Exploring the vertical transport of microplastics in subsurface environments: Lab-scale experiments and field evidence

Microplastics (MPs) defined as smaller 5 mm plastic particles have received increasing attention due to their global occurrence and potential toxicity. This study investigated the effects of environmental factors (rainfall intensity, 13 and 29 mm/h) and MP characteristics (morphology (fiber, flake,...

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Veröffentlicht in:Journal of contaminant hydrology 2023-07, Vol.257, p.104215-104215, Article 104215
Hauptverfasser: Park, Saerom, Kim, Ilho, Jeon, Woo-Hyun, Moon, Hee Sun
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container_title Journal of contaminant hydrology
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creator Park, Saerom
Kim, Ilho
Jeon, Woo-Hyun
Moon, Hee Sun
description Microplastics (MPs) defined as smaller 5 mm plastic particles have received increasing attention due to their global occurrence and potential toxicity. This study investigated the effects of environmental factors (rainfall intensity, 13 and 29 mm/h) and MP characteristics (morphology (fiber, flake, and film), polymer type (polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polystyrene (PS)) and size (100–300, 300–500, and 500–1000 μm)) on the vertical transport of MP in unsaturated soil conditions using lab-scale column experiments. Additionally, the occurrence and characteristics of MP detected in soil/sediment (total 13 samples) and groundwater samples (total 6 samples) were explored in the field study. Laboratory-scale column experiments revealed that heavy rainfall intensity (29 mm/h) increased the degree of MP vertical transport in unsaturated soil conditions and MP fibers showed the greatest vertical mobility among the various morphologies of MPs assessed. For the polymer type and size, the lighter PP polymer or the larger size of MP (500–1000 μm) showed higher mobility. In the field study, a statistical difference in MP abundance was observed depending on the population density and degree of urban development in both soil and groundwater samples. Comparing to the two different types of environmental media samples obtained from the same site, there was a significant difference in the composition of polymer types present while statistically no difference in MP abundance was observed between the two media samples (i.e., soil or sediment and groundwater). In addition, MP fibers and polyethylene (PE) were predominantly detected in our two study areas. These results suggest that various types of MP can pass through the unsaturated zone by water infiltration, even if it takes a long time to reach groundwater. Overall, we found that the degree of vertical transport of the MPs was highly sensitive to environmental conditions and MP characteristics. [Display omitted] •Increasing rainfall intensity accelerated the microplastics (MP) vertical transport•Fiber and polypyrene MP showed the greatest vertical transport among the MP tested•Greater MP vertical mobility was observed with greater MP size•No statistical difference MP abundance was observed between soil and groundwater•Fiber and polyethylene MPs were predominantly found in soil and groundwater
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2023.104215
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This study investigated the effects of environmental factors (rainfall intensity, 13 and 29 mm/h) and MP characteristics (morphology (fiber, flake, and film), polymer type (polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polystyrene (PS)) and size (100–300, 300–500, and 500–1000 μm)) on the vertical transport of MP in unsaturated soil conditions using lab-scale column experiments. Additionally, the occurrence and characteristics of MP detected in soil/sediment (total 13 samples) and groundwater samples (total 6 samples) were explored in the field study. Laboratory-scale column experiments revealed that heavy rainfall intensity (29 mm/h) increased the degree of MP vertical transport in unsaturated soil conditions and MP fibers showed the greatest vertical mobility among the various morphologies of MPs assessed. For the polymer type and size, the lighter PP polymer or the larger size of MP (500–1000 μm) showed higher mobility. In the field study, a statistical difference in MP abundance was observed depending on the population density and degree of urban development in both soil and groundwater samples. Comparing to the two different types of environmental media samples obtained from the same site, there was a significant difference in the composition of polymer types present while statistically no difference in MP abundance was observed between the two media samples (i.e., soil or sediment and groundwater). In addition, MP fibers and polyethylene (PE) were predominantly detected in our two study areas. These results suggest that various types of MP can pass through the unsaturated zone by water infiltration, even if it takes a long time to reach groundwater. Overall, we found that the degree of vertical transport of the MPs was highly sensitive to environmental conditions and MP characteristics. [Display omitted] •Increasing rainfall intensity accelerated the microplastics (MP) vertical transport•Fiber and polypyrene MP showed the greatest vertical transport among the MP tested•Greater MP vertical mobility was observed with greater MP size•No statistical difference MP abundance was observed between soil and groundwater•Fiber and polyethylene MPs were predominantly found in soil and groundwater</description><identifier>ISSN: 0169-7722</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-6009</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2023.104215</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37348415</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Netherlands: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Environmental Monitoring ; Groundwater ; Microplastics ; Morphology ; Plastics ; polyethylene ; polyethylene terephthalates ; Polymer type ; polypropylenes ; Polypropylenes - analysis ; polystyrenes ; population density ; rain intensity ; Rainfall ; sediments ; Size ; Soil ; toxicity ; Unsaturated soil ; urban development ; Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis</subject><ispartof>Journal of contaminant hydrology, 2023-07, Vol.257, p.104215-104215, Article 104215</ispartof><rights>2023</rights><rights>Copyright © 2023. 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This study investigated the effects of environmental factors (rainfall intensity, 13 and 29 mm/h) and MP characteristics (morphology (fiber, flake, and film), polymer type (polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polystyrene (PS)) and size (100–300, 300–500, and 500–1000 μm)) on the vertical transport of MP in unsaturated soil conditions using lab-scale column experiments. Additionally, the occurrence and characteristics of MP detected in soil/sediment (total 13 samples) and groundwater samples (total 6 samples) were explored in the field study. Laboratory-scale column experiments revealed that heavy rainfall intensity (29 mm/h) increased the degree of MP vertical transport in unsaturated soil conditions and MP fibers showed the greatest vertical mobility among the various morphologies of MPs assessed. For the polymer type and size, the lighter PP polymer or the larger size of MP (500–1000 μm) showed higher mobility. In the field study, a statistical difference in MP abundance was observed depending on the population density and degree of urban development in both soil and groundwater samples. Comparing to the two different types of environmental media samples obtained from the same site, there was a significant difference in the composition of polymer types present while statistically no difference in MP abundance was observed between the two media samples (i.e., soil or sediment and groundwater). In addition, MP fibers and polyethylene (PE) were predominantly detected in our two study areas. These results suggest that various types of MP can pass through the unsaturated zone by water infiltration, even if it takes a long time to reach groundwater. Overall, we found that the degree of vertical transport of the MPs was highly sensitive to environmental conditions and MP characteristics. [Display omitted] •Increasing rainfall intensity accelerated the microplastics (MP) vertical transport•Fiber and polypyrene MP showed the greatest vertical transport among the MP tested•Greater MP vertical mobility was observed with greater MP size•No statistical difference MP abundance was observed between soil and groundwater•Fiber and polyethylene MPs were predominantly found in soil and groundwater</description><subject>Environmental Monitoring</subject><subject>Groundwater</subject><subject>Microplastics</subject><subject>Morphology</subject><subject>Plastics</subject><subject>polyethylene</subject><subject>polyethylene terephthalates</subject><subject>Polymer type</subject><subject>polypropylenes</subject><subject>Polypropylenes - analysis</subject><subject>polystyrenes</subject><subject>population density</subject><subject>rain intensity</subject><subject>Rainfall</subject><subject>sediments</subject><subject>Size</subject><subject>Soil</subject><subject>toxicity</subject><subject>Unsaturated soil</subject><subject>urban development</subject><subject>Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis</subject><issn>0169-7722</issn><issn>1873-6009</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkcFvFCEYxUmjadfqn6Dh6GVWYGAAL8Y0bTXZxIueCQPfWDazMMLMpP3vy7qrVz2RPH6Pj-89hN5SsqWEdh_2271L8eHJbxlhbdU4o-ICbaiSbdMRol-gTeV0IyVjV-hVKXtCiFREXaKrVrZccSo2aL19nMaUQ_yJ5wfAK-Q5ODviOdtYppRnnAZ8CC6nabSl3hUcIi5LX5Y8WAcY4hpyigeIc_mId7ZvSvVX_XGCHH7L2EaPhwCjx7AGD9HBa_RysGOBN-fzGv24u_1-86XZfbv_evN517hWq7nxvZaM87qOYIx1UtZPE8oFg0561w9S90zxljlBuFCeOKG0E90w9NZTMpD2Gr0_vTvl9GuBMptDKA7G0UZISzHVrZWWVPP_QJnmTEgqKipOaI2llAyDmeqqNj8ZSsyxHbM353bMsR1zaqf63p1HLP0B_F_Xnzoq8OkEQM1kDZBNceGYlw8Z3Gx8Cv8Y8QzuLKQp</recordid><startdate>202307</startdate><enddate>202307</enddate><creator>Park, Saerom</creator><creator>Kim, Ilho</creator><creator>Jeon, Woo-Hyun</creator><creator>Moon, Hee Sun</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7S9</scope><scope>L.6</scope></search><sort><creationdate>202307</creationdate><title>Exploring the vertical transport of microplastics in subsurface environments: Lab-scale experiments and field evidence</title><author>Park, Saerom ; Kim, Ilho ; Jeon, Woo-Hyun ; Moon, Hee Sun</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c398t-db97244600522267784101452e67dcbf79b28432c50458d0c589c56ffbad10f03</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Environmental Monitoring</topic><topic>Groundwater</topic><topic>Microplastics</topic><topic>Morphology</topic><topic>Plastics</topic><topic>polyethylene</topic><topic>polyethylene terephthalates</topic><topic>Polymer type</topic><topic>polypropylenes</topic><topic>Polypropylenes - analysis</topic><topic>polystyrenes</topic><topic>population density</topic><topic>rain intensity</topic><topic>Rainfall</topic><topic>sediments</topic><topic>Size</topic><topic>Soil</topic><topic>toxicity</topic><topic>Unsaturated soil</topic><topic>urban development</topic><topic>Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Park, Saerom</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Ilho</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jeon, Woo-Hyun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moon, Hee Sun</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>AGRICOLA</collection><collection>AGRICOLA - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of contaminant hydrology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Park, Saerom</au><au>Kim, Ilho</au><au>Jeon, Woo-Hyun</au><au>Moon, Hee Sun</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Exploring the vertical transport of microplastics in subsurface environments: Lab-scale experiments and field evidence</atitle><jtitle>Journal of contaminant hydrology</jtitle><addtitle>J Contam Hydrol</addtitle><date>2023-07</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>257</volume><spage>104215</spage><epage>104215</epage><pages>104215-104215</pages><artnum>104215</artnum><issn>0169-7722</issn><eissn>1873-6009</eissn><abstract>Microplastics (MPs) defined as smaller 5 mm plastic particles have received increasing attention due to their global occurrence and potential toxicity. 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In the field study, a statistical difference in MP abundance was observed depending on the population density and degree of urban development in both soil and groundwater samples. Comparing to the two different types of environmental media samples obtained from the same site, there was a significant difference in the composition of polymer types present while statistically no difference in MP abundance was observed between the two media samples (i.e., soil or sediment and groundwater). In addition, MP fibers and polyethylene (PE) were predominantly detected in our two study areas. These results suggest that various types of MP can pass through the unsaturated zone by water infiltration, even if it takes a long time to reach groundwater. Overall, we found that the degree of vertical transport of the MPs was highly sensitive to environmental conditions and MP characteristics. [Display omitted] •Increasing rainfall intensity accelerated the microplastics (MP) vertical transport•Fiber and polypyrene MP showed the greatest vertical transport among the MP tested•Greater MP vertical mobility was observed with greater MP size•No statistical difference MP abundance was observed between soil and groundwater•Fiber and polyethylene MPs were predominantly found in soil and groundwater</abstract><cop>Netherlands</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>37348415</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.jconhyd.2023.104215</doi><tpages>1</tpages></addata></record>
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identifier ISSN: 0169-7722
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source MEDLINE; ScienceDirect Journals (5 years ago - present)
subjects Environmental Monitoring
Groundwater
Microplastics
Morphology
Plastics
polyethylene
polyethylene terephthalates
Polymer type
polypropylenes
Polypropylenes - analysis
polystyrenes
population density
rain intensity
Rainfall
sediments
Size
Soil
toxicity
Unsaturated soil
urban development
Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis
title Exploring the vertical transport of microplastics in subsurface environments: Lab-scale experiments and field evidence
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