Engineering Escherichia coli MG1655 to Efficiently Produce 3‑Deacyl-4′-monophosphoryl Lipid A

Monophosphoryl lipid A, derived from Salmonella minnesota R595, has been used in various adjuvant formulations. Escherichia coli can produce lipid A, but its structure is different. In this study, E. coli MG1655 has been engineered to efficiently produce the monophosphoryl lipid A. First, 126 genes relevant to the biosynthesis of the fimbriae, flagella, and ECA were deleted in MG1655, resulting in WQM027. Second, the genes pldA, mlaA, and mlaC related to the phospholipid transport system, the gene ptsG related to the carbohydrate phosphotransferase system, and the gene eptA encoding phosphoethanolamine transferase for lipid A modification were further deleted from WQM027, resulting in MW020. Third, lpxE from Francisella novicida and pagP and pagL from Salmonella were overexpressed in pFT24, resulting in pTEPL. pTEPL was transformed into MW020, resulting in MW020/pTEPL. Finally, fabI encoding an enoyl-ACP reductase was deleted from the genome of MW020/pTEPL, resulting in MW021/pTEPL. MW021/pTEPL could produce 85.31 mg/L of lipid A species after 26 h of fed-batch fermentation. Mainly two monophosphoryl lipid A species were produced in MW021/pTEPL, one is 3-deacyl-2-acyloxyacyl-4′-monophosphoryl lipid A and the other is 3-deacyl-4′-monophosphoryl lipid A. E. coli MW021/pTEPL constructed in this study could be an ideal host for the industrial production of monophosphoryl lipid A.