Salivary elemental signature of dental caries: a systematic review and meta-analysis of ionomics studies
Trace- and macro-chemical elements are crucial for cellular physiological functioning, and their alterations in biological fluids might be associated with an underlying pathological state. Hence, this study aimed to examine and summarize the published literature concerning the application of salivar...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Odontology 2024, Vol.112 (1), p.27-50 |
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description | Trace- and macro-chemical elements are crucial for cellular physiological functioning, and their alterations in biological fluids might be associated with an underlying pathological state. Hence, this study aimed to examine and summarize the published literature concerning the application of salivary ionomics for caries diagnosis. An extensive search of studies was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus, without any language and year restriction for answering the following PECO question: “In subjects (i.e., children, adolescents, or adults) with good systematic health, are there any variations in the salivary concentrations of trace- or macro-elements between caries-free (CF) individuals and caries-active (CA) subjects?” A modified version of the QUADOMICS tool was used to assess the quality of the included studies. The Review Manager Version 5.4.1. was used for data analyses. The analysis of salivary chemical elements that significantly differed between CF and CA subjects was also performed. Thirty-four studies were included, involving 2299 CA and 1669 CF subjects, having an age range from 3 to 64 years in over 16 countries. The meta-analysis revealed a statistically significant difference (
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p
< 0.05) in the salivary levels of calcium, phosphorus, chloride, magnesium, potassium, sodium, and zinc between CA and CF subjects, suggesting higher levels of calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and sodium in CF subjects while higher levels of chloride, magnesium, and zinc in CA patients. Half of the included studies (17/34) were considered high quality, while the remaining half were considered medium quality. Only zinc and chloride ions were found to be higher significantly and consistent in CF and CA subjects, respectively. Conflicting outcomes were observed for all other salivary chemical elements including aluminum, bromine, calcium, copper, fluoride, iron, potassium, magnesium, manganese, sodium, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, phosphorus, lead, selenium, and sulfate ions.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1618-1247</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1618-1255</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00839-4</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37526792</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Aluminum ; Calcium ; Calcium chloride ; Chemical elements ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Dental caries ; Dental Caries - diagnosis ; Dentistry ; Humans ; Ions - analysis ; Magnesium ; Magnesium Chloride ; Manganese ; Medicine ; Meta-analysis ; Middle Aged ; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery ; Phosphorus ; Potassium ; Review Article ; Saliva - chemistry ; Selenium ; Sodium ; Statistical analysis ; Trace elements (nutrients) ; Young Adult ; Zinc</subject><ispartof>Odontology, 2024, Vol.112 (1), p.27-50</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Society of The Nippon Dental University 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</rights><rights>2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Society of The Nippon Dental University.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-7fa39fdfc60eb3420b2512180033028a084e18c83973f8a5941c63bc77f2a4da3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-7fa39fdfc60eb3420b2512180033028a084e18c83973f8a5941c63bc77f2a4da3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10266-023-00839-4$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10266-023-00839-4$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37526792$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Alqahtani, Abdullah Ali</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alhalabi, Feras</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alam, Mohammad Khursheed</creatorcontrib><title>Salivary elemental signature of dental caries: a systematic review and meta-analysis of ionomics studies</title><title>Odontology</title><addtitle>Odontology</addtitle><addtitle>Odontology</addtitle><description>Trace- and macro-chemical elements are crucial for cellular physiological functioning, and their alterations in biological fluids might be associated with an underlying pathological state. Hence, this study aimed to examine and summarize the published literature concerning the application of salivary ionomics for caries diagnosis. An extensive search of studies was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus, without any language and year restriction for answering the following PECO question: “In subjects (i.e., children, adolescents, or adults) with good systematic health, are there any variations in the salivary concentrations of trace- or macro-elements between caries-free (CF) individuals and caries-active (CA) subjects?” A modified version of the QUADOMICS tool was used to assess the quality of the included studies. The Review Manager Version 5.4.1. was used for data analyses. The analysis of salivary chemical elements that significantly differed between CF and CA subjects was also performed. Thirty-four studies were included, involving 2299 CA and 1669 CF subjects, having an age range from 3 to 64 years in over 16 countries. The meta-analysis revealed a statistically significant difference (
p
< 0.05) in the salivary levels of calcium, phosphorus, chloride, magnesium, potassium, sodium, and zinc between CA and CF subjects, suggesting higher levels of calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and sodium in CF subjects while higher levels of chloride, magnesium, and zinc in CA patients. Half of the included studies (17/34) were considered high quality, while the remaining half were considered medium quality. Only zinc and chloride ions were found to be higher significantly and consistent in CF and CA subjects, respectively. Conflicting outcomes were observed for all other salivary chemical elements including aluminum, bromine, calcium, copper, fluoride, iron, potassium, magnesium, manganese, sodium, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, phosphorus, lead, selenium, and sulfate ions.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aluminum</subject><subject>Calcium</subject><subject>Calcium chloride</subject><subject>Chemical elements</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Dental caries</subject><subject>Dental Caries - diagnosis</subject><subject>Dentistry</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Ions - analysis</subject><subject>Magnesium</subject><subject>Magnesium Chloride</subject><subject>Manganese</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Meta-analysis</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery</subject><subject>Phosphorus</subject><subject>Potassium</subject><subject>Review Article</subject><subject>Saliva - chemistry</subject><subject>Selenium</subject><subject>Sodium</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Trace elements (nutrients)</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><subject>Zinc</subject><issn>1618-1247</issn><issn>1618-1255</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kctu1jAQhS0Eohd4ARbIEhs2gfElscMOVVCQKnXRsrbmdybFVS7Fk7T6374uKUViwcqW_Z1jzzlCvFHwQQG4j6xAN00F2lQA3rSVfSYOVaN8pXRdP3_aW3cgjpivAbSzBl6KA-Nq3bhWH4qfFzikW8x7SQONNC04SE5XEy5rJjn3stvOIuZE_Emi5D0vNOKSosx0m-hO4tTJkRascMJhz4kfdGme5jFFlrysXZG-Ei96HJheP67H4sfXL5cn36qz89PvJ5_Pqlg-tVSuR9P2XR8boJ2xGna6Vlp5AGNAewRvSflYpnWm91i3VsXG7KJzvUbboTkW7zffmzz_WomXMCaONAw40bxy0N7axoPXqqDv_kGv5zWXGQrVqhKQKykXSm9UzDNzpj7c5DSWxIKC8NBD2HoIpYfwu4dgi-jto_W6G6l7kvwJvgBmA7hcTVeU_779H9t7_-mS_Q</recordid><startdate>2024</startdate><enddate>2024</enddate><creator>Alqahtani, Abdullah Ali</creator><creator>Alhalabi, Feras</creator><creator>Alam, Mohammad Khursheed</creator><general>Springer Nature Singapore</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>2024</creationdate><title>Salivary elemental signature of dental caries: a systematic review and meta-analysis of ionomics studies</title><author>Alqahtani, Abdullah Ali ; Alhalabi, Feras ; Alam, Mohammad Khursheed</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-7fa39fdfc60eb3420b2512180033028a084e18c83973f8a5941c63bc77f2a4da3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aluminum</topic><topic>Calcium</topic><topic>Calcium chloride</topic><topic>Chemical elements</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Dental caries</topic><topic>Dental Caries - diagnosis</topic><topic>Dentistry</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Ions - analysis</topic><topic>Magnesium</topic><topic>Magnesium Chloride</topic><topic>Manganese</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Meta-analysis</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery</topic><topic>Phosphorus</topic><topic>Potassium</topic><topic>Review Article</topic><topic>Saliva - chemistry</topic><topic>Selenium</topic><topic>Sodium</topic><topic>Statistical analysis</topic><topic>Trace elements (nutrients)</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><topic>Zinc</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Alqahtani, Abdullah Ali</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alhalabi, Feras</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alam, Mohammad Khursheed</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Odontology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Alqahtani, Abdullah Ali</au><au>Alhalabi, Feras</au><au>Alam, Mohammad Khursheed</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Salivary elemental signature of dental caries: a systematic review and meta-analysis of ionomics studies</atitle><jtitle>Odontology</jtitle><stitle>Odontology</stitle><addtitle>Odontology</addtitle><date>2024</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>112</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>27</spage><epage>50</epage><pages>27-50</pages><issn>1618-1247</issn><eissn>1618-1255</eissn><abstract>Trace- and macro-chemical elements are crucial for cellular physiological functioning, and their alterations in biological fluids might be associated with an underlying pathological state. Hence, this study aimed to examine and summarize the published literature concerning the application of salivary ionomics for caries diagnosis. An extensive search of studies was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus, without any language and year restriction for answering the following PECO question: “In subjects (i.e., children, adolescents, or adults) with good systematic health, are there any variations in the salivary concentrations of trace- or macro-elements between caries-free (CF) individuals and caries-active (CA) subjects?” A modified version of the QUADOMICS tool was used to assess the quality of the included studies. The Review Manager Version 5.4.1. was used for data analyses. The analysis of salivary chemical elements that significantly differed between CF and CA subjects was also performed. Thirty-four studies were included, involving 2299 CA and 1669 CF subjects, having an age range from 3 to 64 years in over 16 countries. The meta-analysis revealed a statistically significant difference (
p
< 0.05) in the salivary levels of calcium, phosphorus, chloride, magnesium, potassium, sodium, and zinc between CA and CF subjects, suggesting higher levels of calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and sodium in CF subjects while higher levels of chloride, magnesium, and zinc in CA patients. Half of the included studies (17/34) were considered high quality, while the remaining half were considered medium quality. Only zinc and chloride ions were found to be higher significantly and consistent in CF and CA subjects, respectively. Conflicting outcomes were observed for all other salivary chemical elements including aluminum, bromine, calcium, copper, fluoride, iron, potassium, magnesium, manganese, sodium, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, phosphorus, lead, selenium, and sulfate ions.</abstract><cop>Singapore</cop><pub>Springer Nature Singapore</pub><pmid>37526792</pmid><doi>10.1007/s10266-023-00839-4</doi><tpages>24</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Adolescent Adult Aluminum Calcium Calcium chloride Chemical elements Child Child, Preschool Dental caries Dental Caries - diagnosis Dentistry Humans Ions - analysis Magnesium Magnesium Chloride Manganese Medicine Meta-analysis Middle Aged Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Phosphorus Potassium Review Article Saliva - chemistry Selenium Sodium Statistical analysis Trace elements (nutrients) Young Adult Zinc |
title | Salivary elemental signature of dental caries: a systematic review and meta-analysis of ionomics studies |
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