Intrapatient comparison of atopic dermatitis skin transcriptome shows differences between tape‐strips and biopsies

Background Our knowledge of etiopathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) is largely derived from skin biopsies, which are associated with pain, scarring and infection. In contrast, tape‐stripping is a minimally invasive, nonscarring technique to collect skin samples. Methods To construct a global AD s...

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Veröffentlicht in:Allergy (Copenhagen) 2024-01, Vol.79 (1), p.80-92
Hauptverfasser: Del Duca, Ester, He, Helen, Liu, Ying, Pagan, Angel D., David, Eden, Cheng, Julia, Carroll, Britta, Renert‐Yuval, Yael, Bar, Jonathan, Estrada, Yeriel D., Maari, Catherine, Proulx, Etienne Saint‐Cyr, Krueger, James G., Bissonnette, Robert, Guttman‐Yassky, Emma
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container_title Allergy (Copenhagen)
container_volume 79
creator Del Duca, Ester
He, Helen
Liu, Ying
Pagan, Angel D.
David, Eden
Cheng, Julia
Carroll, Britta
Renert‐Yuval, Yael
Bar, Jonathan
Estrada, Yeriel D.
Maari, Catherine
Proulx, Etienne Saint‐Cyr
Krueger, James G.
Bissonnette, Robert
Guttman‐Yassky, Emma
description Background Our knowledge of etiopathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) is largely derived from skin biopsies, which are associated with pain, scarring and infection. In contrast, tape‐stripping is a minimally invasive, nonscarring technique to collect skin samples. Methods To construct a global AD skin transcriptomic profile comparing tape‐strips to whole‐skin biopsies, we performed RNA‐seq on tape‐strips and biopsies taken from the lesional skin of 20 moderate‐to‐severe AD patients and the skin of 20 controls. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were defined by fold‐change (FCH) ≥2.0 and false discovery rate
doi_str_mv 10.1111/all.15845
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In contrast, tape‐stripping is a minimally invasive, nonscarring technique to collect skin samples. Methods To construct a global AD skin transcriptomic profile comparing tape‐strips to whole‐skin biopsies, we performed RNA‐seq on tape‐strips and biopsies taken from the lesional skin of 20 moderate‐to‐severe AD patients and the skin of 20 controls. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were defined by fold‐change (FCH) ≥2.0 and false discovery rate &lt;0.05. Results We detected 4104 (2513 Up; 1591 Down) and 1273 (546 Up; 727 Down) DEGs in AD versus controls, in tape‐strips and biopsies, respectively. Although both techniques captured dysregulation of key immune genes, tape‐strips showed higher FCHs for innate immunity (IL‐1B, IL‐8), dendritic cell (ITGAX/CD11C, FCER1A), Th2 (IL‐13, CCL17, TNFRSF4/OX40), and Th17 (CCL20, CXCL1) products, while biopsies showed higher upregulation of Th22 associated genes (IL‐22, S100As) and dermal cytokines (IFN‐γ, CCL26). Itch‐related genes (IL‐31, TRPV3) were preferentially captured by tape‐strips. Epidermal barrier abnormalities were detected in both techniques, with terminal differentiation defects (FLG2, PSORS1C2) better represented by tape‐strips and epidermal hyperplasia changes (KRT16, MKI67) better detected by biopsies. Conclusions Tape‐strips and biopsies capture overlapping but distinct features of the AD molecular signature, suggesting their respective utility for monitoring specific AD‐related immune, itch, and barrier abnormalities in clinical trials and longitudinal studies. This study presents a global RNA‐seq intrapatient profiling of tape‐strips and whole‐skin biopsies in moderate‐to‐severe AD as compared to healthy subjects. Although both techniques captured dysregulation of key immune genes, tape‐strips showed higher FCHs for innate immunity, dendritic cell, Th2, and Th17 products, while biopsies showed higher upregulation of Th22 associated genes and dermal cytokines. Itch‐related genes were preferentially captured by tape‐strips.Abbreviations: AD, atopic dermatitis; AKR1C3, aldo‐keto reductase family 1 member C3; ANXA, annexin; AOC1, amine oxidase copper containing 1; CAMP, cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide; CCL, C‐C motif chemokine ligand; CD, cluster of differentiation; CXCR, C‐X‐C motif chemokine receptor; CTLA4, cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte associated protein; DC, dendritic cell; DEGS2, delta 4‐desaturase, sphingolipid 2; ELOVL3, ELOVL fatty acid elongase 3; FA2H, fatty acid 2‐hydroxylase; FCER1A, Fc epsilon receptor 1A; FCH, fold chanage; FOXP3, forkhead box P3; GAL, galanin; GJPB, gap junction protein beta; GZMA, granzyme A; IL, interleukin; IL4RA, interleukin‐4 receptor alpha chain; IFNG, interferon gamma; ITG, integrin; ITK, IL‐2 inducible T cell kinase; KI67, marker of proliferation Ki‐67; KLK, kallikrein related peptidase; KRT6B, keratin 6B; LCN2, lipocalin 2; MX1, MX dynamin like GTPase 1; OASL, 2’‐5’‐oligoadenylate synthetase like; OSM, oncostatin M; PI3, peptidase inhibitor 3; OX40, TNF receptor superfamily member 4;  S100A, S100 calcium binding protein A; TRPM/V, transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M/V member; XCL2, X‐C motif chemokine ligand 2</description><identifier>ISSN: 0105-4538</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1398-9995</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1398-9995</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/all.15845</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37577841</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Denmark: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Atopic dermatitis ; biopsies ; Biopsy ; CD11c antigen ; Clinical trials ; Dendritic cells ; Dermatitis ; Eczema ; Helper cells ; Hyperplasia ; immune ; Innate immunity ; Lymphocytes T ; pruritus ; Skin ; Skin diseases ; tape‐strips ; Transcriptomes ; Transcriptomics ; Tumor necrosis factor</subject><ispartof>Allergy (Copenhagen), 2024-01, Vol.79 (1), p.80-92</ispartof><rights>2023 European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2024 John Wiley &amp; Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3885-a01111c2c2a5d60533647886e1c168f595a29d2bf3733a2bfe6c38ed8cc078a33</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3885-a01111c2c2a5d60533647886e1c168f595a29d2bf3733a2bfe6c38ed8cc078a33</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-4913-6705 ; 0000-0002-4752-4667 ; 0000-0002-2876-3048 ; 0000-0002-9363-324X ; 0000-0001-6208-0489 ; 0000-0001-7948-8536 ; 0009-0006-7909-9550 ; 0000-0002-3346-3891 ; 0000-0002-9719-0810 ; 0000-0003-4557-6436 ; 0000-0002-5172-6747 ; 0000-0001-7366-9416 ; 0000-0002-3775-1778 ; 0009-0003-0154-283X ; 0000-0001-5927-6587</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fall.15845$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fall.15845$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1416,27922,27923,45572,45573</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37577841$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Del Duca, Ester</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>He, Helen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Ying</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pagan, Angel D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>David, Eden</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cheng, Julia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carroll, Britta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Renert‐Yuval, Yael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bar, Jonathan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Estrada, Yeriel D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maari, Catherine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Proulx, Etienne Saint‐Cyr</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Krueger, James G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bissonnette, Robert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guttman‐Yassky, Emma</creatorcontrib><title>Intrapatient comparison of atopic dermatitis skin transcriptome shows differences between tape‐strips and biopsies</title><title>Allergy (Copenhagen)</title><addtitle>Allergy</addtitle><description>Background Our knowledge of etiopathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) is largely derived from skin biopsies, which are associated with pain, scarring and infection. In contrast, tape‐stripping is a minimally invasive, nonscarring technique to collect skin samples. Methods To construct a global AD skin transcriptomic profile comparing tape‐strips to whole‐skin biopsies, we performed RNA‐seq on tape‐strips and biopsies taken from the lesional skin of 20 moderate‐to‐severe AD patients and the skin of 20 controls. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were defined by fold‐change (FCH) ≥2.0 and false discovery rate &lt;0.05. Results We detected 4104 (2513 Up; 1591 Down) and 1273 (546 Up; 727 Down) DEGs in AD versus controls, in tape‐strips and biopsies, respectively. Although both techniques captured dysregulation of key immune genes, tape‐strips showed higher FCHs for innate immunity (IL‐1B, IL‐8), dendritic cell (ITGAX/CD11C, FCER1A), Th2 (IL‐13, CCL17, TNFRSF4/OX40), and Th17 (CCL20, CXCL1) products, while biopsies showed higher upregulation of Th22 associated genes (IL‐22, S100As) and dermal cytokines (IFN‐γ, CCL26). Itch‐related genes (IL‐31, TRPV3) were preferentially captured by tape‐strips. Epidermal barrier abnormalities were detected in both techniques, with terminal differentiation defects (FLG2, PSORS1C2) better represented by tape‐strips and epidermal hyperplasia changes (KRT16, MKI67) better detected by biopsies. Conclusions Tape‐strips and biopsies capture overlapping but distinct features of the AD molecular signature, suggesting their respective utility for monitoring specific AD‐related immune, itch, and barrier abnormalities in clinical trials and longitudinal studies. This study presents a global RNA‐seq intrapatient profiling of tape‐strips and whole‐skin biopsies in moderate‐to‐severe AD as compared to healthy subjects. Although both techniques captured dysregulation of key immune genes, tape‐strips showed higher FCHs for innate immunity, dendritic cell, Th2, and Th17 products, while biopsies showed higher upregulation of Th22 associated genes and dermal cytokines. Itch‐related genes were preferentially captured by tape‐strips.Abbreviations: AD, atopic dermatitis; AKR1C3, aldo‐keto reductase family 1 member C3; ANXA, annexin; AOC1, amine oxidase copper containing 1; CAMP, cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide; CCL, C‐C motif chemokine ligand; CD, cluster of differentiation; CXCR, C‐X‐C motif chemokine receptor; CTLA4, cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte associated protein; DC, dendritic cell; DEGS2, delta 4‐desaturase, sphingolipid 2; ELOVL3, ELOVL fatty acid elongase 3; FA2H, fatty acid 2‐hydroxylase; FCER1A, Fc epsilon receptor 1A; FCH, fold chanage; FOXP3, forkhead box P3; GAL, galanin; GJPB, gap junction protein beta; GZMA, granzyme A; IL, interleukin; IL4RA, interleukin‐4 receptor alpha chain; IFNG, interferon gamma; ITG, integrin; ITK, IL‐2 inducible T cell kinase; KI67, marker of proliferation Ki‐67; KLK, kallikrein related peptidase; KRT6B, keratin 6B; LCN2, lipocalin 2; MX1, MX dynamin like GTPase 1; OASL, 2’‐5’‐oligoadenylate synthetase like; OSM, oncostatin M; PI3, peptidase inhibitor 3; OX40, TNF receptor superfamily member 4;  S100A, S100 calcium binding protein A; TRPM/V, transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M/V member; XCL2, X‐C motif chemokine ligand 2</description><subject>Atopic dermatitis</subject><subject>biopsies</subject><subject>Biopsy</subject><subject>CD11c antigen</subject><subject>Clinical trials</subject><subject>Dendritic cells</subject><subject>Dermatitis</subject><subject>Eczema</subject><subject>Helper cells</subject><subject>Hyperplasia</subject><subject>immune</subject><subject>Innate immunity</subject><subject>Lymphocytes T</subject><subject>pruritus</subject><subject>Skin</subject><subject>Skin diseases</subject><subject>tape‐strips</subject><subject>Transcriptomes</subject><subject>Transcriptomics</subject><subject>Tumor necrosis factor</subject><issn>0105-4538</issn><issn>1398-9995</issn><issn>1398-9995</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp10b1OHDEQB3ArAoULpOAFIks0SbGcvV6vvSVC4UM6iSbUls87qxh27Y3HpxMdj8Az5kkwuQtFpLiZwj__NZ4h5JSzc17O0o7jOZe6kR_IgotOV13XyQOyYJzJqpFCH5FPiA-MMVV37CM5EkoqpRu-IPk25GRnmz2ETF2cZps8xkDjQG2Os3e0hzSV--yR4qMPtPiALvk5xwko_oxbpL0fBkgQHCBdQ94CFGdn-P38grlQpDb0dO3jjB7whBwOdkT4vK_H5P7q-4_Lm2p1d317ebGqnNBaVpa9_c7Vrrayb5kUom2U1i1wx1s9yE7auuvr9SCUELZUaMtD6LVzTGkrxDH5usudU_y1Acxm8uhgHG2AuEFTa8kUV7yuCz37hz7ETQqlO1NGphlrm1YX9W2nXIqICQYzJz_Z9GQ4M2_NmrIK82cVxX7ZJ27WE_Tv8u_sC1juwNaP8PT_JHOxWu0iXwE6jpVO</recordid><startdate>202401</startdate><enddate>202401</enddate><creator>Del Duca, Ester</creator><creator>He, Helen</creator><creator>Liu, Ying</creator><creator>Pagan, Angel D.</creator><creator>David, Eden</creator><creator>Cheng, Julia</creator><creator>Carroll, Britta</creator><creator>Renert‐Yuval, Yael</creator><creator>Bar, Jonathan</creator><creator>Estrada, Yeriel D.</creator><creator>Maari, Catherine</creator><creator>Proulx, Etienne Saint‐Cyr</creator><creator>Krueger, James G.</creator><creator>Bissonnette, Robert</creator><creator>Guttman‐Yassky, Emma</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4913-6705</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4752-4667</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2876-3048</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9363-324X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6208-0489</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7948-8536</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7909-9550</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3346-3891</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9719-0810</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4557-6436</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5172-6747</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7366-9416</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3775-1778</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0154-283X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5927-6587</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202401</creationdate><title>Intrapatient comparison of atopic dermatitis skin transcriptome shows differences between tape‐strips and biopsies</title><author>Del Duca, Ester ; He, Helen ; Liu, Ying ; Pagan, Angel D. ; David, Eden ; Cheng, Julia ; Carroll, Britta ; Renert‐Yuval, Yael ; Bar, Jonathan ; Estrada, Yeriel D. ; Maari, Catherine ; Proulx, Etienne Saint‐Cyr ; Krueger, James G. ; Bissonnette, Robert ; Guttman‐Yassky, Emma</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3885-a01111c2c2a5d60533647886e1c168f595a29d2bf3733a2bfe6c38ed8cc078a33</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Atopic dermatitis</topic><topic>biopsies</topic><topic>Biopsy</topic><topic>CD11c antigen</topic><topic>Clinical trials</topic><topic>Dendritic cells</topic><topic>Dermatitis</topic><topic>Eczema</topic><topic>Helper cells</topic><topic>Hyperplasia</topic><topic>immune</topic><topic>Innate immunity</topic><topic>Lymphocytes T</topic><topic>pruritus</topic><topic>Skin</topic><topic>Skin diseases</topic><topic>tape‐strips</topic><topic>Transcriptomes</topic><topic>Transcriptomics</topic><topic>Tumor necrosis factor</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Del Duca, Ester</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>He, Helen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Ying</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pagan, Angel D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>David, Eden</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cheng, Julia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carroll, Britta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Renert‐Yuval, Yael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bar, Jonathan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Estrada, Yeriel D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maari, Catherine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Proulx, Etienne Saint‐Cyr</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Krueger, James G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bissonnette, Robert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guttman‐Yassky, Emma</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health &amp; Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Allergy (Copenhagen)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Del Duca, Ester</au><au>He, Helen</au><au>Liu, Ying</au><au>Pagan, Angel D.</au><au>David, Eden</au><au>Cheng, Julia</au><au>Carroll, Britta</au><au>Renert‐Yuval, Yael</au><au>Bar, Jonathan</au><au>Estrada, Yeriel D.</au><au>Maari, Catherine</au><au>Proulx, Etienne Saint‐Cyr</au><au>Krueger, James G.</au><au>Bissonnette, Robert</au><au>Guttman‐Yassky, Emma</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Intrapatient comparison of atopic dermatitis skin transcriptome shows differences between tape‐strips and biopsies</atitle><jtitle>Allergy (Copenhagen)</jtitle><addtitle>Allergy</addtitle><date>2024-01</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>79</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>80</spage><epage>92</epage><pages>80-92</pages><issn>0105-4538</issn><issn>1398-9995</issn><eissn>1398-9995</eissn><abstract>Background Our knowledge of etiopathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) is largely derived from skin biopsies, which are associated with pain, scarring and infection. In contrast, tape‐stripping is a minimally invasive, nonscarring technique to collect skin samples. Methods To construct a global AD skin transcriptomic profile comparing tape‐strips to whole‐skin biopsies, we performed RNA‐seq on tape‐strips and biopsies taken from the lesional skin of 20 moderate‐to‐severe AD patients and the skin of 20 controls. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were defined by fold‐change (FCH) ≥2.0 and false discovery rate &lt;0.05. Results We detected 4104 (2513 Up; 1591 Down) and 1273 (546 Up; 727 Down) DEGs in AD versus controls, in tape‐strips and biopsies, respectively. Although both techniques captured dysregulation of key immune genes, tape‐strips showed higher FCHs for innate immunity (IL‐1B, IL‐8), dendritic cell (ITGAX/CD11C, FCER1A), Th2 (IL‐13, CCL17, TNFRSF4/OX40), and Th17 (CCL20, CXCL1) products, while biopsies showed higher upregulation of Th22 associated genes (IL‐22, S100As) and dermal cytokines (IFN‐γ, CCL26). Itch‐related genes (IL‐31, TRPV3) were preferentially captured by tape‐strips. Epidermal barrier abnormalities were detected in both techniques, with terminal differentiation defects (FLG2, PSORS1C2) better represented by tape‐strips and epidermal hyperplasia changes (KRT16, MKI67) better detected by biopsies. Conclusions Tape‐strips and biopsies capture overlapping but distinct features of the AD molecular signature, suggesting their respective utility for monitoring specific AD‐related immune, itch, and barrier abnormalities in clinical trials and longitudinal studies. This study presents a global RNA‐seq intrapatient profiling of tape‐strips and whole‐skin biopsies in moderate‐to‐severe AD as compared to healthy subjects. Although both techniques captured dysregulation of key immune genes, tape‐strips showed higher FCHs for innate immunity, dendritic cell, Th2, and Th17 products, while biopsies showed higher upregulation of Th22 associated genes and dermal cytokines. Itch‐related genes were preferentially captured by tape‐strips.Abbreviations: AD, atopic dermatitis; AKR1C3, aldo‐keto reductase family 1 member C3; ANXA, annexin; AOC1, amine oxidase copper containing 1; CAMP, cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide; CCL, C‐C motif chemokine ligand; CD, cluster of differentiation; CXCR, C‐X‐C motif chemokine receptor; CTLA4, cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte associated protein; DC, dendritic cell; DEGS2, delta 4‐desaturase, sphingolipid 2; ELOVL3, ELOVL fatty acid elongase 3; FA2H, fatty acid 2‐hydroxylase; FCER1A, Fc epsilon receptor 1A; FCH, fold chanage; FOXP3, forkhead box P3; GAL, galanin; GJPB, gap junction protein beta; GZMA, granzyme A; IL, interleukin; IL4RA, interleukin‐4 receptor alpha chain; IFNG, interferon gamma; ITG, integrin; ITK, IL‐2 inducible T cell kinase; KI67, marker of proliferation Ki‐67; KLK, kallikrein related peptidase; KRT6B, keratin 6B; LCN2, lipocalin 2; MX1, MX dynamin like GTPase 1; OASL, 2’‐5’‐oligoadenylate synthetase like; OSM, oncostatin M; PI3, peptidase inhibitor 3; OX40, TNF receptor superfamily member 4;  S100A, S100 calcium binding protein A; TRPM/V, transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M/V member; XCL2, X‐C motif chemokine ligand 2</abstract><cop>Denmark</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>37577841</pmid><doi>10.1111/all.15845</doi><tpages>13</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4913-6705</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4752-4667</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2876-3048</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9363-324X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6208-0489</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7948-8536</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7909-9550</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3346-3891</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9719-0810</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4557-6436</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5172-6747</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7366-9416</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3775-1778</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0154-283X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5927-6587</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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ispartof Allergy (Copenhagen), 2024-01, Vol.79 (1), p.80-92
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1398-9995
1398-9995
language eng
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source Wiley-Blackwell Journals
subjects Atopic dermatitis
biopsies
Biopsy
CD11c antigen
Clinical trials
Dendritic cells
Dermatitis
Eczema
Helper cells
Hyperplasia
immune
Innate immunity
Lymphocytes T
pruritus
Skin
Skin diseases
tape‐strips
Transcriptomes
Transcriptomics
Tumor necrosis factor
title Intrapatient comparison of atopic dermatitis skin transcriptome shows differences between tape‐strips and biopsies
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