The association between 5-HT1A binding and temporal lobe epilepsy: A meta-analysis of molecular imaging studies

•A decrease in 5-HT1A binding in the hippocampus, temporal cortex, amygdala, and frontal lobe on the affected side of patients with TLE was found through meta-analysis.•Reduced 5-HT1A binding could lead to new insights for TLE diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment.•The decrease in 5-HT1A binding may lead to comorbidities of epilepsy and depression, epilepsy and cognitive dysfunction. Studies have shown conflicting results in the correlation between serotonin-1A (5-HT1A) receptor binding levels in the brain and temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). There is a need to systematically evaluate the correlation between the 5-HT1A binding level and TLE from the perspective of the brain using molecular imaging. Chinese and English databases, such as the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), the China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), WanFang, the Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System (SinoMed), PubMed and Web of Science, were searched. Two evaluators independently screened the literature, extracted data, and evaluated the risk of bias in the included studies according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. RevMan 5.4.1 was used to analyze the data. A total of 196 participants were included; of these, 95 had TLE and 131 were healthy controls who had never had a seizure before participating in the study. Meta-analysis results suggested that 1) decreased 5-HT1A binding was found on the affected side of patients with TLE (standard mean difference (SMD) = −1.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) [−2.27, −0.64], Z = 3.48, P = 0.0005); 2) decreased 5-HT1A binding was found in the ipsilateral hippocampus of patients with TLE (SMD = −1.76, 95% CI [−2.51, −1.00], Z = 4.57, P＜0.00001); 3) decreased 5-HT1A binding was found in the ipsilateral temporal lobe cortex of patients with TLE (SMD = −0.46, 95% CI [−0.80, −0.12], Z = 2.66, P = 0.008); 4) decreased 5-HT1A binding was found in the ipsilateral amygdala in patients with TLE (SMD = −1.36, 95% CI [−2.48, −0.23], Z = 2.37, P = 0.02); and 5) decreased 5-HT1A binding was found in the frontal lobe of patients with TLE(SMD = −0.75, 95% CI [−1.29, −0.20], Z = 2.67, P = 0.008). A reduction in 5-HT1A binding in the hippocampus, temporal cortex, amygdala, and frontal lobe was observed on the affected side of patients with TLE. The decrease in 5-HT1A binding can be considered related to TLE. Potentially relevant factors should be considered in future molecular imaging studies.