Solar distillation of human urine to recover non-potable water and metal phosphate mineral
Human urine is a readily available nutrient source that can complement commercial fertilizer production, which relies on finite mineral resources and global supply chains. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a simplified solar distillation process for urine to recover phosphorus (P) and nitrog...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Water science and technology 2023-07, Vol.88 (2), p.486-501 |
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| creator | Bucholtz, Pippin Steele, McKenzie Tripathi, Vedika Graham, Cole Crane, Lucas Boyer, Treavor H |
| description | Human urine is a readily available nutrient source that can complement commercial fertilizer production, which relies on finite mineral resources and global supply chains. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a simplified solar distillation process for urine to recover phosphorus (P) and nitrogen for agricultural use and water for non-potable purposes. Synthetic fresh, synthetic hydrolyzed, real fresh, and real hydrolyzed urine were exposed to direct sunlight for 6 h in a simple distillation apparatus, which produced distillation bottoms and distillate. Metal phosphate precipitation in the distillation bottoms was evaluated to recover P. The non-potable water was recovered as distillate. Hydrolyzed urine recovered more metal phosphate solid in the distillation bottoms and had a higher conductivity in the distillate than fresh urine. Hydrolyzed urine also achieved greater distillate volume recovery than fresh urine. Hydrolyzed urine had a greater presence of UV-absorbing organics in the distillate than fresh urine and therefore produced a lower-quality product water. There was no significant correlation between the daily high air temperature and the volume of distillate recovered. This study provides a comprehensive data set on simplified solar distillation of human urine considering the fate of nutrients and water for different types of urine. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.2166/wst.2023.218 |
| format | Article |
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This study evaluated the effectiveness of a simplified solar distillation process for urine to recover phosphorus (P) and nitrogen for agricultural use and water for non-potable purposes. Synthetic fresh, synthetic hydrolyzed, real fresh, and real hydrolyzed urine were exposed to direct sunlight for 6 h in a simple distillation apparatus, which produced distillation bottoms and distillate. Metal phosphate precipitation in the distillation bottoms was evaluated to recover P. The non-potable water was recovered as distillate. Hydrolyzed urine recovered more metal phosphate solid in the distillation bottoms and had a higher conductivity in the distillate than fresh urine. Hydrolyzed urine also achieved greater distillate volume recovery than fresh urine. Hydrolyzed urine had a greater presence of UV-absorbing organics in the distillate than fresh urine and therefore produced a lower-quality product water. There was no significant correlation between the daily high air temperature and the volume of distillate recovered. This study provides a comprehensive data set on simplified solar distillation of human urine considering the fate of nutrients and water for different types of urine.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0273-1223</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1996-9732</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.218</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37522447</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: IWA Publishing</publisher><subject>Air temperature ; Chloride ; Distillates ; Distillation ; Distillation equipment ; Distilled water ; Distilling ; Drinking water ; Fertilizers ; High temperature ; Human wastes ; Humans ; Magnesium ; Membrane separation ; Metals ; Mineral nutrients ; Mineral resources ; Minerals ; Nitrogen ; Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ; Nutrient availability ; Nutrients ; Performance evaluation ; Phosphate minerals ; Phosphates ; Phosphorus ; Potassium ; Sodium ; Solar distillation ; Sunlight ; Supply chains ; Urine ; Water ; Water Purification ; Water quality</subject><ispartof>Water science and technology, 2023-07, Vol.88 (2), p.486-501</ispartof><rights>Copyright IWA Publishing Jul 2023</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c357t-ea13553ff8e0d5ef1791f46363c13e3b5c75cf7c875527c856d9df842e5c3b383</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c357t-ea13553ff8e0d5ef1791f46363c13e3b5c75cf7c875527c856d9df842e5c3b383</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-0818-5604</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,864,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37522447$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Bucholtz, Pippin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Steele, McKenzie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tripathi, Vedika</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Graham, Cole</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Crane, Lucas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boyer, Treavor H</creatorcontrib><title>Solar distillation of human urine to recover non-potable water and metal phosphate mineral</title><title>Water science and technology</title><addtitle>Water Sci Technol</addtitle><description>Human urine is a readily available nutrient source that can complement commercial fertilizer production, which relies on finite mineral resources and global supply chains. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a simplified solar distillation process for urine to recover phosphorus (P) and nitrogen for agricultural use and water for non-potable purposes. Synthetic fresh, synthetic hydrolyzed, real fresh, and real hydrolyzed urine were exposed to direct sunlight for 6 h in a simple distillation apparatus, which produced distillation bottoms and distillate. Metal phosphate precipitation in the distillation bottoms was evaluated to recover P. The non-potable water was recovered as distillate. Hydrolyzed urine recovered more metal phosphate solid in the distillation bottoms and had a higher conductivity in the distillate than fresh urine. Hydrolyzed urine also achieved greater distillate volume recovery than fresh urine. Hydrolyzed urine had a greater presence of UV-absorbing organics in the distillate than fresh urine and therefore produced a lower-quality product water. There was no significant correlation between the daily high air temperature and the volume of distillate recovered. 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non-potable water and metal phosphate mineral</atitle><jtitle>Water science and technology</jtitle><addtitle>Water Sci Technol</addtitle><date>2023-07-15</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>88</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>486</spage><epage>501</epage><pages>486-501</pages><issn>0273-1223</issn><eissn>1996-9732</eissn><abstract>Human urine is a readily available nutrient source that can complement commercial fertilizer production, which relies on finite mineral resources and global supply chains. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a simplified solar distillation process for urine to recover phosphorus (P) and nitrogen for agricultural use and water for non-potable purposes. Synthetic fresh, synthetic hydrolyzed, real fresh, and real hydrolyzed urine were exposed to direct sunlight for 6 h in a simple distillation apparatus, which produced distillation bottoms and distillate. Metal phosphate precipitation in the distillation bottoms was evaluated to recover P. The non-potable water was recovered as distillate. Hydrolyzed urine recovered more metal phosphate solid in the distillation bottoms and had a higher conductivity in the distillate than fresh urine. Hydrolyzed urine also achieved greater distillate volume recovery than fresh urine. Hydrolyzed urine had a greater presence of UV-absorbing organics in the distillate than fresh urine and therefore produced a lower-quality product water. There was no significant correlation between the daily high air temperature and the volume of distillate recovered. This study provides a comprehensive data set on simplified solar distillation of human urine considering the fate of nutrients and water for different types of urine.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>IWA Publishing</pub><pmid>37522447</pmid><doi>10.2166/wst.2023.218</doi><tpages>16</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0818-5604</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0273-1223 |
| ispartof | Water science and technology, 2023-07, Vol.88 (2), p.486-501 |
| issn | 0273-1223 1996-9732 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2844095020 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals |
| subjects | Air temperature Chloride Distillates Distillation Distillation equipment Distilled water Distilling Drinking water Fertilizers High temperature Human wastes Humans Magnesium Membrane separation Metals Mineral nutrients Mineral resources Minerals Nitrogen Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Nutrient availability Nutrients Performance evaluation Phosphate minerals Phosphates Phosphorus Potassium Sodium Solar distillation Sunlight Supply chains Urine Water Water Purification Water quality |
| title | Solar distillation of human urine to recover non-potable water and metal phosphate mineral |
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