Risks of obstructive genitourinary birth defects in relation to trihalomethane and haloacetic acid exposures: expanding disinfection byproduct mixtures analyses using relative potency factors
Background Some disinfection byproducts (DBPs) are teratogens based on toxicological evidence. Conventional use of predominant DBPs as proxies for complex mixtures may result in decreased ability to detect associations in epidemiological studies. Objective We assessed risks of obstructive genitourin...
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creator | Kaufman, John A. Wright, J. Michael Evans, Amanda Rivera-Núñez, Zorimar Meyer, Amy Reckhow, David A. Narotsky, Michael G. |
description | Background
Some disinfection byproducts (DBPs) are teratogens based on toxicological evidence. Conventional use of predominant DBPs as proxies for complex mixtures may result in decreased ability to detect associations in epidemiological studies.
Objective
We assessed risks of obstructive genitourinary birth defects (OGDs) in relation to 12 DBP mixtures and 13 individual component DBPs.
Methods
We designed a nested registry-based case-control study (210 OGD cases; 2100 controls) in Massachusetts towns with complete quarterly 1999–2004 data on four trihalomethanes (THMs) and five haloacetic acids (HAAs). We estimated temporally-weighted average DBP exposures for the first trimester of pregnancy. We estimated adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for OGD in relation to individual DBPs, unweighted mixtures, and weighted mixtures based on THM/HAA relative potency factors (RPF) from animal toxicology data for full-litter resorption, eye defects, and neural tube defects.
Results
We detected elevated aORs for OGDs for the highest of bromodichloromethane (aOR = 1.75; 95% CI: 1.15–2.65), dibromochloromethane (aOR = 1.71; 95% CI: 1.15–2.54), bromodichloroacetic acid (aOR = 1.56; 95%CI: 0.97–2.51), chlorodibromoacetic acid (aOR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.23–3.15), and tribromoacetic acid (aOR = 1.90; 95%CI: 1.20–3.03). Across unweighted mixture sums, the highest aORs were for the sum of three brominated THMs (aOR = 1.74; 95% CI: 1.15–2.64), the sum of six brominated HAAs (aOR = 1.43; 95% CI: 0.89–2.31), and the sum of nine brominated DBPs (aOR = 1.80; 95% CI: 1.05–3.10). Comparing eight RPF-weighted to unweighted mixtures, the largest aOR differences were for two HAA metrics, which both were higher with RPF weighting; other metrics had reduced or minimally changed ORs in RPF-weighted models. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1038/s41370-023-00595-1 |
format | Article |
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Some disinfection byproducts (DBPs) are teratogens based on toxicological evidence. Conventional use of predominant DBPs as proxies for complex mixtures may result in decreased ability to detect associations in epidemiological studies.
Objective
We assessed risks of obstructive genitourinary birth defects (OGDs) in relation to 12 DBP mixtures and 13 individual component DBPs.
Methods
We designed a nested registry-based case-control study (210 OGD cases; 2100 controls) in Massachusetts towns with complete quarterly 1999–2004 data on four trihalomethanes (THMs) and five haloacetic acids (HAAs). We estimated temporally-weighted average DBP exposures for the first trimester of pregnancy. We estimated adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for OGD in relation to individual DBPs, unweighted mixtures, and weighted mixtures based on THM/HAA relative potency factors (RPF) from animal toxicology data for full-litter resorption, eye defects, and neural tube defects.
Results
We detected elevated aORs for OGDs for the highest of bromodichloromethane (aOR = 1.75; 95% CI: 1.15–2.65), dibromochloromethane (aOR = 1.71; 95% CI: 1.15–2.54), bromodichloroacetic acid (aOR = 1.56; 95%CI: 0.97–2.51), chlorodibromoacetic acid (aOR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.23–3.15), and tribromoacetic acid (aOR = 1.90; 95%CI: 1.20–3.03). Across unweighted mixture sums, the highest aORs were for the sum of three brominated THMs (aOR = 1.74; 95% CI: 1.15–2.64), the sum of six brominated HAAs (aOR = 1.43; 95% CI: 0.89–2.31), and the sum of nine brominated DBPs (aOR = 1.80; 95% CI: 1.05–3.10). Comparing eight RPF-weighted to unweighted mixtures, the largest aOR differences were for two HAA metrics, which both were higher with RPF weighting; other metrics had reduced or minimally changed ORs in RPF-weighted models.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1559-0631</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1559-064X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/s41370-023-00595-1</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37700034</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Nature Publishing Group US</publisher><subject>Acids ; Animals ; Birth defects ; Bromination ; Bromodichloromethane ; Byproducts ; Case-Control Studies ; Congenital defects ; Disinfectants - adverse effects ; Disinfection ; Disinfection & disinfectants ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Haloacetic acids ; Human exposure ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Mixtures ; Neural tube defects ; Pregnancy ; Risk assessment ; Teratogens ; Toxicology ; Trihalomethanes ; Trihalomethanes - toxicity</subject><ispartof>Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology, 2024-01, Vol.34 (1), p.34-46</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc. 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</rights><rights>2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-dc075fe4b5aea276ec662e48a2a59f29a45cd8aaa56563cc2baa6057d579d1ed3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-dc075fe4b5aea276ec662e48a2a59f29a45cd8aaa56563cc2baa6057d579d1ed3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-4043-3180</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37700034$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kaufman, John A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wright, J. Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Evans, Amanda</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rivera-Núñez, Zorimar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meyer, Amy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reckhow, David A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Narotsky, Michael G.</creatorcontrib><title>Risks of obstructive genitourinary birth defects in relation to trihalomethane and haloacetic acid exposures: expanding disinfection byproduct mixtures analyses using relative potency factors</title><title>Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology</title><addtitle>J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol</addtitle><addtitle>J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol</addtitle><description>Background
Some disinfection byproducts (DBPs) are teratogens based on toxicological evidence. Conventional use of predominant DBPs as proxies for complex mixtures may result in decreased ability to detect associations in epidemiological studies.
Objective
We assessed risks of obstructive genitourinary birth defects (OGDs) in relation to 12 DBP mixtures and 13 individual component DBPs.
Methods
We designed a nested registry-based case-control study (210 OGD cases; 2100 controls) in Massachusetts towns with complete quarterly 1999–2004 data on four trihalomethanes (THMs) and five haloacetic acids (HAAs). We estimated temporally-weighted average DBP exposures for the first trimester of pregnancy. We estimated adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for OGD in relation to individual DBPs, unweighted mixtures, and weighted mixtures based on THM/HAA relative potency factors (RPF) from animal toxicology data for full-litter resorption, eye defects, and neural tube defects.
Results
We detected elevated aORs for OGDs for the highest of bromodichloromethane (aOR = 1.75; 95% CI: 1.15–2.65), dibromochloromethane (aOR = 1.71; 95% CI: 1.15–2.54), bromodichloroacetic acid (aOR = 1.56; 95%CI: 0.97–2.51), chlorodibromoacetic acid (aOR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.23–3.15), and tribromoacetic acid (aOR = 1.90; 95%CI: 1.20–3.03). Across unweighted mixture sums, the highest aORs were for the sum of three brominated THMs (aOR = 1.74; 95% CI: 1.15–2.64), the sum of six brominated HAAs (aOR = 1.43; 95% CI: 0.89–2.31), and the sum of nine brominated DBPs (aOR = 1.80; 95% CI: 1.05–3.10). Comparing eight RPF-weighted to unweighted mixtures, the largest aOR differences were for two HAA metrics, which both were higher with RPF weighting; other metrics had reduced or minimally changed ORs in RPF-weighted models.</description><subject>Acids</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Birth defects</subject><subject>Bromination</subject><subject>Bromodichloromethane</subject><subject>Byproducts</subject><subject>Case-Control Studies</subject><subject>Congenital defects</subject><subject>Disinfectants - adverse effects</subject><subject>Disinfection</subject><subject>Disinfection & disinfectants</subject><subject>Epidemiologic Studies</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Haloacetic acids</subject><subject>Human exposure</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Mixtures</subject><subject>Neural tube defects</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>Risk assessment</subject><subject>Teratogens</subject><subject>Toxicology</subject><subject>Trihalomethanes</subject><subject>Trihalomethanes - toxicity</subject><issn>1559-0631</issn><issn>1559-064X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kU2L1TAUhoMoznj1D7iQgBs31aRpktadDOMHDAii4K6cJqf3ZmyTa5LK3F_nXzO14wguXJ0T8pz3fLyEPOXsJWeifZUaLjSrWC0qxmQnK36PnHMpu4qp5uv9u1zwM_IopWvGmkYr9pCcCa0ZY6I5Jz8_ufQt0TDSMKQcF5PdD6R79C6HJToP8UQHF_OBWhzR5ESdpxEnyC54mgPN0R1gCjPmA3ik4C1d32AwO0PBOEvx5hjSEjG9XtNCOL-n1iXnV8VVZzgdY7ClOZ3dTV7RIgTTKZVkSSu-tSyjHUNGb050BJNDTI_JgxGmhE9u4458eXv5-eJ9dfXx3YeLN1eVEVrmyhqm5YjNIAGh1gqNUjU2LdQgu7HuoJHGtgAglVTCmHoAUExqK3VnOVqxIy823TLo9wVT7meXDE5TWTosqa9b1SjesVYX9Pk_6HU5ZVmnUJ0QpTErcUfqjTIxpBRx7I_RzeXcPWf9am-_2dsXe_vf9va8FD27lV6GGe1dyR8_CyA2IJUvv8f4t_d_ZH8BcFS3YA</recordid><startdate>20240101</startdate><enddate>20240101</enddate><creator>Kaufman, John A.</creator><creator>Wright, J. Michael</creator><creator>Evans, Amanda</creator><creator>Rivera-Núñez, Zorimar</creator><creator>Meyer, Amy</creator><creator>Reckhow, David A.</creator><creator>Narotsky, Michael G.</creator><general>Nature Publishing Group US</general><general>Nature Publishing Group</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4043-3180</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20240101</creationdate><title>Risks of obstructive genitourinary birth defects in relation to trihalomethane and haloacetic acid exposures: expanding disinfection byproduct mixtures analyses using relative potency factors</title><author>Kaufman, John A. ; Wright, J. Michael ; Evans, Amanda ; Rivera-Núñez, Zorimar ; Meyer, Amy ; Reckhow, David A. ; Narotsky, Michael G.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-dc075fe4b5aea276ec662e48a2a59f29a45cd8aaa56563cc2baa6057d579d1ed3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Acids</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Birth defects</topic><topic>Bromination</topic><topic>Bromodichloromethane</topic><topic>Byproducts</topic><topic>Case-Control Studies</topic><topic>Congenital defects</topic><topic>Disinfectants - adverse effects</topic><topic>Disinfection</topic><topic>Disinfection & disinfectants</topic><topic>Epidemiologic Studies</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Haloacetic acids</topic><topic>Human exposure</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Mixtures</topic><topic>Neural tube defects</topic><topic>Pregnancy</topic><topic>Risk assessment</topic><topic>Teratogens</topic><topic>Toxicology</topic><topic>Trihalomethanes</topic><topic>Trihalomethanes - toxicity</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kaufman, John A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wright, J. Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Evans, Amanda</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rivera-Núñez, Zorimar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meyer, Amy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reckhow, David A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Narotsky, Michael G.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kaufman, John A.</au><au>Wright, J. Michael</au><au>Evans, Amanda</au><au>Rivera-Núñez, Zorimar</au><au>Meyer, Amy</au><au>Reckhow, David A.</au><au>Narotsky, Michael G.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Risks of obstructive genitourinary birth defects in relation to trihalomethane and haloacetic acid exposures: expanding disinfection byproduct mixtures analyses using relative potency factors</atitle><jtitle>Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology</jtitle><stitle>J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol</stitle><addtitle>J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol</addtitle><date>2024-01-01</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>34</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>34</spage><epage>46</epage><pages>34-46</pages><issn>1559-0631</issn><eissn>1559-064X</eissn><abstract>Background
Some disinfection byproducts (DBPs) are teratogens based on toxicological evidence. Conventional use of predominant DBPs as proxies for complex mixtures may result in decreased ability to detect associations in epidemiological studies.
Objective
We assessed risks of obstructive genitourinary birth defects (OGDs) in relation to 12 DBP mixtures and 13 individual component DBPs.
Methods
We designed a nested registry-based case-control study (210 OGD cases; 2100 controls) in Massachusetts towns with complete quarterly 1999–2004 data on four trihalomethanes (THMs) and five haloacetic acids (HAAs). We estimated temporally-weighted average DBP exposures for the first trimester of pregnancy. We estimated adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for OGD in relation to individual DBPs, unweighted mixtures, and weighted mixtures based on THM/HAA relative potency factors (RPF) from animal toxicology data for full-litter resorption, eye defects, and neural tube defects.
Results
We detected elevated aORs for OGDs for the highest of bromodichloromethane (aOR = 1.75; 95% CI: 1.15–2.65), dibromochloromethane (aOR = 1.71; 95% CI: 1.15–2.54), bromodichloroacetic acid (aOR = 1.56; 95%CI: 0.97–2.51), chlorodibromoacetic acid (aOR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.23–3.15), and tribromoacetic acid (aOR = 1.90; 95%CI: 1.20–3.03). Across unweighted mixture sums, the highest aORs were for the sum of three brominated THMs (aOR = 1.74; 95% CI: 1.15–2.64), the sum of six brominated HAAs (aOR = 1.43; 95% CI: 0.89–2.31), and the sum of nine brominated DBPs (aOR = 1.80; 95% CI: 1.05–3.10). Comparing eight RPF-weighted to unweighted mixtures, the largest aOR differences were for two HAA metrics, which both were higher with RPF weighting; other metrics had reduced or minimally changed ORs in RPF-weighted models.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group US</pub><pmid>37700034</pmid><doi>10.1038/s41370-023-00595-1</doi><tpages>13</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4043-3180</orcidid></addata></record> |
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subjects | Acids Animals Birth defects Bromination Bromodichloromethane Byproducts Case-Control Studies Congenital defects Disinfectants - adverse effects Disinfection Disinfection & disinfectants Epidemiologic Studies Epidemiology Female Haloacetic acids Human exposure Medicine Medicine & Public Health Mixtures Neural tube defects Pregnancy Risk assessment Teratogens Toxicology Trihalomethanes Trihalomethanes - toxicity |
title | Risks of obstructive genitourinary birth defects in relation to trihalomethane and haloacetic acid exposures: expanding disinfection byproduct mixtures analyses using relative potency factors |
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