Urinary Na/K ratio is a predictor of developing chronic kidney disease in the general population
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases as well as end-stage kidney disease. Increased dietary sodium (Na) or decreased dietary potassium (K) deteriorates kidney function; however, findings regarding the association of dietary Na/K ratio with kidney function a...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Hypertension research 2024-01, Vol.47 (1), p.225-232 |
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| creator | Takase, Hiroyuki Kawakatsu, Naomi Hayashi, Kazusa Kin, Fumihiko Isogaki, Takeru Dohi, Yasuaki |
| description | Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases as well as end-stage kidney disease. Increased dietary sodium (Na) or decreased dietary potassium (K) deteriorates kidney function; however, findings regarding the association of dietary Na/K ratio with kidney function are limited and conflicting. Therefore, the present study investigated the impact of urinary Na/K ratio on the development of CKD, defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/s41440-023-01399-4 |
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, in the Japanese general population. In total, 14,549 subjects without CKD who participated in our medical checkup were enrolled. The urinary Na/K ratio was measured using a sample of overnight urine. The subjects were followed up until the endpoint (onset of CKD). During the median follow-up period of 61.4 months, CKD developed in 2096 participants (25.9 per 1000 person-years). The risk of developing CKD increased across the quartiles of baseline urinary Na/K ratio in the Kaplan-Meier analysis (log-rank, P < 0.001). In multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, urinary Na/K ratio was a significant predictor of new-onset CKD after adjustment for important factors including eGFR at baseline (hazard ratio, 2.013; 95% confidence interval, 1.658-2.445; p < 0.001). Moreover, baseline urinary Na/K ratio was found to be independently correlated with yearly decline in eGFR. Similar results were obtained in subgroups of participants with and without hypertension. Thus, urinary Na/K ratio is significantly associated with the development of CKD in the general population.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0916-9636</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1348-4214</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1348-4214</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01399-4</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37714952</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England</publisher><subject>Disease Progression ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Kidney ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; Risk Factors ; Sodium - urine</subject><ispartof>Hypertension research, 2024-01, Vol.47 (1), p.225-232</ispartof><rights>2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Japanese Society of Hypertension.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c303t-ef5ec2f7c5ad09bbee0d3f51a1d7e0e64c1e1b15eca89e37e62fd5111f05838b3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c303t-ef5ec2f7c5ad09bbee0d3f51a1d7e0e64c1e1b15eca89e37e62fd5111f05838b3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37714952$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Takase, Hiroyuki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kawakatsu, Naomi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hayashi, Kazusa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kin, Fumihiko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Isogaki, Takeru</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dohi, Yasuaki</creatorcontrib><title>Urinary Na/K ratio is a predictor of developing chronic kidney disease in the general population</title><title>Hypertension research</title><addtitle>Hypertens Res</addtitle><description>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases as well as end-stage kidney disease. Increased dietary sodium (Na) or decreased dietary potassium (K) deteriorates kidney function; however, findings regarding the association of dietary Na/K ratio with kidney function are limited and conflicting. Therefore, the present study investigated the impact of urinary Na/K ratio on the development of CKD, defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min/1.73 m
, in the Japanese general population. In total, 14,549 subjects without CKD who participated in our medical checkup were enrolled. The urinary Na/K ratio was measured using a sample of overnight urine. The subjects were followed up until the endpoint (onset of CKD). During the median follow-up period of 61.4 months, CKD developed in 2096 participants (25.9 per 1000 person-years). The risk of developing CKD increased across the quartiles of baseline urinary Na/K ratio in the Kaplan-Meier analysis (log-rank, P < 0.001). In multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, urinary Na/K ratio was a significant predictor of new-onset CKD after adjustment for important factors including eGFR at baseline (hazard ratio, 2.013; 95% confidence interval, 1.658-2.445; p < 0.001). Moreover, baseline urinary Na/K ratio was found to be independently correlated with yearly decline in eGFR. Similar results were obtained in subgroups of participants with and without hypertension. Thus, urinary Na/K ratio is significantly associated with the development of CKD in the general population.</description><subject>Disease Progression</subject><subject>Glomerular Filtration Rate</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Kidney</subject><subject>Kidney Failure, Chronic</subject><subject>Renal Insufficiency, Chronic</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Sodium - urine</subject><issn>0916-9636</issn><issn>1348-4214</issn><issn>1348-4214</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNo9kL1OwzAYRS0EouXnBRiQR5ZQf7aTOCOq-BMVLDAbx_4ChjQOdoLUt6elheku557hEHIG7BKYULMkQUqWMS4yBqKqMrlHpiCkyiQHuU-mrIIiqwpRTMhRSh-McZVXcEgmoixBVjmfkteX6DsTV_TRzB5oNIMP1CdqaB_ReTuESENDHX5jG3rfvVH7HkPnLf30rsMVdT6hSUh9R4d3pG_YYTQt7UM_thtZd0IOGtMmPN3tMXm5uX6e32WLp9v7-dUis4KJIcMmR8ub0ubGsaquEZkTTQ4GXIkMC2kBoYY1ZFSFosSCNy4HgIblSqhaHJOLrbeP4WvENOilTxbb1nQYxqS5KvJScaXkGuVb1MaQUsRG99Ev1xE0ML0pq7dl9bqs_i2rN6fznX-sl-j-L38pxQ-pt3Vo</recordid><startdate>20240101</startdate><enddate>20240101</enddate><creator>Takase, Hiroyuki</creator><creator>Kawakatsu, Naomi</creator><creator>Hayashi, Kazusa</creator><creator>Kin, Fumihiko</creator><creator>Isogaki, Takeru</creator><creator>Dohi, Yasuaki</creator><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20240101</creationdate><title>Urinary Na/K ratio is a predictor of developing chronic kidney disease in the general population</title><author>Takase, Hiroyuki ; Kawakatsu, Naomi ; Hayashi, Kazusa ; Kin, Fumihiko ; Isogaki, Takeru ; Dohi, Yasuaki</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c303t-ef5ec2f7c5ad09bbee0d3f51a1d7e0e64c1e1b15eca89e37e62fd5111f05838b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Disease Progression</topic><topic>Glomerular Filtration Rate</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Kidney</topic><topic>Kidney Failure, Chronic</topic><topic>Renal Insufficiency, Chronic</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Sodium - urine</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Takase, Hiroyuki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kawakatsu, Naomi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hayashi, Kazusa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kin, Fumihiko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Isogaki, Takeru</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dohi, Yasuaki</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Hypertension research</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Takase, Hiroyuki</au><au>Kawakatsu, Naomi</au><au>Hayashi, Kazusa</au><au>Kin, Fumihiko</au><au>Isogaki, Takeru</au><au>Dohi, Yasuaki</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Urinary Na/K ratio is a predictor of developing chronic kidney disease in the general population</atitle><jtitle>Hypertension research</jtitle><addtitle>Hypertens Res</addtitle><date>2024-01-01</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>47</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>225</spage><epage>232</epage><pages>225-232</pages><issn>0916-9636</issn><issn>1348-4214</issn><eissn>1348-4214</eissn><abstract>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases as well as end-stage kidney disease. Increased dietary sodium (Na) or decreased dietary potassium (K) deteriorates kidney function; however, findings regarding the association of dietary Na/K ratio with kidney function are limited and conflicting. Therefore, the present study investigated the impact of urinary Na/K ratio on the development of CKD, defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min/1.73 m
, in the Japanese general population. In total, 14,549 subjects without CKD who participated in our medical checkup were enrolled. The urinary Na/K ratio was measured using a sample of overnight urine. The subjects were followed up until the endpoint (onset of CKD). During the median follow-up period of 61.4 months, CKD developed in 2096 participants (25.9 per 1000 person-years). The risk of developing CKD increased across the quartiles of baseline urinary Na/K ratio in the Kaplan-Meier analysis (log-rank, P < 0.001). In multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, urinary Na/K ratio was a significant predictor of new-onset CKD after adjustment for important factors including eGFR at baseline (hazard ratio, 2.013; 95% confidence interval, 1.658-2.445; p < 0.001). Moreover, baseline urinary Na/K ratio was found to be independently correlated with yearly decline in eGFR. Similar results were obtained in subgroups of participants with and without hypertension. Thus, urinary Na/K ratio is significantly associated with the development of CKD in the general population.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pmid>37714952</pmid><doi>10.1038/s41440-023-01399-4</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Disease Progression Glomerular Filtration Rate Humans Kidney Kidney Failure, Chronic Renal Insufficiency, Chronic Risk Factors Sodium - urine |
| title | Urinary Na/K ratio is a predictor of developing chronic kidney disease in the general population |
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