Sexual orientation and mental health in a US cohort of children: a longitudinal mediation study
Background Sexual minorities, including children, are at increased risk for adverse mental health outcomes compared to their heterosexual peers, but longitudinal studies are needed to determine the factors that explain the associations between sexual minority identification and adverse mental health...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of child psychology and psychiatry 2024-02, Vol.65 (2), p.188-198 |
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| container_title | Journal of child psychology and psychiatry |
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| creator | Feinstein, Brian A. Star, Arjan Dorrell, Kate D. Blashill, Aaron J. |
| description | Background
Sexual minorities, including children, are at increased risk for adverse mental health outcomes compared to their heterosexual peers, but longitudinal studies are needed to determine the factors that explain the associations between sexual minority identification and adverse mental health outcomes during this developmental period. We examined longitudinal associations between sexual orientation and mental health over 2 years in a US cohort of children (aged 9–10 at baseline) and two explanatory factors (increased social problems such as getting teased and decreased perceived school safety). We hypothesized that beginning to identify as gay/bisexual and consistently identifying as gay/bisexual would be associated with increases in internalizing (e.g. depression, anxiety) and externalizing (e.g. aggression) problems compared to consistently identifying as heterosexual, and these associations would be partially explained by increased social problems and decreased perceived school safety.
Methods
We used data from Waves 1–3 of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study. The analytic sample included 5,574 children (46.0% female; 55.1% non‐Hispanic White).
Results
Beginning to identify as gay/bisexual was associated with increased internalizing/externalizing problems, and consistently identifying as gay/bisexual was associated with increased internalizing problems, compared to consistently identifying as heterosexual. For those who consistently identified as gay/bisexual, increased disparities in internalizing problems were partially explained by increased social problems and decreased perceived school safety, and increased disparities in externalizing problems were partially explained by increased social problems.
Conclusions
These findings suggest the health disparities affecting sexual minority children include both internalizing and externalizing problems, and social problems and feeling unsafe at school may be contributing factors. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/jcpp.13873 |
| format | Article |
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Sexual minorities, including children, are at increased risk for adverse mental health outcomes compared to their heterosexual peers, but longitudinal studies are needed to determine the factors that explain the associations between sexual minority identification and adverse mental health outcomes during this developmental period. We examined longitudinal associations between sexual orientation and mental health over 2 years in a US cohort of children (aged 9–10 at baseline) and two explanatory factors (increased social problems such as getting teased and decreased perceived school safety). We hypothesized that beginning to identify as gay/bisexual and consistently identifying as gay/bisexual would be associated with increases in internalizing (e.g. depression, anxiety) and externalizing (e.g. aggression) problems compared to consistently identifying as heterosexual, and these associations would be partially explained by increased social problems and decreased perceived school safety.
Methods
We used data from Waves 1–3 of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study. The analytic sample included 5,574 children (46.0% female; 55.1% non‐Hispanic White).
Results
Beginning to identify as gay/bisexual was associated with increased internalizing/externalizing problems, and consistently identifying as gay/bisexual was associated with increased internalizing problems, compared to consistently identifying as heterosexual. For those who consistently identified as gay/bisexual, increased disparities in internalizing problems were partially explained by increased social problems and decreased perceived school safety, and increased disparities in externalizing problems were partially explained by increased social problems.
Conclusions
These findings suggest the health disparities affecting sexual minority children include both internalizing and externalizing problems, and social problems and feeling unsafe at school may be contributing factors.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0021-9630</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1469-7610</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13873</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37565595</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Bisexuality ; Child ; Children ; Cognitive development ; externalizing ; Externalizing problems ; Female ; Health disparities ; Health status ; Heterosexuality ; Heterosexuality - psychology ; Homosexuality ; Humans ; Internalization ; internalizing ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Mental Health ; Minority & ethnic groups ; Minority groups ; Safety ; School safety ; Sexual and Gender Minorities ; Sexual Behavior ; sexual minority ; Sexual orientation ; Social problems ; Unsafe</subject><ispartof>Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, 2024-02, Vol.65 (2), p.188-198</ispartof><rights>2023 Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2024 Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3163-749656e4ca677cdd57b81b5d2501b406c3895361be6aaba6a956f175cfa6008c3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-1360-9320</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fjcpp.13873$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fjcpp.13873$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,27924,27925,30999,45574,45575</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37565595$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Feinstein, Brian A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Star, Arjan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dorrell, Kate D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Blashill, Aaron J.</creatorcontrib><title>Sexual orientation and mental health in a US cohort of children: a longitudinal mediation study</title><title>Journal of child psychology and psychiatry</title><addtitle>J Child Psychol Psychiatry</addtitle><description>Background
Sexual minorities, including children, are at increased risk for adverse mental health outcomes compared to their heterosexual peers, but longitudinal studies are needed to determine the factors that explain the associations between sexual minority identification and adverse mental health outcomes during this developmental period. We examined longitudinal associations between sexual orientation and mental health over 2 years in a US cohort of children (aged 9–10 at baseline) and two explanatory factors (increased social problems such as getting teased and decreased perceived school safety). We hypothesized that beginning to identify as gay/bisexual and consistently identifying as gay/bisexual would be associated with increases in internalizing (e.g. depression, anxiety) and externalizing (e.g. aggression) problems compared to consistently identifying as heterosexual, and these associations would be partially explained by increased social problems and decreased perceived school safety.
Methods
We used data from Waves 1–3 of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study. The analytic sample included 5,574 children (46.0% female; 55.1% non‐Hispanic White).
Results
Beginning to identify as gay/bisexual was associated with increased internalizing/externalizing problems, and consistently identifying as gay/bisexual was associated with increased internalizing problems, compared to consistently identifying as heterosexual. For those who consistently identified as gay/bisexual, increased disparities in internalizing problems were partially explained by increased social problems and decreased perceived school safety, and increased disparities in externalizing problems were partially explained by increased social problems.
Conclusions
These findings suggest the health disparities affecting sexual minority children include both internalizing and externalizing problems, and social problems and feeling unsafe at school may be contributing factors.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Bisexuality</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Cognitive development</subject><subject>externalizing</subject><subject>Externalizing problems</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Health disparities</subject><subject>Health status</subject><subject>Heterosexuality</subject><subject>Heterosexuality - psychology</subject><subject>Homosexuality</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Internalization</subject><subject>internalizing</subject><subject>Longitudinal Studies</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mental Health</subject><subject>Minority & ethnic groups</subject><subject>Minority groups</subject><subject>Safety</subject><subject>School safety</subject><subject>Sexual and Gender Minorities</subject><subject>Sexual Behavior</subject><subject>sexual minority</subject><subject>Sexual orientation</subject><subject>Social problems</subject><subject>Unsafe</subject><issn>0021-9630</issn><issn>1469-7610</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kE9PwyAcQInRuDm9-AEMiRdjUoVRoPVmFv9miUvmzoRSallYmdBG9-1ldnrwIBfCj8cLeQCcYnSF47peqvX6CpOMkz0wxCnLE84w2gdDhMY4yRlBA3AUwhIhxAjNDsGAcMoozekQiLn-7KSFzhvdtLI1roGyKeFqe7Kw1tK2NTRxCBdzqFztfAtdBVVtbOl1cxMvrGveTNuVpokvVro0vSbE0eYYHFTSBn2y20dgcX_3OnlMpi8PT5PbaaIIZiThac4o06mSjHNVlpQXGS5oOaYIFyliimQ5JQwXmklZSCZzyirMqaokQyhTZAQueu_au_dOh1asTFDaWtlo1wUxzigiKE9xGtHzP-jSdT7-PVI5pohzzmikLntKeReC15VYe7OSfiMwEtvsYptdfGeP8NlO2RUxwC_60zkCuAc-jNWbf1TieTKb9dIv1LaMWw</recordid><startdate>202402</startdate><enddate>202402</enddate><creator>Feinstein, Brian A.</creator><creator>Star, Arjan</creator><creator>Dorrell, Kate D.</creator><creator>Blashill, Aaron J.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1360-9320</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202402</creationdate><title>Sexual orientation and mental health in a US cohort of children: a longitudinal mediation study</title><author>Feinstein, Brian A. ; Star, Arjan ; Dorrell, Kate D. ; Blashill, Aaron J.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3163-749656e4ca677cdd57b81b5d2501b406c3895361be6aaba6a956f175cfa6008c3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Bisexuality</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Children</topic><topic>Cognitive development</topic><topic>externalizing</topic><topic>Externalizing problems</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Health disparities</topic><topic>Health status</topic><topic>Heterosexuality</topic><topic>Heterosexuality - psychology</topic><topic>Homosexuality</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Internalization</topic><topic>internalizing</topic><topic>Longitudinal Studies</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Mental Health</topic><topic>Minority & ethnic groups</topic><topic>Minority groups</topic><topic>Safety</topic><topic>School safety</topic><topic>Sexual and Gender Minorities</topic><topic>Sexual Behavior</topic><topic>sexual minority</topic><topic>Sexual orientation</topic><topic>Social problems</topic><topic>Unsafe</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Feinstein, Brian A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Star, Arjan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dorrell, Kate D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Blashill, Aaron J.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of child psychology and psychiatry</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Feinstein, Brian A.</au><au>Star, Arjan</au><au>Dorrell, Kate D.</au><au>Blashill, Aaron J.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Sexual orientation and mental health in a US cohort of children: a longitudinal mediation study</atitle><jtitle>Journal of child psychology and psychiatry</jtitle><addtitle>J Child Psychol Psychiatry</addtitle><date>2024-02</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>65</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>188</spage><epage>198</epage><pages>188-198</pages><issn>0021-9630</issn><eissn>1469-7610</eissn><abstract>Background
Sexual minorities, including children, are at increased risk for adverse mental health outcomes compared to their heterosexual peers, but longitudinal studies are needed to determine the factors that explain the associations between sexual minority identification and adverse mental health outcomes during this developmental period. We examined longitudinal associations between sexual orientation and mental health over 2 years in a US cohort of children (aged 9–10 at baseline) and two explanatory factors (increased social problems such as getting teased and decreased perceived school safety). We hypothesized that beginning to identify as gay/bisexual and consistently identifying as gay/bisexual would be associated with increases in internalizing (e.g. depression, anxiety) and externalizing (e.g. aggression) problems compared to consistently identifying as heterosexual, and these associations would be partially explained by increased social problems and decreased perceived school safety.
Methods
We used data from Waves 1–3 of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study. The analytic sample included 5,574 children (46.0% female; 55.1% non‐Hispanic White).
Results
Beginning to identify as gay/bisexual was associated with increased internalizing/externalizing problems, and consistently identifying as gay/bisexual was associated with increased internalizing problems, compared to consistently identifying as heterosexual. For those who consistently identified as gay/bisexual, increased disparities in internalizing problems were partially explained by increased social problems and decreased perceived school safety, and increased disparities in externalizing problems were partially explained by increased social problems.
Conclusions
These findings suggest the health disparities affecting sexual minority children include both internalizing and externalizing problems, and social problems and feeling unsafe at school may be contributing factors.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>37565595</pmid><doi>10.1111/jcpp.13873</doi><tpages>198</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1360-9320</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, 2024-02, Vol.65 (2), p.188-198 |
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| source | MEDLINE; Access via Wiley Online Library; Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA) |
| subjects | Adolescent Bisexuality Child Children Cognitive development externalizing Externalizing problems Female Health disparities Health status Heterosexuality Heterosexuality - psychology Homosexuality Humans Internalization internalizing Longitudinal Studies Male Mental Health Minority & ethnic groups Minority groups Safety School safety Sexual and Gender Minorities Sexual Behavior sexual minority Sexual orientation Social problems Unsafe |
| title | Sexual orientation and mental health in a US cohort of children: a longitudinal mediation study |
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