, forest, grassland, pasture, shrubland) over 36 years (1986–2021) across the conterminous USA. The relationship between topsoil depth and GPP is primarily associated with water availability, which is particularly significant in arid regions under grassland, shrubland, and cropland. Soils under forest have thin topsoils but the highest GPP. Increases in GPP resilience to climatic extremes are associated with deeper topsoils in arid regions.</description><subject>Agricultural land</subject><subject>Arid regions</subject><subject>Arid zones</subject><subject>Climate adaptation</subject><subject>Climate change</subject><subject>Climate change adaptation</subject><subject>climate extremes</subject><subject>Coefficients</subject><subject>Confidence intervals</subject><subject>Depth</subject><subject>Ecosystem resilience</subject><subject>Ecosystem services</subject><subject>Ecosystems</subject><subject>Grasslands</subject><subject>gross primary production</subject><subject>Pasture</subject><subject>Primary production</subject><subject>Productivity</subject><subject>Regions</subject><subject>Resilience</subject><subject>Shrublands</subject><subject>Soil depth</subject><subject>Soil improvement</subject><subject>Soil properties</subject><subject>Soil types</subject><subject>Soils</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Structural equation modeling</subject><subject>Topsoil</subject><subject>Water availability</subject><subject>Water depth</subject><issn>1354-1013</issn><issn>1365-2486</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>24P</sourceid><sourceid>WIN</sourceid><recordid>eNp10E9LwzAYBvAiCs7pwW8Q8KJgXdP8aXvUqVMYeNFzSZO3W0bX1CRV-u1NrSAI5pKQ95fw8ETROU5ucFiLjaxuMC8oPYhmmHAWpzTnh-OZ0RgnmBxHJ87tkiQhacJnkbkH6MAibzpndOMQtFvRSkAgjRuchz3qrFG99PpD-wGJViHZ6L3wgCw43WgYtW6RsFqFq402rbtGVe9Ra_w42Pb738lpdFSLxsHZzz6P3h4fXpdP8fpl9by8XceSpCEpBUKFympFqkqxGhdpkZEcF4ViFQMGlCslcM1qXiWCyrQClpICSEU5zWoiyDy6nP4N6d97cL7cayehaUQLpndlmvMM0zxneaAXf-jO9LYN6YLKeUo45qO6mpS0xjkLddnZUIMdSpyUY_VlqL78rj7YxWQ_dQPD_7BcLe-mF19XnYZ6</recordid><startdate>202312</startdate><enddate>202312</enddate><creator>Zhang, Yakun</creator><creator>Desai, Ankur R.</creator><creator>Xiao, Jingfeng</creator><creator>Hartemink, Alfred E.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>24P</scope><scope>WIN</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5797-6798</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5226-6041</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0622-6903</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9636-8576</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202312</creationdate><title>Deeper topsoils enhance ecosystem productivity and climate resilience in arid regions, but not in humid regions</title><author>Zhang, Yakun ; Desai, Ankur R. ; Xiao, Jingfeng ; Hartemink, Alfred E.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3254-4e34ad7fd3bbd5f1929738199d5b5e5e46dda1f5f6b0a4c2be5239e3b4647f3a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Agricultural land</topic><topic>Arid regions</topic><topic>Arid zones</topic><topic>Climate adaptation</topic><topic>Climate change</topic><topic>Climate change adaptation</topic><topic>climate extremes</topic><topic>Coefficients</topic><topic>Confidence intervals</topic><topic>Depth</topic><topic>Ecosystem resilience</topic><topic>Ecosystem services</topic><topic>Ecosystems</topic><topic>Grasslands</topic><topic>gross primary production</topic><topic>Pasture</topic><topic>Primary production</topic><topic>Productivity</topic><topic>Regions</topic><topic>Resilience</topic><topic>Shrublands</topic><topic>Soil depth</topic><topic>Soil improvement</topic><topic>Soil properties</topic><topic>Soil types</topic><topic>Soils</topic><topic>Statistical analysis</topic><topic>Structural equation modeling</topic><topic>Topsoil</topic><topic>Water availability</topic><topic>Water depth</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Yakun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Desai, Ankur R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xiao, Jingfeng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hartemink, Alfred E.</creatorcontrib><collection>Wiley-Blackwell Open Access Titles</collection><collection>Wiley Free Content</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Global change biology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Zhang, Yakun</au><au>Desai, Ankur R.</au><au>Xiao, Jingfeng</au><au>Hartemink, Alfred E.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Deeper topsoils enhance ecosystem productivity and climate resilience in arid regions, but not in humid regions</atitle><jtitle>Global change biology</jtitle><date>2023-12</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>29</volume><issue>23</issue><spage>6794</spage><epage>6811</epage><pages>6794-6811</pages><issn>1354-1013</issn><eissn>1365-2486</eissn><abstract>Understanding the controlling mechanisms of soil properties on ecosystem productivity is essential for sustaining productivity and increasing resilience under a changing climate. Here we investigate the control of topsoil depth (e.g., A horizons) on long‐term ecosystem productivity. We used nationwide observations (n = 2401) of topsoil depth and multiple scaled datasets of gross primary productivity (GPP) for five ecosystems (cropland, forest, grassland, pasture, shrubland) over 36 years (1986–2021) across the conterminous USA. The relationship between topsoil depth and GPP is primarily associated with water availability, which is particularly significant in arid regions under grassland, shrubland, and cropland (r = .37, .32, .15, respectively, p < .0001). For every 10 cm increase in topsoil depth, the GPP increased by 114 to 128 g C m−2 year−1 in arid regions (r = .33 and .45, p < .0001). Paired comparison of relatively shallow and deep topsoils while holding other variables (climate, vegetation, parent material, soil type) constant showed that the positive control of topsoil depth on GPP occurred primarily in cropland (0.73, confidence interval of 0.57–0.84) and shrubland (0.75, confidence interval of 0.40–0.94). The GPP difference between deep and shallow topsoils was small and not statistically significant. Despite the positive control of topsoil depth on productivity in arid regions, its contribution (coefficients: .09–.33) was similar to that of heat (coefficients: .06–.39) but less than that of water (coefficients: .07–.87). The resilience of ecosystem productivity to climate extremes varied in different ecosystems and climatic regions. Deeper topsoils increased stability and decreased the variability of GPP under climate extremes in most ecosystems, especially in shrubland and grassland. The conservation of topsoil in arid regions and improvements of soil depth representation and moisture‐retention mechanisms are critical for carbon‐sequestration ecosystem services under a changing climate. These findings and relationships should also be included in Earth system models.
We investigated the control of topsoil depth (e.g., A horizons) on long‐term ecosystem productivity using nationwide observations (n = 2401) of topsoil depth and multiple scaled datasets of gross primary productivity (GPP) for five ecosystems (cropland, forest, grassland, pasture, shrubland) over 36 years (1986–2021) across the conterminous USA. The relationship between topsoil depth and GPP is primarily associated with water availability, which is particularly significant in arid regions under grassland, shrubland, and cropland. Soils under forest have thin topsoils but the highest GPP. Increases in GPP resilience to climatic extremes are associated with deeper topsoils in arid regions.</abstract><cop>Oxford</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><doi>10.1111/gcb.16944</doi><tpages>18</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5797-6798</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5226-6041</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0622-6903</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9636-8576</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Agricultural land Arid regions Arid zones Climate adaptation Climate change Climate change adaptation climate extremes Coefficients Confidence intervals Depth Ecosystem resilience Ecosystem services Ecosystems Grasslands gross primary production Pasture Primary production Productivity Regions Resilience Shrublands Soil depth Soil improvement Soil properties Soil types Soils Statistical analysis Structural equation modeling Topsoil Water availability Water depth |
| title | Deeper topsoils enhance ecosystem productivity and climate resilience in arid regions, but not in humid regions |
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