Passive active L- and S-band (PALS) microwave sensor for ocean salinity and soil moisture measurements
A passive/active WS-band (PALS) microwave aircraft instrument to measure ocean salinity and soil moisture has been built and tested. Because the L-band brightness temperatures associated with salinity changes are expected to be small, it was necessary to build a very sensitive and stable system. Thi...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing 2001-05, Vol.39 (5), p.1039-1048 |
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| container_title | IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing |
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| creator | Wilson, W.J. Yueh, S.H. Dinardo, S.J. Chazanoff, S.L. Kitiyakara, A. Li, F.K. Rahmat-Samii, Y. |
| description | A passive/active WS-band (PALS) microwave aircraft instrument to measure ocean salinity and soil moisture has been built and tested. Because the L-band brightness temperatures associated with salinity changes are expected to be small, it was necessary to build a very sensitive and stable system. This new instrument has dual-frequency, dual polarization radiometer and radar sensors. The antenna is a high beam efficiency conical horn. The PALS instrument was installed on the NCAR C-130 aircraft and soil moisture measurements were made in support of the Southern Great Plains 1999 experiment in Oklahoma from July 8-14, 1999. Data taken before and after a rainstorm showed significant changes in the brightness temperatures, polarization ratios and radar backscatter, as a function of soil moisture. Salinity measurement missions were flown on July 17-19, 1999, southeast of Norfolk, VA, over the Gulf Stream. The measurements indicated a clear and repeatable salinity signal during these three days, which was in good agreement with the Cape Hatteras ship salinity data. Data were also taken in the open ocean and a small decrease of 0.2 K was measured in the brightness temperature, which corresponded to the salinity increase of 0.4 psu measured by the M/V Oleander vessel. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1109/36.921422 |
| format | Article |
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Because the L-band brightness temperatures associated with salinity changes are expected to be small, it was necessary to build a very sensitive and stable system. This new instrument has dual-frequency, dual polarization radiometer and radar sensors. The antenna is a high beam efficiency conical horn. The PALS instrument was installed on the NCAR C-130 aircraft and soil moisture measurements were made in support of the Southern Great Plains 1999 experiment in Oklahoma from July 8-14, 1999. Data taken before and after a rainstorm showed significant changes in the brightness temperatures, polarization ratios and radar backscatter, as a function of soil moisture. Salinity measurement missions were flown on July 17-19, 1999, southeast of Norfolk, VA, over the Gulf Stream. The measurements indicated a clear and repeatable salinity signal during these three days, which was in good agreement with the Cape Hatteras ship salinity data. Data were also taken in the open ocean and a small decrease of 0.2 K was measured in the brightness temperature, which corresponded to the salinity increase of 0.4 psu measured by the M/V Oleander vessel.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0196-2892</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1558-0644</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1109/36.921422</identifier><identifier>CODEN: IGRSD2</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York, NY: IEEE</publisher><subject>Air traffic control ; Aircraft manufacture ; Antenna measurements ; Applied geophysics ; Brightness temperature ; Construction ; Earth sciences ; Earth, ocean, space ; Exact sciences and technology ; External geophysics ; Instruments ; Internal geophysics ; Meteorological satellites ; Microwave sensors ; Moisture measurement ; Oceans ; Physical and chemical properties of sea water ; Physics of the oceans ; Polarization ; Radar ; Salinity ; Sea measurements ; Soil measurements ; Soil moisture ; Soils ; Surficial geology ; Temperature ; USA, Oklahoma ; USA, Virginia</subject><ispartof>IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing, 2001-05, Vol.39 (5), p.1039-1048</ispartof><rights>2001 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 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Because the L-band brightness temperatures associated with salinity changes are expected to be small, it was necessary to build a very sensitive and stable system. This new instrument has dual-frequency, dual polarization radiometer and radar sensors. The antenna is a high beam efficiency conical horn. The PALS instrument was installed on the NCAR C-130 aircraft and soil moisture measurements were made in support of the Southern Great Plains 1999 experiment in Oklahoma from July 8-14, 1999. Data taken before and after a rainstorm showed significant changes in the brightness temperatures, polarization ratios and radar backscatter, as a function of soil moisture. Salinity measurement missions were flown on July 17-19, 1999, southeast of Norfolk, VA, over the Gulf Stream. The measurements indicated a clear and repeatable salinity signal during these three days, which was in good agreement with the Cape Hatteras ship salinity data. Data were also taken in the open ocean and a small decrease of 0.2 K was measured in the brightness temperature, which corresponded to the salinity increase of 0.4 psu measured by the M/V Oleander vessel.</description><subject>Air traffic control</subject><subject>Aircraft manufacture</subject><subject>Antenna measurements</subject><subject>Applied geophysics</subject><subject>Brightness temperature</subject><subject>Construction</subject><subject>Earth sciences</subject><subject>Earth, ocean, space</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>External geophysics</subject><subject>Instruments</subject><subject>Internal geophysics</subject><subject>Meteorological satellites</subject><subject>Microwave sensors</subject><subject>Moisture measurement</subject><subject>Oceans</subject><subject>Physical and chemical properties of sea water</subject><subject>Physics of the oceans</subject><subject>Polarization</subject><subject>Radar</subject><subject>Salinity</subject><subject>Sea measurements</subject><subject>Soil measurements</subject><subject>Soil moisture</subject><subject>Soils</subject><subject>Surficial geology</subject><subject>Temperature</subject><subject>USA, Oklahoma</subject><subject>USA, Virginia</subject><issn>0196-2892</issn><issn>1558-0644</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2001</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RIE</sourceid><recordid>eNqN0s1LHTEQAPAgFXzVHrx6WqRUPazN5GuTo4j9gAcV1POSzc5CZD9sZp_F_94836MUD9pDmMP8ZsIkw9gh8HMA7r5Kc-4EKCF22AK0tiU3Sn1gCw7OlMI6scc-Et1zDkpDtWDdtSeKj1j4MK_Dsiz82BY3ZbMOp9cXy5uzYoghTX98ThOONKWiy2cK6MeCfB_HOD-9VNEU-2KYIs2rhMWAnnIccJzpgO12vif8tI377O7b1e3lj3L56_vPy4tl6TWouQy8rVoQnXSdQtc5w5U1QjSoRBOs9kK0nsuqdY3WgEoG0WrZaKm14VJolPvsZNP3IU2_V0hzPUQK2Pd-xGlFtbUWQHGls_zyphSOcwfg3odWq0qK_4DGOmnk-1eDlQoEmAxP34YVd5WugKtMj1_R-2mVxvzWeWZVWaeczehsg_J3EiXs6ocUB5-eauD1en1qaerN-mT7edvQU_B9l_wYIv1ToEDz9dBHGxYR8W922-MZgYLIgg</recordid><startdate>20010501</startdate><enddate>20010501</enddate><creator>Wilson, W.J.</creator><creator>Yueh, S.H.</creator><creator>Dinardo, S.J.</creator><creator>Chazanoff, S.L.</creator><creator>Kitiyakara, A.</creator><creator>Li, F.K.</creator><creator>Rahmat-Samii, Y.</creator><general>IEEE</general><general>Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers</general><general>The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 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Because the L-band brightness temperatures associated with salinity changes are expected to be small, it was necessary to build a very sensitive and stable system. This new instrument has dual-frequency, dual polarization radiometer and radar sensors. The antenna is a high beam efficiency conical horn. The PALS instrument was installed on the NCAR C-130 aircraft and soil moisture measurements were made in support of the Southern Great Plains 1999 experiment in Oklahoma from July 8-14, 1999. Data taken before and after a rainstorm showed significant changes in the brightness temperatures, polarization ratios and radar backscatter, as a function of soil moisture. Salinity measurement missions were flown on July 17-19, 1999, southeast of Norfolk, VA, over the Gulf Stream. The measurements indicated a clear and repeatable salinity signal during these three days, which was in good agreement with the Cape Hatteras ship salinity data. Data were also taken in the open ocean and a small decrease of 0.2 K was measured in the brightness temperature, which corresponded to the salinity increase of 0.4 psu measured by the M/V Oleander vessel.</abstract><cop>New York, NY</cop><pub>IEEE</pub><doi>10.1109/36.921422</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 0196-2892 |
| ispartof | IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing, 2001-05, Vol.39 (5), p.1039-1048 |
| issn | 0196-2892 1558-0644 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_28547329 |
| source | IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) |
| subjects | Air traffic control Aircraft manufacture Antenna measurements Applied geophysics Brightness temperature Construction Earth sciences Earth, ocean, space Exact sciences and technology External geophysics Instruments Internal geophysics Meteorological satellites Microwave sensors Moisture measurement Oceans Physical and chemical properties of sea water Physics of the oceans Polarization Radar Salinity Sea measurements Soil measurements Soil moisture Soils Surficial geology Temperature USA, Oklahoma USA, Virginia |
| title | Passive active L- and S-band (PALS) microwave sensor for ocean salinity and soil moisture measurements |
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